On the issue of silkworm disease, I believe that farmers have a lot of feelings, many farmers have to quit because of the frequent occurrence of silkworm disease, take our town, there is a silk reeling factory in the town, do not go to a distance to sell the cocoon, at that time it was cash settlement, the enthusiasm of farmers to raise silkworms is very high. In the first few years, there was basically no silkworm disease in sericulture, and many people who had never raised silkworms also had good income, but with the increasing number of farmers, silkworm diseases also increased, and many farmers' silkworm houses and surrounding places were thoroughly disinfected, but silkworm diseases also appeared. Sometimes there are still 2-3 days of time, silkworms can be on the cluster as a cocoon, but there is silkworm disease, a slight light will lead to a decline in cocoon production, the more serious is a large area can not be cocooned, and even a harvest, which is a blow to farmers is really not small. After the emergence of silkworm disease one after another, most of our farmers have chosen to quit one after another, digging up mulberry trees and planting some other crops or Chinese medicinal materials.
It can be said that the frequency of silkworm disease will directly determine whether the farmer continues to raise silkworms, if the zombie silkworm, pus silkworm, etc. appear less, the silkworm cocoon production is guaranteed, plus the price of the silkworm cocoon is appropriate, I believe that the farmer will insist on raising, but if this season after a large area of silkworm disease, the next season is the same situation, then the farmer will consider whether to continue to raise silkworms. According to the seasons, the probability of silkworm disease in the spring is relatively low, and the silkworm in summer and autumn is often the peak of the disease, such as high temperature and high humidity weather, silkworms are easy to become irritable, sometimes induce some silkworm diseases, of course, due to the differences in climatic conditions, breeding technology, silkworm varieties, etc., the probability of silkworm disease is also different. There are currently many types of silkworm diseases, such as viral diseases, such as blood and midgut type of pus, softening disease, etc.; there are more common fungal silkworm diseases, such as white stiffness, green stiffness, etc.; of course, there are bacterial sepsis and so on.
1. Abnormal climatic conditions. Weather factors also have a greater impact on sericulture, such as continuous rainy weather, or high temperature and high humidity weather, which brings great difficulties to the temperature and humidity control of silkworm houses, once the control is in place, it is easy to breed bacteria or make the virus active, thus inducing silkworm disease. We can't change the external weather factors, and what farmers can do is to adjust the temperature and humidity of the silkworm house in time according to the actual situation.
2. Latent viruses or insect eggs. If there are abnormal situations such as zombie silkworms and pus silkworms when raising silkworms in the last season, once the silkworm houses, silkworm tools, etc. are not thoroughly disinfected, then there will be corresponding viruses lurking inside, and the appropriate environment will appear again. In other cases, insect eggs, such as silkworm tools or on mulberry leaves, are propagated in the silkworm house, inducing some silkworm diseases.
3, there is no scientific breeding. Silkworm farming looks simple, to the silkworm to eat enough to eat well, but in fact need to be carefully cared for, greening, small silkworms, large silkworms, clusters and other links have certain operational requirements, more importantly, each stage needs to do a good job of sanitation and disinfection work, if the farmers do not put the work in place, silkworm malnutrition phenomenon, resistance will naturally be low, it is easy to be affected by changes in the external environment silkworm disease.
4. Caused by pesticides or toxic gases. This phenomenon is sometimes more common, especially in the mulberry garden is not continuous, or there are some local chemical enterprises, silkworms are not only sensitive to changes in external temperature and humidity, but also very sensitive to pesticides or toxic gases, once there are pesticide residues on the mulberry leaves, it is easy to appear poisoning symptoms after feeding, which in turn induces a variety of silkworm diseases.
1. Pathogen is transmitted orally. As the saying goes, "disease comes from the mouth", the same is true for silkworm farming, if the silkworm eats mulberry leaves contain bacteria or viruses, then it will multiply in the body of the silkworm, and then it will show up after a certain stage, and then silkworm disease will occur. Oral transmission of pathogens can be said to be the main way of silkworm disease transmission, which requires farmers to do a good job of sanitary disinfection of silkworm houses, silkworm tools, etc., and also to ensure that mulberry leaves are safe and reliable.
2. Direct contact with silkworm body. Like some silkworms have been recruited, but it is not idle, crawling around in the silkworm plaque or silkworm house, many times will be in direct contact with other healthy silkworms, if there is a corresponding thick water flowing on other silkworms, then this virus will spread, and then will make the surrounding original healthy silkworms also show the same symptoms, so once the farmer finds an abnormal situation, to isolate the silkworm and raise separately.
3. Indirect contact with silkworm sand, silkworm tools, etc. Under normal circumstances, silkworm sand is no problem, many farmers also use silkworm sand as organic fertilizer, but if it is the excrement of sick silkworms, it must be careful and cautious, not directly used as fertilizer, let alone poured in the mulberry garden or outside the silkworm house. Silkworm sand and used silkworm tools of diseased silkworms require special treatment, and once corresponding measures are not taken, it is easy to spread silkworm diseases.
4. Spread of insect eggs. Silkworms or mulberry leaves in some insect eggs can not be careless, many times there are often bacteria or viruses that are not conducive to the normal growth of silkworms, some adult insects themselves pose a threat to the growth of silkworms, such as silkworm flies, once this kind of insect eggs are in the mulberry leaves or silkworm houses, then the probability of silkworm disease is greatly increased. Farmers should not only do a good job in indoor sanitation and disinfection, but also strengthen the management of mulberry gardens to reduce pests and diseases.
The blow of silkworm disease to farmers is obvious, especially when the disease is close to the upper cluster, it is even more difficult to accept, after all, no one wants their hard work to be rewarded accordingly. After we understand the causes and transmission routes of silkworm disease, we will find that it will not appear for no reason, the actual silkworm raising process will show certain symptoms, if farmers pay more attention to observation, in the early stage of the disease, it is possible to make some prejudgments, timely take corresponding measures to avoid greater losses. Here are 4 more common methods, you can make some predictions about whether the silkworm is sick or not, and deal with it in a timely manner.
Silkworms will have different odors in different periods, for example, when silkworms are young, due to relatively slow metabolism, there is little odor in the silkworm room, the air is relatively fresh, and the smell is mulberry leaves. If it is in the silkworm stage, that is, the 4-5-year-old stage, the smell smell at this time is different, when the mulberry leaves are not released, there will be a body odor of silkworms in the silkworm room, and the smell of the mulberry leaves can be smelled after feeding the mulberry leaves. If you smell the putrid smell in the silkworm room, it is obviously abnormal, basically there is a diseased silkworm, you need to find the place where the odor is emitted in time, and properly handle it, many times we can judge whether the silkworm has an abnormal situation according to the smell in the silkworm room, and the more sensitive the sense of smell, the more accurate the judgment made by the person.
The listening sound here mainly refers to listening to the sound of silkworm eating, usually, after the silkworm enters the 3rd age, the amount of food will gradually increase, after feeding the mulberry leaves, you can obviously feel that you are eating mulberry leaves, you will make a "rustling" sound, if the time of putting mulberry leaves is delayed than usual, sometimes you can also hear the sound of eating mulberry leaves in a hurry. Once there is no obvious sound when it is time to eat mulberry leaves, or the sound emitted in the silkworm house is high and low, then you have to find the reason, in general, the small voice of the silkworm has signs of illness or weakness, it is recommended that farmers do not leave the silkworm room immediately after feeding the mulberry leaves, but should listen to the sound of silkworm eating softly and slowly.
The method of naked eye observation is more direct, but if the observation has a certain exquisite, first of all, to see the body color of the silkworm, the healthy silkworm is generally blue-white, there is a certain luster, if it looks a little wrinkled or soft, it is likely to be abnormal; secondly, to see whether the silkworm is responsive, there is a very simple test method, gently fan the wind or blow a breath, if the silkworm does not react at all, or the reaction is very slow, usually a precursor to the onset of the disease, the normal silkworm will raise its head, Like some silkworms lying motionless or crawling around, it is also a manifestation of the disease; finally to observe the silkworm feces, normal silkworm feces have a certain hardness, careful observation is dark green, if the discharge is not formed or stuck to the tail, most of them are silkworm disease.
Before using this method, be sure to make sure that your hands are washed, preferably with disinfectant, because it is in direct contact with silkworms, if your hands contain the corresponding virus, it is easy to infect the silkworms. The method of operation is very simple, that is, put the silkworm in the palm of the hand or on the back of the hand, the normal silkworm is a little cool and relatively strong, if the silkworm is soft and spongy, or there is no cool feeling, it is basically a certain silkworm disease, which needs to be isolated.
In the prevention and control of silkworm disease, the focus is on prevention, once the large area appears, it is already unrealistic to rely on "treatment" to reduce losses, just take the pus silkworm, if the disease occurs before the cluster, even if the best medicine is used, it is useless, because it has reached the advanced stage. Therefore, it is necessary for farmers to do the corresponding prevention before the silkworm disease occurs, and can be implemented one by one from the following 6 aspects.
1. Silkworm houses, silkworm tools, etc. should be used exclusively
If you want to raise silkworms for a long time or want to raise silkworms well, you must have a special silkworm house, as far as possible to separate from the human residential area, and also have a special silkworm tool, like some farmers due to limited space at home, there is no special silkworm house, the silkworm house is used to do other things when the sericulture gap period, silkworm tools are the same, temporarily can not be used when they are used elsewhere. This situation seems to improve the utilization rate of resources, but the hidden dangers are not small, more secure is that the silkworm house, silkworm tools, etc. need to be dedicated, even if the gap period is not available in other places, and it is best to have special personnel to deal with these.
2. Do a good job of sanitation and disinfection of silkworm houses, silkworm tools, and surrounding environment
Sanitation and disinfection is an essential measure to prevent silkworm disease, this operation is throughout the entire breeding process, in the first 1-2 days before the arrival of silkworm seeds, it is necessary to clean the silkworm house and the surrounding environment, the cleaned garbage should not be dumped nearby, it needs to be treated off-site, if the silkworm appears more than 2 times in the last season, at least 2 times or more, the interval between 3-5 days. The disinfection of silkworm utensils can not be ignored, generally after the use of disinfection and cleaning, the next time you use it in advance to clean and dry, it is better to dry it in the sun, of course, it depends on whether the weather at that time is cooperative.
3. Establish rules and regulations to do a good job in the management of the entry and exit of silkworm houses
Sericulture needs to maintain a certain sense of mystery, in the entire process of sericulture, sericulture house can not be casually in and out, personnel in and out frequently, it is easy to bring in some bacteria or viruses, even if it is their own family, there must be certain rules and regulations. For example, the body sprayed with perfume, the smell is relatively strong, this situation is far away from the silkworm house, personnel in and out of the need to use disinfectant to wash their hands, change special shoes, clothes, etc., only the establishment of the corresponding rules and regulations, and all abide by together, so as to reduce the probability of silkworm disease.
4. Implement the co-breeding of small silkworms and implement good mulberry to eat
In the prevention of silkworm disease, the better way is to increase the resistance of silkworms, so that the silkworms grow strong, farmers have to think of ways, 1-3 years old stage, the silkworm is raised well, lay a good foundation is more critical, wait until more than 4 years old to remedy it is a little late. If the farmer feels that his management experience is insufficient, he can consider the co-breeding of small silkworms, let the local experienced farmers deal with it, the small silkworm stage is raised, the later stage will save a lot of trouble, coupled with the timely and sufficient feeding of high-quality mulberry leaves, the size of the silkworm body will be significantly increased, the size and quality of the silkworm cocoon will also be improved, and more importantly, it is not easy to be infected with silkworm disease.
5. Remove sand in a timely manner and control the temperature and humidity of the silkworm room
Most of the farmers to adopt the silkworm breeding model, are the need to remove sand, that is, to regularly clean up the silkworm excrement, mulberry leaf stems, etc., replaced by clean silkworm plaques, to create a good growth environment for silkworms, in general, in the sand removal will be in the new silkworm plaque evenly sprinkled with fresh lime powder, but also have to pay attention to the treatment of silkworm sand, can not be disposed of at will. Another factor that is very important for the prevention of silkworm disease is to control the temperature and humidity of the silkworm house, which requires farmers to make reasonable adjustments according to the actual local situation to ensure that the silkworm has a comfortable growth environment.
6. Rational use of antibiotics
After entering the 3-year-old, in order to enhance the physique of silkworms, you can consider using some antibiotics, the use of more is chloramphenicol, in use must first read the instructions, in strict accordance with the instructions, can not arbitrarily increase the amount of use, follow the principle is only less can not be more. In order to be safe, farmers can consider a small range of trials, to determine that there is no abnormality and then use a large area, generally the antibiotics are first mixed with water according to the corresponding comparison, and then sprayed on the mulberry leaves with tools, which need to be stirred evenly and then fed to the silkworms.
In short, the formation of silkworm disease is a variety of factors, if there is an abnormal phenomenon in the process of sericulture of a small number of farmers, it is necessary to find the cause from themselves, and then correct it, but if it is a number of local farmers at the same time silkworm disease, it must be paid attention to, if necessary, find relevant parties to assist in handling. No matter what kind of silkworm disease is not what farmers want to see, in order to reduce the occurrence of diseased silkworms in the process of sericulture, farmers need to do some preventive measures, as long as they are seriously implemented in place, many silkworm diseases can still be avoided.