Fig. 1 Peach fruit harmed by peach borers cannot be eaten
Fig. 2 Field plums are affected by peach borers
Fig. 3 The curve produced by the peach borer moth eating plums
Fig. 4 Fruits are more susceptible to peach borers
Fig. 5 Fruit patch leaves are more susceptible to peach borers
Peach borer, also known as peach borer, peach borer, peach borer, peach borer, etc., commonly known as borer heartworm, heartworm, belongs to the lepidoptera borer moth family. From the end of May to the middle of June 2019, the author went to Tuanzhou Village, Heshan Subdistrict, Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, Luogu Village, Longguangqiao Street, And About Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. in Jinjishan Village, Lanxi Town, to investigate and understand that peach borers occur widely on peaches (Figure 1) and Li (Figure 2), and the harm is also heavier on spring corn spikes that are in the marketing period. In addition, the insect also harms cherries, pomegranates, figs, loquats, apricots, pears, dates, chestnuts, persimmons, apples, longans, lychees and other fruit trees, as well as more than 40 kinds of crops such as sunflowers and corn. Once the insect lays eggs on the fruit, it has caused harm or harm to the fruit, so all localities should do a good job of prevention in advance according to the occurrence and development of peach borer in the local area.
First, the symptoms of peach borer harming peach plum
The damage is caused by the larvae eating the fruit, forming a curve (Figure 3), and the double fruit (Figure 4), multi-fruit and sticker fruit (Figure 5) are more severely affected. After the peach and plum were killed, the fruit was piled with reddish-brown insect feces on the outside, and secreted yellow-brown transparent glue (Figure 6), and the fruit was also filled with insect feces (Figure 7), which was inedible, which seriously affected the yield and quality. The victim fruit is easily yellowed and falls off, and it is often rotten.
Second, the morphological characteristics of the peach borer borer
1. Adults
The body is 9 to 14 mm long, the wingspan is 22 to 25 mm, the whole body is orange-yellow, and the surface of the body wings are scattered with black leopard-like spots of different sizes, with 25 to 28 forewings and 10 to 15 on the hindwings.
2. Eggs
Oval, about 0.6 mm long, with a rough surface and fine micro-circular dots. It is initially milky white, then turns orange-yellow and reddish-brown.
3. Larvae
The old mature larvae (Fig. 8) are about 25 mm long and have a large change in body color, such as light brown, light gray, dark red, etc., with purple red on the back, pale green on the ventral surface, many black-brown bumps on the body surface, and a dark brown head.
4. Pupae
Fig. 6 Glue flowing at the borer hole of the affected peach fruit
Fig. 7 The fruit of plums fed by peach borers is later filled with insect droppings
Fig. 8 Peach borer old mature larvae
Fig. 9 Timely bagging of peaches can prevent peach borer hazards
Oblong oval, about 13 mm long, initially pale yellowish-green, then brown, with a row of small spines on the back of the 5th to 7th segment of the abdomen, and 6 slender curly barbs at the end.
5. Cocoon
Oblong oval, grey-brown.
Third, the occurrence of peach borers
There are large differences in the number of generations of peach borers in China every year, generally 2 to 3 generations occur in the northern region, and 4 to 5 generations occur in the Yangtze River Basin in 1 year. Mature larvae overwinter in a variety of places such as bark cracks, tree holes, soil cracks, stone crevices, horticultural floor cloth, sunflower flower plates, sorghum stalks (ears), corn stalks and so on.
Overwintering adults occur from mid-April to mid-May of the following year, lying still in the leaf bushes or shadows on the back of peach leaves during the day and rainy days, eating nectar, and can also suck the sap of ripe fruits such as peaches and grapes, which have phototropism, strong tendency to black light (not strong for ordinary light), and have a certain tendency to sweet and sour liquid.
Adult insects are nocturnal to cross-tail spawning, egg laying has a certain degree of selectivity on fruit ripeness, early maturing varieties with early eggs, late maturing varieties with late eggs, late ripening peaches than medium ripe peaches with more eggs. The eggs are scattered in the carcass, shoulders, stems, crevices of the two fruits and the shady side of the fruit of the early ripening peach fruit, and hatch into larvas after about 1 week. The egg stage is generally 3 to 6 days.
The first generation of adult insects occurs from early June to mid-July, mainly spawning hazards on the fruits of medium-ripe varieties of peaches, and the first generation of adult insects occurs from late July to early August. The second generation of larvae occurs from mid-July to the end of August, the third generation of larvae occurs from early August to early September, and the second and third generations of adults continue to lay eggs on late-ripening peach fruits and transfer to chestnuts, sunflower discs, late corn, and loquat buds to lay eggs. In mid-to-late October, the last mature larvae crawl to the wintering site to form cocoons for the winter.
2. Larvae
The larvae feed on the flesh from the shoulders or carcasses of the fruit, and there are often several larvae in a peach fruit, and some of the larvae can be transformed into fruit. After 15 to 20 days of larvae ripening, cocoon pupates in the fruit or at the close proximity of the fruit and leaves, and the pupae feathers into adults about 8 days.
The first generation of larvae in the Yangtze River Basin mainly harm peach fruits, and a few endanger plum, pear, apple and other fruits. Most of the second generation of larvae harm peach fruits, some transfers harm crops such as corn, and later generations mainly harm crops such as corn and sunflowers. If there are crops such as corn and sunflowers around the orchard, the harm is aggravated.
Fourth, the main points of peach borer prevention and control
1. Artificial control
During the growth period, the insect fruits found to be damaged should be removed in time, and the insect fruits that fell on the ground in the orchard should be picked up, collected with special fruit bags, and transported out of the garden to destroy or bury deeply, eliminating the larvae in the fruit.
Before the overwintering adults feather, the stalks of host plants such as corn and sunflowers and loquat flowers around the orchard are completely removed and destroyed centrally.
Before autumn fruit harvesting, tie grass on the trunk of the tree to lure the overwintering larvae to concentrate on killing.
2. Trap and kill adults
The use of sweet and sour liquid, black light, frequency vibration insecticidal lamp for booby traps, and if possible, peach borer insecticide can also be used to trap.
3. Bagging of the fruit
Fruit bagging prevents adults from laying eggs and larval pests. Bagging should grasp the timing, generally about 20 days after the flowering, first spray 1 times on the tree 25% urea suspension 2 000 times liquid + 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 ~ 1 000 times liquid, after the fruit is dried, combined with fruit thinning, removal of diseased and insect fruits and deformed fruits, put a special paper bag on the peach fruit (Figure 9), to avoid adult worms directly laying eggs on the fruit. Generally, in mid-to-late May, it is necessary to complete the bagging of medium and late maturing varieties.
4. Biological control
Spray white zombies in peach borer overwintering sites such as corn, sunflower stalks and flower tray build-ups to kill the parasitic overwintering larvae. During the spawning period of adults, corn borer red-eyed wasps are released from the field.
5. Chemical control
Pharmaceutical control is mainly to grasp the prevention and control of the peak period of overwintering generation and first generation adult spawning.
Spraying period: it is best to combine sweet and sour solution to trap adult insects for monitoring, when the continuous lure to adults will start spraying, about 7 days spray once, each generation of spray 2 times.
At the peak of egg laying in the first and second generations of adults, 2.5% high-performance cypermethrin emulsion 1 500 to 2 000 times liquid, or 20% cypermethrin emulsion 2 000 to 4 000 times liquid, or 20% methrin emulsion 2 000 to 3 000 times liquid, or 10% bifenumin emulsion 3 000 to 4 000 times liquid, or 25% urea suspension 1 500 to 2 000 times liquid, or 5% fludine urea emulsion oil 1 000 to 2 times liquid, or 5% flulingurea emulsion oil 1 000 to 2 Sprays such as 000 times liquid, or 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1 500 to 2 000 times liquid, or 1.8% avermectin emulsion 3 000 to 4 000 times liquid, or 35% chloranthropebenzamide water dispersible granules 8 000 times liquid, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days.
Generally, early maturing varieties are sprayed twice, the first in late May and the second in early to mid-June. Medium-ripe varieties are sprayed 3 times, the first time in early June, the second time in mid-to-late June, the third time in early July, such as harvesting in early July, and the third time does not have to be sprayed. Late maturing varieties are sprayed 4 times, the first in early to mid-June, the second in late June, the third in early to mid-July, and the fourth in late July. When spraying, it is better to add silicone or paraffin oil pesticide additives to the liquid. The last dose should be taken to pay attention to the safe interval.
This article is excerpted from Longyuan Journal Network: Scientific Breeding Magazine, Issue 01, 2019 Author: Leng Deliang, Xiao Jianqiang, Wang Dixuan, Guo Sai, Chen Lini