Since entering the public eye, after years of development of goat milk, there are still many problems in the upstream milk source, such as insufficient milk source construction and poor quality of dairy goats.
In order to solve the upstream problems and promote the development of the sheep milk industry, under the joint efforts of national policies and dairy enterprises, changes have been made to domestic dairy goat breeds. For example, importing good breed sheep from abroad for next-generation breeding or importing good breed dairy goats to increase milk production.
In the past two years, many enterprises have invested heavily in importing dairy goats from abroad and transporting them to China through charter flights and other modes of transportation.
Imported dairy goats
In order to improve the breed of dairy goats and further improve the quantity of dairy goats and the quality of goat milk, Chengbu County has successively introduced high-quality dairy goat breeds such as Bordeaux sheep and Tugenbao sheep from abroad in recent years. It is also planned that in the second half of this year, 400 to 600 high-quality dairy goats will be introduced from New Zealand.
At the same time, according to Lanzhou Customs, on April 16 this year, a cargo charter flight from Australia to Lanzhou carried 1503 breeding goats to Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport, which was the third direct charter flight of Gansu as a northwest inland city to introduce Australian breeding sheep.
Wu Da, director of the Animal and Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine Department of Lanzhou Customs, said that during the quarantine period, Lanzhou Customs will arrange for official veterinarians to conduct 24-hour on-site supervision, collect blood from the head of the dairy goats for breeding, and conduct laboratory testing and quarantine diagnosis. After the expiration of the quarantine period, all healthy and qualified dairy goats will be transported as excellent breeds to Shaanxi and other places for population breeding.
In July this year, the fourth batch of imported dairy goats introduced by Red Star Meiling from New Zealand was stationed at The Dairy Goat Breeding Base in Shanxi after a 45-day quarantine period. Since last year, after red star meiling formulated the "good breed introduction" plan, it has invested in four batches to introduce sanen, alps and Tuggenburg dairy goats.
Public information shows that the world's goat milk comes from dairy goats and dairy sheep. European countries have the earliest quality dairy goats, these countries raise dairy goats, although the number is relatively small, but the average milk production is very high, such as the world-famous Alpine goat, Sanen goat, Tugenborough goat and other high-quality dairy breeds, its dairy goat breeding and processing of the degree of industrialization is also high, the production of fresh milk is mostly used to make cheese and other sheep dairy products.
For the results after the introduction of imported dairy goats, Dr. Lian Song of the Red Star American Antelope Dairy Goat Breeding Technology Department introduced that the first three batches of dairy goat breeds were well produced under the scientific breeding of technical personnel. Ewes have successfully produced more than 100 purebred lambs, lambs are physically strong, birth weight and later growth and development are significantly better than native lambs, at the same time, half of the imported ewes are still pregnant.
He also pointed out that the import of more than 450 New Zealand Sanen dairy goats about 10 months old is once good, the lactation characteristics are obvious, and it is planned to breed after about 45 days of conditioning and adaptation, and the number of New Zealand Sanen dairy goats in the Red Star American Antelope Dairy Goat Breeding Base will double in early March next year.
Improve the quality of dairy goats
As we all know, the domestic dairy goat breeding starting point is low, the foundation is weak, the scale of breeding is small, the feeding mode in some areas is still mainly free range, the coverage rate and yield level of farmers' dairy goats are low, the breeding method is relatively backward, and the gap is larger than that of developed countries, so that there are certain resource restrictions in the development of the sheep dairy industry.
At the same time, due to the current lack of milk source construction, the foundation is relatively weak, the relationship between supply and demand is unbalanced, taking last year and this year as an example, the price of goat milk has fluctuated sharply, there is no stable milk price, which has an impact on the enthusiasm of many goat milk farmers, and at the same time has a certain restriction on the development of dairy enterprises.
According to relevant data, in 2017, the total output of Shaanxi Province was 550,000 tons, and the total number of dairy goats was 2.4 million, with an average yield of 500 kg/year per animal. The total output of Shandong Province is 190,700 tons, and the stock of dairy goats totals 1,324,500, with an average yield of 360kg/year per animal. The total annual output of Yunnan is 98,500 tons, and the stock of dairy goats totals 613,300, with an average yield of 273.6 kg/year per animal.
From the perspective of enterprises, taking the Red Star Meiling, which started from Shaanxi Goat Milk, as an example, according to the Red Star Meiling Prospectus, at the current stage, the domestic dairy goat population has a high degree of degradation, and the yield is seriously lower than the foreign average.
Zhang Longxi, executive director and general manager of Yangling Sheep Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd., told Dairy Finance that the soul of the farm is sheep, no matter how good the facilities are, the quality problems of the sheep cannot be solved, and they are all dangerous buildings.
At the same time, he also pointed out that in terms of production performance, production performance is not good, eating the same amount of forage feed, the final milk yield will be very different, and the disease resistance will also be very different.
Therefore, in the prospectus, Red Star Meiling clearly pointed out that the company's overall development plan includes 2015-2020, absorbing social funds and cooperating with poverty alleviation forces, expanding to upstream breeding, breeding and other fields, vigorously building its own milk source, and strengthening external milk source control.
Moreover, domestic policies are also vigorously supporting the optimal development of the dairy goat industry. According to the "Reply to Recommendation No. 6223 of the Second Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress" released on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will work with relevant departments to take dairy goats as an important breakthrough point in promoting the structural reform of the supply side of the dairy industry and promote the development and growth of the dairy goat industry.
For example, the response includes a sound breeding system for fine breeding. Continue to support the selection and expansion of Guanzhong dairy goats, Xinong Saneng dairy goats, Laoshan dairy goats and other breeds, and create a core breeding population of high-yield dairy goats. Vigorously introduce and breed fine breed dairy goats, build fine breeding expansion farms and breeding sites in dairy goat base counties, increase the promotion of fine breeds, and improve the yield level of dairy goats.
The government of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province, has also issued 8 decisions and support measures to accelerate the construction of the whole industrial chain of dairy goats. For example, support eligible enterprises to directly introduce fine breeding dairy goat breeding sheep from abroad, a one-time subsidy of 3,000 yuan per sheep (more than 50 breeding sheep are introduced at a time, and breeding sheep enjoying subsidies cannot be sold within 3 years) and support the construction of artificial insemination stations for dairy goats.
It is still necessary to continue to deepen the upstream industry
However, at present, there are still some technical problems in the domestic sheep milk breeding industry that need to be broken, and the breeds of dairy goats introduced from abroad are mainly divided into breeding the next generation of breeding sheep and milk-producing sheep with efficient lactation, but compared to dairy sheep, most of the breeding industry tends to introduce breeding sheep.
In this regard, Zhang Longxi believes that due to the impact of import costs and difficulties, enterprises are more inclined to purchase breeding sheep. Purchasing dairy sheep requires large quantities, but it is difficult to supply in the international market, or it is not cost-effective.
Moreover, at present, there are few very stable ways and targets for buying sheep in China, because there is no very stable large-scale pasture, most of the acquisition is a scattered purchase of sheep, affected by the immature current standardized feeding, the acquired flock grows up in different breeding environments, the previous breeding environment, feeding methods, hidden infectious diseases, and even social relations are not unified, and the introduction of sheep is the most difficult in the breeding process, and there will be great risks and losses in the process of buying sheep and grouping.
At the same time, in terms of breeding technology, the current artificial intervention breeding technology of goats is not perfect, such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer, which hinders the rapid expansion of high-quality populations.
For the difference between the advantages between different breeds of dairy goats, Zhang Longxi said: "The original domestic breeds such as Saneng dairy goats are very good, but for many years the domestic breeding attention is not high, the awareness of farmers and herdsmen is weak, with the support of a professional team, it is completely possible to improve it." In contrast, the so-called new varieties, the introduction of other new varieties after all, there is a lot of improvement work to follow up, the improvement process consumes manpower, material resources, time costs are very large, but often the concept of new varieties has a natural advantage in marketing support and government projects."
In general, the sheep milk industry still needs to continue to pay attention to upstream construction, such as the imbalance between supply and demand and the unspecificization of the breeding industry, which is not good for both the breeding industry and dairy enterprises. Moreover, most of the raw goat milk sources of sheep milk enterprises are mostly collected from external milk sources, which does not exclude the occurrence of diseases and milk production declines of dairy goats, which in turn affects the quality of raw goat milk and the shortage of raw materials supply in dairy enterprises.
Through the construction of self-built milk source bases and the introduction of dairy sheep breeding methods, the pressure of milk sources from upstream will be greatly reduced, and the ability to control the quality of milk sources will be further improved while ensuring the stability of milk sources by dairy enterprises, and the space for future development of dairy enterprises will be improved.
Produced by Dairy Media