In Our country, there are more places to raise silkworms, basically from south to north, and many farmers not only raise silkworms, but also plant some other cash crops, such as rice, wheat, corn, cotton, etc. Normally speaking, planting mulberry silkworms and other cash crops do not conflict, if used well, it can also increase the comprehensive income of farmers. But some grain, grass, cotton, etc. improper preservation, will be some mite parasitism, these mites into the silkworm house, new problems come, once parasitized on the silkworm, it is easy to induce silkworm tick disease, the incidence of light will make the silkworm cocoon production drop by 10-20%, serious will make the income of silkworm farming drop by more than 50%, the impact on farmers is still relatively large.
Silkworm tick disease may be relatively unfamiliar to some farmers, some may not have heard of this name, but when raising silkworms, it is possible to encounter this silkworm disease, but they are not very clear, the domestic silkworm tick disease in the relatively harmful mites is the bulbous cattail mite. If the silkworm disease appears in the small silkworm stage, the amount of eating of the silkworm will be significantly reduced, and at the same time, it will be difficult to excrete, it will not move in the silkworm seat, and then the body color will begin to darken until it dies, but the silkworm body is not easy to decay; after the silkworm period is recruited, the silkworm will shorten, and there will be black spots, there will be symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, and after the silkworm falls ill and dies, there will be decay; in the stage of pupa and moth, it will also be parasitic by the bulbous belly mite, and the impact brought by this stage is not small. So when raising silkworms, what situations are easy to cause silkworm tick disease? Personally, I think there are four main aspects.
For many small-scale farmers, the silkworm house is not dedicated, for example, after the end of the silkworm in late autumn, the silkworm house will be vacated part of the space for some food crops, such as rice, wheat, corn, etc., mainly because the space at home is limited, feel that the silkworm is not raised for the time being, and if the silkworm house space is not used, it will cause waste. Some farmers will also plant some cotton while raising silkworms, and some will plant cotton in newly built mulberry gardens, although this can appropriately increase the comprehensive income, but it will also bring some adverse effects. When the silkworm house is stacked with cotton, rice, corn and other crops, it is easy to appear some mites, especially the bulbous belly mite, through the host into the silkworm house, some will reproduce and develop indoors, when the farmer begins to raise silkworms, this kind of mite is easy to parasitize in the silkworm, thus inducing silkworm tick disease. Bulbous puppies can not only parasitize in some insects, but also eat corn flour, flour, crushed rice, etc. If there are such conditions in the silkworm house, then there is a high probability of silkworm tick disease in the later stage of silkworm breeding.
Some farmers will grow some cotton at home, may be their own needs, used to make quilts, or other uses, since the planting of cotton, to the harvest period to dry in time, once the time is missed The quality of cotton will be reduced. Some farmers will dry cotton on silkworm tools, tooling, etc., feel that just use the space, resources have been fully utilized, but in fact, it is such an unintentional move, will bring great trouble to the later stage of silkworm breeding, because a lot of cotton lurking in the ball belly mite, some mites will be hidden in silkworm tools, moles in the winter, and when the temperature warms up in the next year, it will begin to be active, unconsciously breeding and developing in the silkworm house, thus making the silkworms attract tick disease. If the local is a cotton-producing area, although there is no cotton planted at home, but the surrounding families have planted cotton, they must also remain vigilant to prevent the bulbous puddle from entering the silkworm seat through various channels, and then induce silkworm tick disease, of course, if there is very little local cotton, or basically none, then the probability of silkworm tick disease will drop a lot.
Before the silkworm seeds are brought, farmers need to disinfect the silkworm house, silkworm tools, etc. 5-7 days in advance, the silkworm house should be cleaned, and sprayed with disinfectant water, if necessary, it should be closed and smoked, and the surrounding area of the silkworm house should also be cleaned up, and the grain and grass should not be stacked. Although these theoretical knowledge many farmers are relatively clear, but in actual operation, some farmers are more sloppy, did not do a thorough cleaning, disinfection, for example, the ceiling of the silkworm house is not cleaned, there are obvious gaps in the windows, doors, etc., these abnormal situations are not treated accordingly, then some mites will survive, and when the silkworm is raised, such mites will be active, once parasitic in the silkworm body, it is easy to appear silkworm wall lice. In fact, if the disinfection of silkworm houses, silkworm tools, etc. is not thorough, some germs will lurk down, especially in the previous season, silkworm disease is more, not only prone to silkworm wall lice disease, but also pus silkworms, zombie silkworms, etc., so farmers must be thorough in cleaning and disinfecting silkworm houses and silkworm tools.
Many farmers do not have too much consideration when choosing a silkworm house, but they just feel that there is an idle room at home, which is not a waste of resources for raising silkworms, and many times some old houses will be used to raise silkworms, so that even if the silkworms are sick, it is not painful to get the silkworm house dirty. Although there is a certain reason from this point of view, if you look at the location of the silkworm house, there are still some improprieties, some dilapidated houses, walls, doors and windows, etc. There may be gaps, gaps, etc., it is difficult to do it thoroughly when disinfecting, and the mites hidden inside are easy to parasitize in the silkworm body in the later stage. For 1-3 years old silkworms, their own resistance is weak, if the silkworm house site selection is improper, the internal wall is relatively simple, it is not easy to clean up, even if the small silkworm stage is relatively smooth, in the 4-year-old silkworm or 5-year-old silkworm, it is easy to induce some silkworm diseases. When choosing a silkworm house, not only to consider the light, ventilation, whether the tide returns, etc., but also to pay attention to the internal and surrounding environment, to be able to create a relatively comfortable environment for the silkworm, if the farmers themselves in the silkworm house for 3-4 hours feel unbearable, then such a space is not suitable for raising silkworms.
Farmers in the silkworm breeding, must not want to appear some silkworm diseases, especially in the late stage of the 5-year-old silkworm, looking at the cocoon, if there is silkworm disease at this stage, then the early stage of hard work is likely to be in vain, relatively light will also appear to reduce production, the income of sericulture will have a greater impact, some are more serious, the income is reduced by more than 80%. Silkworm tick disease is different from silkworm pus, white zombie disease, aspergillosis, etc., and has a more distinctive feature, that is, it is more common in cotton and silkworm mixed production areas, and the transmission route is mainly parasitic, which is similar to silkworm fly maggot disease. Since the understanding of the transmission route of silkworm tick disease, then in the later stage of sericulture, master a certain method and skill, or can be avoided as much as possible, it should be noted that silkworm tick disease currently has no effective treatment measures, can only take the corresponding treatment in the early stage for prevention, personally believe that farmers need to do the following 6 points.
1, silkworm house, silkworm utensils, etc. should not be used to pile cotton
Since the silkworm tick disease is easy to appear in cotton and silkworm mixed production areas, then farmers have to make trade-offs, do not think about planting cotton, but also raise silkworms to get rich, choose one of the two, if you choose to raise silkworms, then rest assured that the silkworms are raised well, and strive for a silkworm seed to pick more than 130 pounds of silkworm cocoons, so that the income brought by a single silkworm seed can be more than 2500 yuan. If you really need to grow cotton at home, then you must isolate the cotton from the silkworm house, silkworm tools, and so on, and you cannot pile cotton, grain, grass, grain crops, etc. in the silkworm house, and you cannot use silkworm tools when drying cotton. In case there is really no other spare place in the family, piled up cotton, grain and grass, etc., it is necessary to clean up before the arrival of the next season of silkworm seeds, at least 20 days in advance, and to thoroughly disinfect and remove mites, for the sake of safety, the number of disinfection should be more than 2 times, the interval between 5-7 days, so that the operation is conducive to eradicating bulbous puddles and some other germs, thereby reducing the probability of silkworm disease.
2. Thorough mite removal work on silkworm houses and silkworm tools
After the end of each season of silkworms, farmers should take care of the silkworm house, silkworm tools, etc., the place to be repaired should be repaired in time, the thrown silkworm tools should be willing to be discarded, after the silkworm tools, tongs, etc. are cleaned up, they should be exposed to the sun, the length of time can not be less than 4 hours, reaching 8-10 hours is more ideal, long-term exposure is conducive to the complete removal of mites, the silkworm tools, tools disinfection and drying, and then placed in the appropriate place. In addition, before the next season of silkworm seeds are about to arrive, it is also necessary to disinfect the silkworm house, silkworm tools, etc. again, and to leave no dead ends, find gaps or rat holes in the silkworm house, and repair them in time, and the silkworm tools, tools, etc. should also be dried, so as not to let the mites have room for survival as much as possible. In addition, before using goose feathers, scissors and other tools, it is necessary to soak in hot water above 80 ° C for 3-5 minutes to prevent the bulbous belly mites lurking in the tools, which is a problem that is easy to encounter in the stage of harvesting ants, as long as the farmers carefully do a good job of removing mites, the probability of silkworm tick disease in the later 4-5 years of age is relatively low.
3. Maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of silkworm houses and silkworm tools at all ages, and pay attention to the disinfection links at all stages
Before raising silkworms, it is necessary to thoroughly disinfect the silkworm house, silkworm tools, etc., this is just a foundation, in fact, from the arrival of silkworm seeds, to the end of the sale of silkworm cocoons, this period is the need for farmers to pay attention to, especially the 1-3 years old silkworm period, due to the small silkworm stage of the silkworm physique is relatively weak, the adaptability to the outside world is not strong, a little careless, it is easy to induce some silkworm diseases. Therefore, in the silkworm period of all ages, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of the silkworm house and silkworm utensils, and after feeding the mulberry leaves, it is necessary to clean and disinfect in time, if there are mulberry leaves that are forgotten in a corner, when the indoor temperature and humidity are abnormal, it is easy to breed germs over time, and it will also induce some silkworm diseases. Whether it is the small silkworm stage or the large silkworm stage, farmers need to do a good job of disinfection, if some silkworm tools, tools, etc. may be lurking in the ball belly mite, it is more important to focus on disinfection. Under normal circumstances, farmers put the sanitary disinfection of each stage in place, the living space of mites is very small, sometimes it can be said that it cannot survive, there is no ball belly mite in the silkworm house and silkworm seat, and the silkworm tick disease is naturally not easy to appear.
4. Silkworm houses and silkworm tools should be used exclusively and properly kept
Some farmers in the silkworm breeding, the reason why there are more diseases, a big factor is the neglect of daily management, silkworm house, silkworm tools, etc. are not dedicated, arbitrariness is too large, such as when there is no silkworm, will be used to pile some daily necessities or food crops, about to raise silkworms and then vacate. Such an operation does not seem to be a problem, but silkworms are more sensitive, and relatively fragile, many germs, mites, etc. are easy to mix in, coupled with the late hygiene disinfection is not thorough, will induce some silkworm diseases, to farmers to bring greater losses. Therefore, we must be dedicated to the silkworm house, silkworm tools, etc., can not be mixed with other, even if there is no silkworm breeding for the time being, do not use the silkworm house, silkworm tools in other places, in addition to the personnel in and out of the silkworm house should also be strictly managed, not everyone can enter the silkworm house, and when entering and leaving, change clothes, shoes and hats, etc., to reduce the outside world to bring germs, mites and so on into the silkworm house.
5. Do a good job of protection during sleep, remove sand in a timely manner, and improve the resistance of silkworms
Silkworm tick disease in different silkworm stages, the impact is not the same, according to the actual situation, the probability of appearing in the small silkworm stage is higher, and the silkworm into the sleeping period, the probability of recruitment is greater, so we should take corresponding preventive measures, to have a certain focus. When the silkworm enters the sleeping period, the farmer should control the temperature and humidity in the silkworm room, the general temperature is 24-28 ° C, the relative humidity is 75%-80%, if the temperature and humidity in the silkworm room during the sleeping period are abnormal, it is also not conducive to the normal sleep of the silkworm, and it should be noted that there can be no external interference, such as silkworm flies, insects, etc. can not fly into the silkworm house. The reason why silkworms are prone to tick disease in the 1-3-year-old stage is mainly because the resistance of silkworms at this stage is weak, so farmers should find ways to improve the physique of silkworms, so that silkworms can eat well on the one hand, and at the same time create a clean and comfortable environment for silkworms, which requires more sand removal, timely cleaning up of silkworm dung, silkworm urine, and residual mulberry leaves, which is more conducive to the growth and development of silkworms.
6. Use corresponding drugs for prevention
Although it is said that when raising silkworms, in case of tick disease, there is no special drug to treat for the time being, but in terms of prevention, certain drugs can still be used, such as killing lice, killing silkworm flies, etc. When raising silkworms, when the silkworm disease occurs, it can be smoked for about half an hour, according to the incidence of the disease, it is not very serious to smoke 2-3 times on it, and the interval needs to be 1-2 days in the middle. In addition, you can also use the extermination of silkworm flies, the extermination of silkworm flies is used to prevent maggot disease, but there is also a good effect in expelling bulbous squirrel mites, but in the use of the method, the multiple of dilution at the 1st instar stage is relatively large, generally more than 1000 times; the 2-year silkworm is relatively thick, but it is also diluted 500-600 times; the amount of 3-year-old silkworms should be appropriately increased, and the multiple of dilution is controlled at 300-350. When using silkworm flies to drive away mites, it is necessary to remove sand in time and replace clean silkworm tools, so that the effect will be more obvious.
In short, the frequency of silkworm tick disease in some areas is higher, according to different silkworm stages, the number of parasitic mites in the silkworm body is different, the impact is also obviously different, if the number of parasites is large, and the duration is longer, then the greater the harm. However, this kind of silkworm disease is not as contagious as sericulture, with a strong contagiousness, as long as the farmers master a certain method, actively and effectively implement the various links, or can reduce the risk of recruitment, no matter what kind of silkworm disease, farmers should have this awareness, that is, pay attention to preventive measures, do not expect any drugs after the emergence of silkworm disease can be treated, because then it is often late.