Text/Mao Tianzhe
In Lü Zuqian's research, there is an unavoidable question that has puzzled people for many years, whether the Lize Academy, founded by Lü Zuqian and praised by the Qing Dynasty historian Quan Zuwang and the four major academies of the Southern Song Dynasty, was founded in Jinhua City or in Wuyiming Zhaoshan.
Professor Pan Fuen, a doctoral supervisor at Fudan University and an expert in the history of philosophy, and his protégé Mr. Xu Yuqing published a preliminary study of Lü Zuqian's Thought in 1984, saying: "Lü Zuqian and his brother Lü Zujian founded Lize Academy in MingzhaoShan..." And this sentence has become the so-called basis for a group of people and books to say that "Ming Zhao Shan has Lize Academy". I think this is just a kind of false rumor that the real Lize Academy was founded in The Ancient Wucheng And has a history of nearly 500 years.
Lü Zuqian founded Lize College
Lize Academy, formerly known as Lize Hall, is also called Lize Shutang. It was the place where Lü Zuqian (1137-1181), a famous thinker, historian, writer and educator of the Southern Song Dynasty, lectured and learned from the beginning of the Song Dynasty (about 1165-1166). Lü Zuqian's place of friendship was the official house borrowed by his great-grandfather Hou Lü Haowen of Donglai Commandery when he moved south with his family from Kaifeng to Jinhua during the Jianyan period.
According to Song Lou Key's Records of the Ancestral Hall of the Taishi of Donglai Lu, "its land was on the side of Guangxiaoguan (after the school in Qinghua County, the present-day northeast of the city), and scholars from all four sides were trained here." Because the house is adjacent to the second lake, it is named "Lize", which is called "Lize Book Hall".
The name "Lize" is taken from the "Zhou Yi" "Redemption" symbolism: "Lize, Redemption." Gentlemen teach as friends. "Lize means that the two zezes are connected, and its water exchange is like a gentleman's friend exchanging knowledge and doctrine through lectures.
According to the correspondence between Lü Zuqian and Zhu Xi in the Complete Works of Donglai, jin hualize hall was founded in the autumn of the fifth year (1169) of song qiandao. Qiandao was completed in the spring of the sixth year, and it was the eighth day of the first month of May in the year, and the completion celebration was held. The letter clearly states that Lizetang was a county office "Shuzhai" built by Lü Zuqian in order to revitalize Jinhua education, and the county allocated public funds to build it. Zhu Xi wrote a letter proposing to name it "Zunxian Hall", but Lü Zuqian went to the letter and politely refused, and he named it "Lize Hall" based on the allusion of the "I Ching" gathering friends to discuss the Tao.
Li ze, exchange. Gentlemen teach as friends.
Lü Zuqian formulated the rules of study for Li Ze Shutang, and took "filial piety, faithfulness, reason, and deeds" as the basic principles, and if any of the students were "living in another place, not being buried, gathering because of funerals, suing for wealth, infringing on public property, noisy houses, wandering and misconduct", they were ordered to withdraw from school.
He also compiled textbooks for Shutang, such as "Dong Lai Zuo Clan Bo Discussion" (twenty-five volumes) and "Recent Thoughts" (fourteen volumes). The college is based on "paying attention to the purpose of the scriptures and practicing reasoning". The teaching adopts the method of combining individual research, mutual questions and answers and crowd explanations, and the trend of discussion and discussion is very popular.
The College teaches 2-3 times a month and holds examinations once a year. Lü Zuqian's disciples were Lü Zujian, Ye Yi, Lou Fang, Qiao Xingjian, Wang Han, Qi Ruhu, Wang Shenyuan, Li Dayou and 89 others.
Lü Zuqian_From the Temple of Confucius
During the Song Dynasty of Emperor Xiaozong's Qiandao and Chunxi periods, Lü Zuqian, along with Zhu Xi and Zhang Yu, was known as the "Three Sages of southeast china". Lü Zuqian was the founder of the Jinhua School and the pioneer of the Zhejiang And Eastern School of the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition to teaching apprentices and writing books and teachings in Lize Shutang, he also invited the famous scholars at that time, such as Zhu Xi, Zhang Yu, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Jiuling, Xue Jiyi, Ye Shi, and Chen Liang, to come to lecture in order to discuss scholarship and exchange ideas. Later, Lü Zuqian returned this house to the official palace and set up a new residence in the northern corner of the city, and the Lize Hall, where the members of the Society, were also moved north.
The academic activities of Li Ze Zhu Confucians run through the entire historical change process of "Li Ze". Since Lü Zuqian was serving in Yanling (present-day Jiande) at that time, the teaching of Lizetang was composed of Zhu Ximen Pan Shudu, Pan Shuchang, Lü Zujian, Lü Zutai and a group of scholars from Jinhua.
In the second year of the Song Dynasty (1196 AD, 14 years after Lü Zuqian's death), the chancellor Han Nongxin, in order to exclude dissidents, falsely accused the theory that arose in the Southern Song Dynasty as a "pseudo-science" and strictly prohibited it, which was called the "Qingyuan Party Case" in history. As many as 59 people were persecuted as many as 59 ministers and famous Confucians. Lü Xue was also among the banned cases. Lü Zujian and Lü Zutai were both exiled. After 10 years, in the second year of Song Kaixi (1206 AD), Emperor Ningzong of Song killed Han Xuan. The party case was also revealed.
In the Qingyuan Party case, Emperor Ningzong of Song declared Taoism a pseudo-science and forbade the spread of Taoism.
The following year, twenty-seven years after Lü Zuqian's death (Jiading first year, 1208), lü's men requested the government to set up one of Lü Zuqian's former residences (belonging to the official house) next to the Guangxiao Temple as a hall for Lü Zuqian. The governor Li Dayi agreed to this request and paid half a million yuan to rebuild the Lize Library and The Lü Zuqian Ancestral Hall here. There are more than ten houses in total, including five outer doors, three each of which are ancestral rooms and three in the front hall. The former is a church, with a plaque of "Lize Academy" hanging on it; the latter is the "Testament Cabinet", which is used to hide the works of Lü Zuqian's life.
During the Duanping period (1234-1236), the Lü clan men also rebuilt the Lü Zuqian ancestral hall in the Lize Academy into the "Lü ChengGong Ancestral Hall", with the main worship of Lü Zuqian the Duke of Lü Zuqian and the zhongzhong Gong Lü Zujian. A group of Scholars and Lü's men in Jinhua submitted a message to the county, suggesting that half of the public houses in Jinhua City rented by Lü Zuqian's grandfather Lü Yizhong be set aside to commemorate the construction of a shrine for Lü Zuqian. Zhijun Li Dayi allocated a huge amount of money and sent a powerful official to build it, which was dedicated to the writings of the Lü clan, and set up a college, with a plaque hanging "Lize Academy" and the old name of "Lize Hall" to be stored.
In 1246, Xu Yinglong of Wuzhou Zhizhou rebuilt lize academy and moved to the banks of Shuangxi, asking Emperor Lizong of Song to give a plaque to Zhao Yun. During the Baoyou period (1253-1258), Shi Shaozhang (Jinhua), a member of the Lüzu Qianmen Dynasty, served as the head of the Lize Academy (the abbot of the academy). In the fifth year of Jingding (1264), he also invited the famous scholar He Ji (Jinhua) to be the head of Lize Academy. Later, the famous scholar Wang Bai (Jinhua) served as the chair of Lize College, and at that time, many elderly masters in Jinhua's urban and rural areas also came to the academy to perform the gifts of disciples. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Xian Chun Yi Ugly (1265), Lize Academy was moved to the former site of the Outer Yinguang Temple (commonly known as Yiwu Gate) (around the present-day Lize Lane in the east of the city), and the site has not changed since then.
Hand-painted map of Jinhua City in the Republic of China
Seven years after Wang Bai's death, the Southern Song Dynasty collapsed, and Lize Academy was taught by Jin Luxiangsi. Jin Luxiang was a disciple of He Ji and was the backbone of the Jinhua School. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he lived in seclusion and concentrated on lecturing at Lize Academy, writing concurrently, continuing to teach and develop "Wuxue", and actively cultivating successors until his death. The famous scholars of the Yuan Dynasty, Xu Qian (Jinhua) and Liu Guan (Lanxi), were the people who came out of his door.
By the 31st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1294), the government had overhauled the Lize Academy, and Wang Longze had written the "Record of the Xiu Lize Academy" to Be yushi. During the Daedeok period (1297-1307), the academy was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt in the first year (1335-1340). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it was destroyed by fire. During the Ming Dynasty (1457-1464), Lü Jisheng and Lü Chonglian, descendants of the Lü Dynasty, rebuilt the academy and recovered the occupied xuetian. In the third year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1467), the Zhejiang capital commanded the envoy Si Youshi Xin to visit and ordered Li Si, the prefect of Jinhua, to be responsible for rebuilding Lize Academy, and Wei Ji wrote the "Monument to Rebuilding Lize Academy" to record his events.
In the fourteenth year of Jiajing (1536), Inspector Yushi Zhang Jing also ordered Wang Fang of Jinhua Province to be responsible for rebuilding Lize Academy. He was also provided by Li Ze Academy to create Taoism from Zhu Xi, Zhang Yu and Lü Zuqian in Wuzhou. The descendants of the Lü clan also moved the Lü Cheng Ancestral Hall, which was originally in the north of Guangxiaoguan, to the right side of Fenshou Road (after Qinglizheng Academy, now the former north of Shogun Road). By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Lize Academy was finally destroyed by soldiers. Since the establishment of the Lize Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty, through the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Lize Academy has coexisted for 478 years.
Lü Zuqian founded Lize College as the beginning of Wuxue and the beginning of Zhejiang Studies
A large number of works by Lü Zuqian, the quintessence of the Southern Song Dynasty's "Wuxue" culture, have been treasured in the library of Jinhuahuaze Academy, and during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, they were collected by Ji Xiaolan and compiled into the "Four Libraries complete book". When we are engaged in the study of Lü Zuqian's science and culture, we often see the distinction of "Ming Zhao Scholars" and "Li Ze Zhu Confucians". "Ming Zhao Scholar" refers to the disciples who learned from Lü Zuqian to Wuyi Ming Zhaoshan; "Li Ze Zhu Confucian" refers to the theoretical celebrities who studied Lü Zuqian, Lü Zujian, Lü Zutai and were active in Jinhua "Li Ze Tang" and "Li Ze Academy" and inherited the culture of the "Jinhua School".
Because during Lü Zuqian's "Ding Worry", he gathered disciples to give lectures several times in Wuyi Mingzhao Mountain. Because the Lü family had five generations in the Song Dynasty, a 17-person jinshi, the Reputation of the Lü family was famous throughout the country. Therefore, during Lü Zuqian's funeral at Mingzhao Mountain, the disciples gathered more and more, even outside the prefecture and county, and the grand situation was extraordinary. How many students are there? The protégé Gong Feng has a poem that says: "The same door to a thousand hundred". Another protégé, Chen Liangyou, said in the poem: "There are hundreds of protégés." It is well documented that among the Ming Zhao students, there are more than 20 famous eunuchs of Chenghong Confucianism, more than 80 disciples of the Ming Dynasty, and more than 150 people with attainments, of which 10 Ming Zhao scholars are listed in the "Jiaqing Wuyi County Chronicle" as Wuyi scholars. This also created the illusion that Lü Zuqian had founded the "Lize Academy" in Wuyiming Zhaoshan.
However, as far as I know, there are no names such as Lize Academy and Lize Shutang in Wuyi Mingzhao Mountain and Mingzhao Temple. From the 40 volumes of the "Collected Writings of The Taishi of Donglai Lü" and the "Annals of The Duke of Donglai Lü Chenggong (Qian)" written by Lü Zujian, as well as the correspondence between Lü Gong's friends and protégés, there is no mention of Wuyi lize academy and other words. If so, it is impossible for these people not to write down pieces of words.
Wuyi Ming Zhao Shan Lü Zuqian Cemetery
Because Lü Zuqian was twice in Mingzhao Mountain and "guarded the tomb", it was natural to study and do learning alone during the tomb guard. Students from all over the world come to ask questions and learn, and it is no harm to occasionally talk about learning. At that time, due to the discipline of the imperial court, it was impossible to openly establish a private academy. In view of the fact that Song Dynasty Science itself was filial piety, Lü Zuqian was a confucian who attached great importance to filial piety, and it was no longer moral to often interact with people at the tomb. Helpless students flocked to the school, not to go, pay attention to the merits of Lü Zuqian can not bear to dispel the aspirations of many students to study, so he braved the insult of "desertion" and the persuasion and accusations of Lu Jiuyuan and others, insisted on lecturing (Pan Fuen et al., "Lü Zuqian Commentary" p28 and Lü and Lu Zhi's letters).
Lecturing at Mingzhao Mountain was Lü Zuqian's private act, and he could not do it with great fanfare, nor would he naturally play any banner such as "Lize Academy". In fact, this is something that even I would not think about, in Lu Zuqian's own words, it is "to send a little son from Yu you."
After Lü Zuqian's death until 1208, first Wuxue, then the Yongkang school and the Yongjia school were criticized by Zhu Xi and others, and then the qingyuan party banned nationwide, calling southern Song Dynasty science "pseudoscience", and demeaning and exiled 59 leading figures and famous scholars of various schools of science. Lü Zujian and his brother Lü Zutai and Chen Fuliang, Ye Shi, Zhu Xi and others all suffered from this difficulty. This is a well-known event in the History of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, during this period, although there were a number of Lü Zuqian's protégés and admirers in Wuyi and other places, they did not dare to rush to play any brand such as "Lize Academy and Mingzhao Academy" to avoid begging for food.
The Ming dynasty Xue Xuan made Lü Zuqian's portrait praise
It is also impossible for Ming Zhaoshan to use the name of Lize Academy. Since 1208, when the official house where Lü Zuqian once lived was supported by the government to be built as the "Lize Academy", until the history of more than 400 years at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Wuzhou County's Official's Office dedicated to the Lize Academy, and the eight counties under the county were naturally clear, and no one dared to transfer or give the name of the Lize Academy to MingZhaoshan, otherwise not only did the county rule offend the public anger of the county government and its scholars, but also violated the will of the "Lize Academy" plaque given by Emperor Lizong of Song in 1246.
Moreover, within a hundred miles of the same county, using the same name and concerning the same person is also a great disrespect to the Lü Zuqian brothers. It is also inconvenient to use inside and outside Wuzhou. Grabbing people's favor is something that the ancient Wuyi government and scholars despised. By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty (1165-1189), the academy had developed to the stage of private official assistance, and after the Southern Song Dynasty in 1208, the official was more involved in the management of the academy. After the Yuan Dynasty, the head of the academy was already officially appointed. Therefore, in the same state, it is impossible to form a "Lize Academy" between the county and the county.
Before the Qing Dynasty, the county-run academy, no matter how big or small, was a major local event, and the county history would be recorded in a stroke, and its name would never be omitted, which was common sense. If Wuyi Mingzhaoshan has a title such as "Lize Academy", Wuyi County Zhishijia Yan can not remember. Most historians are Confucians, and it is impossible for Confucians in one county and one county to know the "academy" Confucianism of their own counties.
It is said that although Professor Pan Fuen is a native of Wenzhou, he does not know that Wuyi is the first stop of the Jinwen Railway, nor does he know that Mingzhao Mountain is on the outskirts of Wuyi County. Mr. Pan may have regarded Wuyiming Zhaoshan as an old site on the outskirts of Guwu City, mistakenly believing that ancient academies were usually built in the foothills of beautiful mountains and rivers, but Lize Academy was in the old mansion of JinhuaFu City, which showed that he was only a person engaged in the research of "old paper piles".
According to reports, Wang Wenzheng, a Wuyi man (deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the county party committee and chairman of the County Federation of Literary and Art Circles), once said to Professor Pan Fuen in his "Preliminary Study of Lü Zuqian's Thought": "Lü Zuqian and his brother Lü Zujian founded Lize Academy in Mingzhao Mountain..." This argument expressed his dissent and asked Professor Pan for advice. Professor Panfuen later accepted this comment and wrote back: "... When the book is republished in the future, it should be revised to 'Lü Zuqian's brother Ju Ming Zhaoshan lectured and created Lize Academy in Jinhua City...' The author's omissions have been corrected by you, and I am deeply grateful. "
Pan Lao's academic heart is broad, which can be seen from this. However, the word "Wuyi" was not added before the three words "Ming Zhao Shan", and it seems that Pan Lao still had not yet figured out that Wuyi Ming Zhao Shan and Jinhua City belonged to two counties.
It can be seen that doing scholarship is a very rigorous thing, and some white-and-white assertions will be revered as "truth" once they are touched by the so-called "expert professors", and people will also be clouded, widely circulated, and misled people's children. But as a Jinhua, as a student who had studied in the middle school on the edge of the old site of "Lize Academy", I still firmly believe in this view, that is, Wuyi Mingzhaoshan or Mingzhao Temple did not run "Lize Academy", and the real "Lize Academy" was founded in GuwuCheng, my beautiful hometown Jinhua.