[Military Sub-Plane]: A philosopher
The Examples of War in the World, on ancient and modern miracles, all in the "Military Martial Tao Strategy"
Hello everyone, welcome to the 6th issue of Junwu Taoluo. Today, the military mushrooms must first read two poems: "Zhongshan is windy and rainy, and a million male teachers have crossed the river." The tiger is better than the past, and the world is turned upside down. These four majestic and majestic verses must be familiar to everyone - it is the poem that praises the "million heroes" who crossed the Yangtze River to conquer Nanjing.
Since ancient times, the "Battle of Crossing the River" has almost been a symbol of the imminent unification of the world by successive dynasties, and it is the last step to complete the splicing of the Chinese territory. And this kind of once-in-a-century event is often accompanied by magnificent war strategies and heroic epics that can be sung and wept.
Today, the 6th issue of Junwu Taoluo will take you to appreciate the first successful large-scale river crossing campaign in Chinese history - the Battle of Jin and Wu.
The Yangtze River is wide and the water is deep and the waves are rapid. According to ordinary people, the Yangtze River defense line is almost "unsurpassable." In 263 AD, shu Han was destroyed at the hands of Cao Wei, and the former three divisions of the world were broken. In the eyes of the northern regime at that time, the only obstacle to "unifying the world" and completing the same feats as Qin Shi Huang and Han Gaozu was the state of Wu in the southeast corner.
Two years later, in 265 AD, Sima Yan usurped the throne by destroying Shu and changed Wei to Jin. In order to consolidate his power and show his orthodoxy, he urgently needed a grand military victory— the suppression of Eastern Wu, which became his greatest goal.
In 269, the Western Jin general Yang Hu was appointed governor of the Jingzhou army, responsible for the defense of the Jingzhou Defense Line, the longest section of the Jin-Wu border.
After learning the lesson of the defeat at the Battle of Chibi, Yang Hu was fully aware that crossing the river to destroy Wu could not be urgent, but could only slow down. Therefore, Yang Hu did not rush to make military adventures, but formulated a series of far-sighted battle plans. Among them, the main plans in the early stage are:
1) In Jingzhou Tuntian, reserve grain and grass;
2) Easing the border situation and reducing conflicts between the two sides;
3) To buy the hearts of the people with benevolence and righteousness, so that Wu will come and descend;
4) Build ships in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and train water troops;
5) Show goodwill to the Wu army to command the land resistance and alienate the Eastern Wu junchen;
Among them, Tuntian is the first to bear the brunt. Due to the continuous wars in the past hundred years since the Yellow Turban Uprising, the population of the Central Plains has plummeted, the fields have been deserted, and grain production has declined.
▲ During the Three Kingdoms period Chinese mouth from the end of the Han Dynasty to about 50 million
Down to less than 10 million
The Book of Jin records that when Yang Hu first took office in Jingzhou, "the army did not have the grain of a hundred days." In the third year after Yang Hu ruled Jingzhou, the military grain "had a ten-year accumulation."
At the same time, he also reduced the frequency of border patrols, which not only recuperated soldiers, but also reduced conflicts with the State of Wu on the border. Since then, the living environment on the border between Jin and Wu has been greatly improved, and even the people and soldiers of the Wu state are very grateful to Yang Hu. Yang Hu also used this to reduce the resistance of the Wu people to the Western Jin Dynasty.
▲Descendants are grateful for the virtue of Yang Hu and erect a monument to him,
That is, the famous "Yanggong Monument", Meng Haoran has a poetry cloud,
"The sheep monument is still there, read the tears and wipes"
In addition to showing overtures to the people of wu, Yang Hu also worked hard to establish an image of a generous elder among the generals of the Wu kingdom. Once, someone in the Jin army captured the sons of two Wu generals, but he released them back to the Wu kingdom. Soon after, the father of the two children did indeed lead an army to surrender.
The Wu generals Chen Shang and Pan Jing attacked the Jin army, and after the soldiers were defeated and killed, Yang Hu ordered the two to be buried and allowed their descendants to come to mourn.
▲ Yang Hu soldiers took wu's bridgehead in Northern Jingzhou without bloodshed,
Shicheng, causing the Pressure of the Jin State in the direction of Xiangyang to plummet
Yang Hu's series of measures to recuperate and stabilize the border in Jingzhou not only enhanced the combat effectiveness of the Jin army, but also disintegrated the resistance of the Wu state to a certain extent.
In addition to these policies of stabilizing bilateral relations, Yang Hu did not relax his military preparations.
He ordered Wang To build warships in Sichuan and train the water army. With the lesson of Cao Cao's defeat at Chibi in the past, Yang Hu decided to fight steadily and steadily, spending seven years, and finally trained a water army in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River that could resist Eastern Wu, known as "the prosperity of the boat, which has never existed since ancient times."
▲ "The big ship is connected to the ship, the square hundred and twenty steps, by more than two thousand people ...
Horses have to ride on it."
On the side of the Jin Dynasty, the monarchs and courtiers were united in their hearts, rubbing their fists, and TaoGuang cultivated obscurity. On the Wu side, it was just the opposite. Since Sun Hao ascended to the throne, he has been anxious to achieve success in internal affairs, resulting in the loss of peace between the monarchs and his subjects. Not only did it make the people in the DPRK and China panic, but even the general who guarded the border, Lu Kang, began to feel suspicious.
In addition, due to Yang Hu's soft policy towards the State of Wu, Yang Hu was well-known in both countries, which made it difficult for Lu Kang to make any strong moves on the border.
He once said: "He is for virtue, I am for violence, and I am obedient without fighting." "Meaning, Yang Hu made the appearance of Wilder, and if I was blindly aggressive, it would be equivalent to losing the hearts and minds of the people before I fought."
▲ Yang Hu's Yang plot caused many Wu generals to sincerely surrender
Therefore, in the face of Yang Hu's upright way and the strategy of convincing people with a general trend, Lu Kang had no choice but to "turn a blind eye to my performance that should cooperate with your performance." Since then, the balance of victory and defeat has invisibly begun to fall towards the Jin Kingdom little by little.
Of course, although Yang Hu was outwardly friendly to the State of Wu, secretly he had already prepared a strategic record for crossing the river to cut down Wu: "Leading Liang Yi's troops to land and water, jingchu's people entered Linjiangling, Pingnan, Yuzhou, and pointed directly to Xiakou, Xu, Yang, Qing, Yan and Moling... The Bahan Qi soldiers out of their emptiness, one place to fall, then up and down. ”
In general, the operational strategy formulated by Yang Hu for the Jin State can be summed up in one sentence: the large army presses the border, advances in multiple lines, and focuses on breakthroughs.
▲Schematic diagram of the Battle of Wu
Later historical facts proved that the arrangement of the sheep was quite reasonable. Although the Yangtze River is called a natural danger, the Yangtze River is too long in the east-west direction, and such a long front may be a battlefield everywhere. Therefore, the main force of the Wu army was mobilized with suspicious troops, making it tired of running for its life, and finally grasping a point on the Yangtze River defense line and attacking with all its might, once it broke through, the Wu army could not be connected from end to end, and the entire defense line would collapse in an instant.
In the winter of 279 AD, the famous Western Jin general Du Pre took over the post of Zhennan general of the deceased Yang Hu, commanded the Six Roads Army, led a total of 200,000 horses, marched on land and water, and launched a general offensive on the thousand-mile front from Chongqing to Nanjing.
Among them, from west to east, the Zhennan general Du Pre marched from Xiangyang into Jiangling, the Pingnan general Hu Fen went to Xiakou and Gong'an, the Jianwei general Wang Rong went out of Yuzhou ben Wuchang, the Andong general Wang Hun went to Hengjiang, and the Lang evil king Sima Ling went out of Xia Pi to directly pound Jianye. In addition to this five-way army, there was also a water army that had been making a lot of money for many years, led by the general Wang Mao of Longhua, who went down the river from Yizhou and took Jianye directly.
The general purpose of the Jin army's arrangement was to restrain Wu Junjian's forces and make it impossible for them to travel upstream to provide support.
▲The jin army deployed in the early stage of the downstream
In the middle reaches, the three armies of Du Pre, Hu Fen, and Wang Rong took the opportunity to capture important nodes such as Wuchang, Xiakou, and Jiangling in the middle section to deal with Wang Mao's water army floating down from the upstream. After that, Wang Maojun, together with Wang Hun and Sima Lingbu, attacked Jianye and set the world at the top.
▲Schematic diagram of the war between Jin and Wu in the downstream
In February 280, in the face of the Jin army's offensive downstream, the Wu lord Sun Hao sent the chancellor Zhang Ti to lead an army of 30,000 to support the wu army north of the Yangtze River. Faced with the situation of knowing that he would die, Zhang Ti decided to take the initiative to attack the Jin army, trying to attack instead of defending, winning a victory to inspire the army.
However, in the end, he was defeated by the Jin army. As soon as Zhang Ti died, the Wu army no longer had the will to fight, and the State of Wu also completely lost the land in jiangbei.
▲ Liu Yuxi's poems
"Wang Maolou ship down to Yizhou, Jinling Wang Qi eclipsed"
It is about the key to the battle between Jin and Wu- the water division
In mid-March, when Wang Hao's water army, which had successfully marched, arrived only a few tens of miles away from Jianye, Sun Hao sent the guerrilla general Zhang Xiang to lead 10,000 water troops to meet the enemy. As a result, Zhang Xiang saw that Wang Mao's water army was "full of armor and armor, the flag was candle-filled, and the power was very strong", so "the elephant looked forward to the flag and fell".
Later, Sun Hao sent Tao Hao to meet the enemy, and Tao Hao said: "The Shu ships are all small, and now they have 20,000 soldiers, and they will fight on big ships and break them on their own feet." As a result, when he was ready to send troops the next day, he found that twenty thousand soldiers and horses had run out overnight. Since then, the morale of the Wu army has been lost, and it no longer has the strength to fight a war.
On March 15, Wang Mao's army arrived in Jianye, and the Wu lord Sun Hao went out of the city to ask for surrender. At this point, the State of Wu was declared extinct, and the chaotic three kingdoms that had lasted for nearly a hundred years finally ended.
During this battle, the Jin state mobilized about 200,000 troops, which was not much of an advantage in numbers compared to the state of Wu. However, the Jin state won the victory with great superiority.
There were many reasons for winning so easily, but the important one was that the Jin army's actions downstream greatly pinned down the main wu forces, preventing them from supporting friendly forces along the river. As the friendly forces were depleted little by little, the morale of the main forces gradually decreased. In the end, there were tens of thousands of troops in the air, but they were completely vulnerable.
This shows how important it is to provide timely support and maintain strong morale.
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