Some time ago
The "net red worm" cone bug was issued
Neighbors have joined the ranks of insect hunters
What the hell is that "cone bug"?
Xiaobian takes everyone to popularize science
(Part 2)
01
What is Trypanosome? What diseases can it cause?
Trypanosomas belong to the family Trichocetes, a family of trypanosomiae, that are protozoa that parasitize fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and human blood or tissue cells. The main trypanosomiasis that pathogenicizes humans are Trypanosoma brucella and Trypanosoma cruzi.
Trypanosoma brucella, also divided into Gambian trypanosoma and Rhodesian trypanosomiasis, is the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis.
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Trypanosomiasis in the Americas.
(Rhodesian trypanosoma under the microscope)
02
What is trypanosomiasis?
Trypanosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by trypanosomiasis and is divided into African trypanosomiasis and Trypanosomiasis of the Americas.
【African trypanosomiasis】
Also known as sleeping sickness, it is a parasitic protozoa disease that is mainly transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Tsetse fly). There are two pathogens, Trypanosoma Gambian and Trypanosoma Rhodesia. Trypanosomiasis is mainly distributed in 24 countries in west and central Africa, accounting for about 97% of reported cases, while Rhodesia trypanosomiasis is mainly distributed in 13 countries in eastern and southern Africa, accounting for about 3% of reported cases. Three cases of imported African trypanosomiasis have been reported in China, and there is no distribution of tsetse flies in China, so the disease will not cause transmission and epidemic in china.
【American trypanosomiasis】
Also known as Chagas disease, it is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Trypanosomiasis is mainly transmitted by the faeces of trypanosomiasis infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, which excrete trypanosomiasis-containing feces when sucking blood, and trypanosomiasis is infected by bites or scratches wounds or into the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth, but also occasionally through contaminated food, blood transfusions, longitudinal transmission, organ transplantation, etc. About 6 to 7 million people worldwide are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, mainly in 18 countries in Central and South America, especially in remote areas of Latin America.
03
What diseases do cone bugs transmit?
Trypanosomiasis is a vector of transmission of trypanosomiasis in the Americas. The subfamily Cone-hunting bugs include more than 130 species in 15 to 17 genera, and insects of this subfamily are blood-sucking species that survive and reproduce by sucking the blood of vertebrates. The Large Roundworm, The Harassing Trichoderma and the Long Red Bug are the main vectors of Trypanosomiasis in the tropical region of the Americas. A similar vector organism (trypanosomia erythematis) exists in China, but no infection with Trypanosoma cruzi has been reported.
04
Why is Trypanosomiasis of the Americas causing widespread concern?
What is a new type of AIDS and how does it resemble AIDS? This is one of the most concerned issues. In fact, trypanosomiasis of the Americas is significantly different from AIDS in terms of etiology, mode of transmission, and extent of epidemic:
First, the routes of transmission are different. AIDS is directly transmitted from person to person, mainly through sexual transmission. Trypanosomiasis of the Americas is transmitted mainly to humans through trypanosomiasis.
Second, the pathogens are different. AIDS is caused by the hiv virus. The pathogen of Trypanosomiasis in the Americas is a protozoa.
Third, the range of prevalence is different. AIDS is global. Trypanosomiasis in the Americas, on the other hand, has only cases of direct transmission through trypanosomiasis, while cases elsewhere are caused by human movement. Currently, China is a non-endemic area of Trypanosomiasis in the Americas and no cases of the disease have been reported.
Fourth, the consequences of the disease are different. There is still a worldwide shortage of effective drugs to cure HIV infection. If trypanosomiasis is used quickly at the beginning of the acute phase (benznidazole and nifurtimo), the cure for these two drugs is almost 100% effective. Early detection and early treatment are essential! In the chronic phase, antiparasitic therapy can also prevent or inhibit the progression of the disease.
What if I get bitten by a cone bug?
Trypanosomiasis is the vector of American trypanosomiasis, not all trypanosomiasis carry trypanosoma cruzi, only in areas where the disease is endemic, there is no need to be too nervous. Cone bug bites can cause skin lesions or bruising and swelling of one eyelid, and some people who have been bitten may experience fever, headache, and even allergic reactions. If you are unwell after being accidentally bitten by a cone bug, you should seek medical attention in time.
end
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"Healthy Shunde" WeChat Editorial Department Source: Fuzhou Disease Control Editor: Qi, Hua