Speaking of the yellow robe and the body, the first thing that most people think of is definitely the story of the mutiny of The Founding Emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, chen qiao, but what many people don't know is that Zhao Kuangyin actually has a kind of learning and is imitating others. Because, in Chinese history, there have been two emperors with yellow robes and bodies, and Zhao Kuangyin is only one of them.
So, who was the first yellow-robed emperor in history? In fact, this person was the old superior who had the grace of knowing Zhao Kuangyin, and guo Wei, the founding emperor of later Zhou.
Guo Wei's family origins were not bad, and his father Guo Jian served as the secretary of the Shunzhou (present-day Shunyi County, Beijing) prefecture party secretary and governor of Shunzhou (later Tang Zhuangzong Li Cunxun), the father of The Jin Dynasty Li Keyong (later Tang Zhuangzong Li Cunxun, known historically as Later Tang Taizu). However, when Guo Wei was not yet sensible, his father was killed by the warlord "Liu Gutou" Liu Rengong. On his way to Luzhou (潞州, in present-day Changzhi, Shanxi), his mother Wang clan fell ill and died.
A child without a mother is like a grass, and Guo Wei's growth process can be imagined. At the age of eighteen, Ze Lu jiedu asked Li Jitao to recruit soldiers, and Guo Wei went to recruit, because of his large stature and dead strength, he was even better at fighting without parental discipline. Li Jitao fell in love with him at first sight and left him around as a "tooth soldier" (a soldier of the clan commander).
Just like the Wei monk in "Bright Sword", li yunlong is used to fighting, and a small guard is better than anyone. When Guo Wei was a guard around Li Jitao, gambling and drinking were the norm, and he practiced with people from time to time, and Li Jitao turned a blind eye, making him more blind.
It is said that once Guo Wei had eaten and drunk enough to support himself, and then wandered blindly on the street, and heard that there was a vendor selling meat in the market, not only was he short of two pounds, but he also bullied his peers, which was very arbitrary, and everyone did not dare to provoke him. Guo Wei's brave and fierce temper came up, and he came to the vendor with a little bit of alcohol, first let the vendor cut the meat, then picky in every way, and then insulted him with filthy words, the butcher saw Guo Wei's head, and thought it was the urban management team, nodded his head, and tried to restrain himself. But in the end, he couldn't bear it, ripped open his clothes and pointed at his stomach and shouted, "I know you're here to find stubble, come on, there's a kind of stab here!" ”
In the face of the threat, Guo Weike really deserved his name, grabbed the knife and stabbed it according to the place pointed out by the other party: This is what you told me to stab!
The butcher screamed for his life on the spot, and Guo Wei was sent to prison for intentional homicide. Li Jitao admired his courage and boldness even more, and ordered his people to bring him back. Later, Li Jitao was defeated by Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang, Li Cunxun, and Guo Wei was incorporated into the Later Tang army, and was also selected by Li Cunxun to join the pro-army "Congma Zhi".
In April of the fourth year of Tongguang (926), Li Cunxun died in the rebels' random arrows, and was disbanded from Mazhi, and Guo Wei became a laid-off personnel, returning to the situation of not having enough to eat and no clothes to eat.
But there is no invincible road in heaven, just when Guo Wei was at his worst, God arranged for him to meet a noble person who changed the fate of his life. This person was also a laid-off officer, surnamed Chai, who was previously a concubine (a concubine of lower status) in Li Cunxun's palace.
It turned out that after Li Cunxun's death, Li Siyuan, the later Emperor Mingzong of Tang, who replaced him, engaged in harem layoffs and dismissed some palace women, and Chai Shi was one of them. Chai's hometown was in Longgang, Xingzhou (present-day Xingtai, Hebei), the daughter of a large family, and her parents heard that their daughter had been bought out of her work and laid off, so they came to pick her up and take her home. When the family walked to the Mengjin ferry port and prepared to cross the Yellow River, they encountered heavy rain and the water surface of the Yellow River was turbulent, so they had to find a hotel to stop.
For several days, the heavy rain did not mean to stop. One day, when chai girl was bored to look at the misty world in the rain through the window, she suddenly saw a big man in the shape of a big man stepping into the hotel in the rain, although he was soaking wet like a chicken in soup, he could not hide his heroic spirit. Lady Chai was worthy of being a person who had spent time in the palace compound, and at a glance, it was clear that this person was by no means a generalist.
Chai Girl learned from the waiter's mouth that the people who came also lived in this hotel, named Guo Wei, and the accommodation registration was also from Xingzhou, Hebei Province, who had served in the army, was a guard, and now laid off and did not know where to go. When Chai Girl heard this, she couldn't help but be thrilled, and immediately decided to entrust it for life.
Of course, the Chai family's parents strongly objected, saying: "You were once a person close to the emperor, and at the very least you wanted to be the wife of a feudal official, how can you marry a laid-off soldier who has nothing?" ”
Lady Chai said, "Just because I have been in the palace, I have seen more dignitaries and dignitaries, and as soon as I see this person, I know that he will be extremely expensive in the future, and the opportunity must not be lost, and you must stop me from being anxious with you!" ”
The parents knew that their daughter's determination had been made, so they had to cling to her. So he helped the two of them to have a wedding in the hotel. After paying homage to her parents in heaven and earth, Lady Chai divided the gold and silver jewelry obtained in the palace into two parts, one to honor her parents and the other to herself.
After sending her parents away, Chai Girl, no, it should be Mrs. Guo. Mrs. Guo said to her husband: "Husband, in the future, I will rely on you, you will certainly be able to soar to the top in the future, and if you continue to invest in the army, I will be your backing and vigorously fund you!" ”
Guo Wei picked up a white rich beauty with a poor light protein, and all of a sudden he had it, of course, but his wife's life was obeyed. So he joined the army again and defected to Shi Jingyao's account. After that, he was transferred to the side of Liu Zhiyuan, the Marquis of Yu, and from then on, he followed Liu Zhiyuan to fight in the world. Because of his ability to do things and his flexible mind, he quickly gained Liu Zhiyuan's trust and was regarded as his right and left arm.
Liu Zhiyuan's movements became more and more noisy, and he became a powerful figure who divided the side. Guo Wei and others took the opportunity to persuade him to declare himself emperor and establish the country. Liu Zhiyuan declared himself emperor in the twelfth year of Tianfu (947), established the Later Han Dynasty, and after laying the siege of Kaifeng City, changed its name to Fenjing and made it the capital.
Guo Wei was promoted to the position of Privy Counsellor and Inspector Situ for helping Liu Zhiyuan to be the emperor, and became a general who commanded the army and held the position of prime minister. Soon, Liu Zhiyuan, the ancestor of later Han Gaozu, died of illness, and Guo Wei and Su Fengji were appointed at the same time to succeed his son Liu Chengyou as Emperor Yin of Later Han.
Soon after, the Three Towns Rebellion broke out in Han, and Li Shouzhen, Yongxing Jiedu made Zhao Sixuan, and Fengxiang Jiedu cause Wang Jingchong to rebel one after another. The imperial court repeatedly sent troops to fight, but they did not return. In the first year of Qianyou (948), Guo Wei was ordered to lead troops to quell the rebellion, and it was in this counter-rebellion that Guo Wei received Zhao Kuangyin, the son of an old colleague who had come to join the army.
Under Guo Wei's siege on all sides, Li Shouzhen took his wife and set himself on fire. Yongxing Zhao Sixuan and Fengxiang Wang Jingchong surrendered one after another, and the stormy Later Han regime turned the crisis into safety. After that, Guo Wei moved to the Northern Expedition and defeated the Khitans, and with merit, he stayed behind in Fengyi, the Tianxiong army was envoy, and the privy envoy, and the counties of Hebei all listened to Guo Wei's moderation.
The Later Han Emperor Liu Chengyou only lived a few days of peace, and like many kings who committed suicide, they listened to rumors, doubted everything and defeated everything, and wantonly killed heroes. In the third year of Qianyou (950), Liu Chengyou conspired with his close associate Li Ye to secretly order Ma Jun's command to make Guo Chongjie kill Xuanhui's envoys Wang Jun, Guo Wei, and others; he also ordered The Zhenning Army to order Li Hongyi to kill Wang Yin, the commander of the guards' infantry, in an attempt to eliminate the forces of the former generals in one fell swoop.
Li Hongyi, a man with a sense of justice, showed Liu Chengyou's secret order to Wang Yin, who immediately sent someone to complain to Guo Wei. At this time, Guo Wei could not think of anything to do anything, and after consulting with the strategist Wei Renpu, he used falsehood to fake the truth and forged the edict, saying that Liu Chengyou had asked him to carry out a great purge in the army, and showed the fake edict to the generals for their eyes, which caused the crowd to be indignant, and they expressed that they wanted Guo Wei to be the leading big brother and fight back to the capital to "qing junfang".
When Guo Wei stayed behind as the capital of Yi, he did not bring his family to office. His rebellion led to the murder of all his family members who remained in Fenjing, including his wife Chai Shi, who was still in his infancy ("History of the New Five Dynasties": "There is no one who is free of babies and children." ”）。
However, Guo Wei quickly avenged them. He pointed his division directly at the capital, and the situation was like a bamboo, emperor Yin was killed by the rebel army on the way out, Guo Wei led his troops into the capital, calmly visited Empress Li, and pretended to discuss that Liu Bin, the nephew of the empress dowager, who would listen to the government and support Liu Zhiyuan, would enter the throne. Then, suddenly receiving an urgent report, saying that the Khitan had invaded the border in the south, Empress Li ordered Guo Wei to lead an army.
Guo Wei led his army north to reach Liaozhou, the officers and men suddenly made a fuss, wanting to support Guo Wei as emperor, because the incident was hasty, it was too late to rush to make the yellow robe, everyone was anxious to tear down the yellow flag draped over Guo Wei's body, the generals of the three armies knelt down in unison, and in the midst of several long live, long live, long live, long live mountain calls, a play of yellow robes and body was perfectly ended. Guo Wei returned to Shiliang and forced Empress Li to appoint him as the "Overseer of the State" and seize the state administration.
In the following year, kaichun (951 AD), the yuan guangshun was changed, and this year was set as the first year of guangshun. Guo Wei officially ascended the throne as emperor, changed the name of the country to Great Zhou, fixed the capital of Fenjing, and was posthumously named Later Zhou, posthumously honoring the dead Chai clan as empress, and Receiving Chai's nephew Chai Rong as his adopted son.
In the first month of the first year of Xiande (954), Guo Wei became seriously ill. Because the whole family was "a child and a child without exemption", Chai Rong succeeded him as emperor, and the history was called Zhou Shizong.
Chai Rong reigned for only six years, and in June of the sixth year of Xiande (959), Zhou Shizong, who was called "the first Ming Emperor of the Five Dynasties" by historians, died suddenly of illness at the age of 39, and chai Zongxun (Later Zhou Gong Emperor) succeeded to the throne at the age of seven. At this time, Zhao Kuangyin, who had been promoted to inspector and inspected in front of the palace, began to shine on the scene.
On the first day of the first lunar month of the following year (960), the same scene appeared. Another general reported false military information, saying that the Khitan and Northern Han combined troops were attacking from the south, and Zhao Kuangyin was also given the task of commanding the armies to go north to resist the enemy. On the second day of the first lunar month, Zhao Kuangyin led a large army to Chen Qiaoyi (陈桥驿, in modern Chenqiao Town, southeast of Fengqiu, Henan), twenty kilometers northeast of Kaifeng, and began to implement the mutiny plan. On the same night, first Zhao Kuangyin's cronies spread a discussion among the officers and soldiers, saying: "The current emperor is young and weak, and he cannot personally govern, and who knows that we are serving the country and destroying the enemy; if you first support Zhao Kuangyin as emperor, then set out on a northern expedition." The mood of the officers and men was quickly stirred up, and the mutiny plan came to fruition.
Early the next morning, Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother Zhao Kuangyi (later renamed Guangyi) and his confidant Zhao Pu saw that the time was ripe and instructed the generals to drape a yellow robe prepared first on Zhao Kuangyin, who pretended to be drunk and just woken up, and then replicated the scene when Guo Wei was there. The difference is that the voice of tens of thousands of soldiers shouting long live can be heard for several kilometers. Zhao Kuangyin pretended to say, "You are greedy and rich, you have made me the Son of Heaven, and if you can take my life, you can do it, otherwise, I can't be the Lord." Everyone also pretended to be accompanied, and loudly replied, "Only fate is to listen."
After Zhao Kuangyin became emperor without bloodshed, he changed the name of the country to "Song", known in history as "Song Dynasty" and "Northern Song Dynasty", and set the capital kaifeng and changed the yuan to "Jianlong". If Guo Wei had a deep hatred for Hou Han and had to do the opposite, then Zhao Kuangyin was purely grateful and did not want to repay, bullying your family's orphans and widows in houzhou.
But his retribution also came. On the night of October 19, 976, the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin, known as the Kung Fu Emperor and always in good health, drank alcohol with his younger brother Zhao Guangyi, and died violently the next morning at the age of fifty. Regarding the mysterious death of Zhao Kuang, it is still a historical case, the most popular theory is the "candle shadow axe sound" recorded in the "Xiangshan Wild Record", Zhao Guangyi murdered the emperor's brother in order to usurp the throne.