Jian Jian
From his succession to his death, jian Jian was only twenty years short. But in this short period of twenty years, this small country founded by the Xianren people, under the leadership of Zhi Jian, quickly unified the huge territory of the north at a rapid speed like thunder and explosion. From the Sassanid Persian border in the west to the Goguryeo border in the east, from the desert in the north to the Bashu in the south, the battle flag of Former Qin is flying everywhere. Although the former Qin state was not long, former Qin bloomed the most brilliant flower of life like an overdraft of itself in the past twenty years. Throughout the Period from the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms to the Northern Dynasty, no other minority regime had such a large territory.
Huge territory of Former Qin
The focus of this article is not to describe how the Battle of Shuishui was, but to focus on the efforts and contributions made by Jian Jian to develop into the prestigious Northern Great Qin with the help of a weak and small regime.
Jian Jian was born into a prominent Former Qin imperial family from an early age: his grandfather was Emperor Huiwu Gonghong; his uncle was Emperor Ming Jian; and his father was King Gongxiong of the East China Sea. Legend has it that Jian Jian was born with a vision of birth, with the words "Cao Fu Chen and Tu Wang Xianyang" on the back. It probably means that this child will build a foundation in Xianyang in the future. This sentence is a broken word: caofu is 苻, and subject and soil are traditional characters. You must know that at that time, the Zhi clan had not yet established a country, so the family attached great importance to him.
Jian Jian has been smart and clever since he was a child, and he is very good at learning. Whether it is to treat people and objects or to ride a bow horse to shoot, they actively learn. At the age of 8, he offered to ask a teacher to teach Confucianism, which was rare in the wuhu war years. Under the guidance of his teacher, Xiao Zhijian studied hard and grew up to become a well-known all-rounder of literature and martial arts.
The Book of Jin, Volume 13, Book 13, records: 苻健, Zi Yonggu, a Wenyu, son of Xiong. Zu Hong, from Shi Jilong migrated to Yi, home in Yongguili. His mother, Gou Shi, tasted the water of Zhangshui and prayed for her son at the Ximen Leopard Shrine, and her night dreams were intercourse with the gods, so she became pregnant and was born in December. There is a divine light from the sky candle in its court. There is red text on the back, hidden into words, and the arm of "Cao Fu Chen and Tu Wang Xianyang" is hanging down to his knees, and his eyes have purple light. Hong Qi and love, known as Jiantou. At the age of seven, he is intelligent and generous, and his behavior is not excessive. On each side of the flood, measure the flood measures, take and do not miss the opportunity. Hong Zhiyi said, "This child has a magnificent posture, excellent quality, and is very similar"
At the moment when Jian Jian had just ascended to the throne, there were many separatist regimes in northern China, and the Former Qin of the Qi people was not outstanding. Not to mention that compared with the Former Zhao established by the Xiongnu and the Later Zhao established by the Xiongnu, even compared with the Former Yan and Tuoba States of the Xianbei Murong Department at the same time, there was no special advantage. Moreover, there are also warlords like wall-like warlords Zhang Ping, Qiuchi Yangshi, and Qianliang around them. To make matters worse, there was a major drought in Qin just before Jian Jian took the throne. Faced with internal and external troubles, where did the young emperor go?
Former Qin surrounded by strong neighbors
At this time, the country of Former Qin was in chaos: first of all, the Hu and Han people in the Guanzhong Plain were mixed, and the ethnic contradictions were very sharp; second, the Qiang people, who did not know what the law was, were rampant and lawless; the drought that lasted for a long time, and the people did not have a good life. Jian Jian was faced with such a scorching scene. Dong Rong, Zhao Shao, and others, the former emperor's confidants, did evil deeds and oppressed the good, and the people were extremely indignant. Jian Jian quickly eliminated these black sheep and promoted a large number of Han officials to enrich the official system. In doing so, it not only alleviated sharp social contradictions, but also cultivated its own concubine officials.
The reason why Jian Jian achieved such great success in the early stage was inseparable from Wang Meng. It was under the administration of Han officials headed by Wang Meng that social order was quickly restored. Wang Meng was as important to Jian Jian as Guan Zhong was to Duke Huan of Qi. "If Wang Meng rules the country, Guan Zhongye of Jian Jian will be managed."
The Book of Jin, Vol. 14, Records 14 records that "the government was just, the corpses were exiled, the stagnant was pulled out, the xianxian, the external military reform, the internal comprehensive Confucianism, the persuasion of nongsang, the teaching of honesty, the innocence but not the punishment, the talentless and the non-responsible, the Xianxi, the hundred and the time." So the soldiers strengthened the country and became rich, and the strength of the army was also high, and the strength of the fierce force was also. Jian Yu calmly said fiercely, "Qing Yu night bandits, worried and diligent, if King Wen is too duke, I will travel to the age of death"
Wang Meng
Jian Jian and Wang Meng took the following measures to quickly restore social order and effectively alleviate ethnic contradictions. The former Qin economy began to gradually recover and develop.
Crack down on diehards and straighten out the social atmosphere
It is said that in the chaotic world, wang meng directly punished the arrogant and arrogant imperial relatives and nobles according to the law. Dozens of powerful people who disturbed the public order were killed one after another, and the court was shocked. The social atmosphere gradually turned into a good situation, and a long-lost scene of peace appeared.
Improve the quality of officials and govern the country according to law
Widely set up schools to force the children of the Gongqing of the Hu clan to enroll in school. It has completely changed the bad habit of the Yu people to emphasize only force and despise cultural learning. The imperial court selected outstanding graduates to enrich the ranks of officials at all levels from the central to the local level, which greatly improved the efficiency of the government of Former Qin. This laid the foundation for the development and growth of Former Qin in the future.
Economically, we advocate thriftiness and the development of production
In order to combat the drought, Former Qin built water conservancy, dredged ditches, reduced taxes, and developed production. The imperial family, headed by Emperor Jian Jian, led by example to reduce the use of agriculture, persuade nongsang, and even cultivate it himself. The Former Qin regime formed a consensus on the development from commoners to imperial families, and people's recognition of Former Qin has been greatly improved.
After the same heart of governance by Jian Jian, Wang Meng and other monarchs, Former Qin successfully survived the drought. After more than ten years of recuperation, former Qin's internal affairs gradually stabilized, and the economy began to recover. Former Qin ushered in a rare opportunity for historical development. After quelling the rebellion of the Five Dukes led by Zhi You, Former Qin was internally stable and strong. He refocused his focus on the surrounding separatist regimes.
Flat swallow
In 370 AD, Jian Jian worshiped Wang Meng as the Commander of the Eastern Expedition against Former Yan. At this time, the Former Yan Jingzhao Emperor Murong Wei had been dead for 10 years, and the You Emperor Murong Wei was cowardly, incompetent, greedy for money and lustful. In this way, the last emperor was actually jealous of Xian's ability, and forced Former Yan's god of war Murong Chui to defect to Former Qin. Murong Ke, a veteran of the clan, had also died. When Wang slammed into Huguan and Jinyang, Former Yan cobbled together hundreds of thousands of troops in a vain attempt to resist Former Qin's attack. As a result, the battle collapsed, and Former Qin drove straight into the besieging capital City of Yecheng. Murong Wei was captured, and Former Yan was incorporated into Former Qin.
After the victory of Huguan and Jinyang, the Qin army directly attacked Yecheng
The Zizhi Tongjian Jin Ji 24 records: "In December, King Jian of Qin moved Murong Wei and his concubines, princes, and hundreds of officials to Chang'an. ”
Dingshu
In the ninth year of Former Qin's Jianyuan Dynasty, Yang Liang, the assassin of Liang Prefecture in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, sent troops to attack Former Qin's territory Qiuchi. Former Qin Liang Prefecture assassin Shi Yang'an led an army to meet the attack. Not only did he defeat the invading enemy, but he also pursued the enemy to Hanchuan. After receiving reinforcements, he took Hanchuan and advanced to force Zitong. The Eastern Jin Dynasty Zi Tong Taishou captured Xiancheng and surrendered. After the fall of Zi Tong, the land of Bashu has been opened. The Eastern Jin Dynasty Yizhou Assassin Zhou Zhongsun evacuated from Chengdu and fled south. The green arrow in the figure below pursues from Qiuchi (Chengxian) to Hanchuan (Hanzhong); through Jianmen and Zitong, it enters and occupies Chengdu.
The Zizhi Tongjian Jinji XXV records: "In September, An attacked Hanchuan. In the winter, King Jian of Qin sent Yizhou's assassin Shi Wang Tong and his secretary Tou Shuai to leave Hanchuan, and the former forbidden general Mao Dang and Ying Yang general Xu Chengshuai to leave the sword gate and enter Kou Liang and Yi; Liang Zhou's assassin Shi Yang Liang Shuai Ba Fang refused to fight in Qinggu. Liang's army was defeated and Bengu Xicheng was established. He was plucked from hanzhong. Xu Cheng attacked the sword gate, KeZhi. Yang An attacked Zi Tong, and Zi Tong was too defensive to surrender to An. In November, Anker Zitong. ... Yizhou Assassin Zhou Zhongsun Lebing refused to be in Mianzhu, Wen Maodang was about to arrive in Chengdu, and Zhongsun Shuai rode five thousand to Nanzhong. Feng Sui took Liang and Yi Erzhou. ”
Former Qin's march into Bashu roadmap
After Former Qin occupied Chengdu, Qiong, Yelang and other local forces in the southwest surrendered to Former Qin. For the first time, the southwest region was incorporated into the territory of the northern regime.
The territory of Bashu was returned to Qin
Extinction
In 376, under the pretext that Liu Weichen's troops were bullied, Jian Jian sent a large army to the Northern Expedition. Dai Guo is not a fuel saving lamp: the region is at the junction of farming and nomadic areas, and it is suitable for farming and grazing, and the soldiers are well fed. But it also caught up with the bad luck of the Daiguo: the Daiwang Tuoba Shiyi was seriously ill; the Gaoche tribe in the north rebelled. At this time of national peril, the whole country should work together to break the enemy. But the stupid Tuoba Emperor staged a coup d'état, killing his father and brother in a vain attempt to establish himself as a king. Former Qin took the opportunity to go north and died on behalf of the state.
Former Qin Dynasty
Cool
In 376 AD, 130,000 troops commanded by Jian Jian crossed the Yellow River to fight Against Qianliang. Former Liang mourning Duke Zhang Tianci sent the general Ma Jian and Zhang Zhi to resist with all their might. As a result, Ma Jian surrendered and was killed in battle. Zhang Tianci, who was on the battlefield, fled back to the capital City of Guzang with a sad feeling. When the former Qin soldiers besieged Guzang, the former Liang mourning Duke Zhang Tianci went out of the city to surrender, and Former Liang died.
Former Qin Pingliang route
brief summary:
From the beginning of the foreign conquest in 370 AD to the Battle of Shuishui, it took more than a decade to sweep away the northern princes and establish a huge Empire of the Qi people. He was generous to others and did not have strong ethnic boundaries. Even during the conquest, there was no military force, and the former Qin dynasty was still socially stable and the people were rich. If this situation can continue, it may be that people of all ethnic groups in the north will be able to live and work in peace and contentment for more than a hundred years. From this point of view, Jian Jian has made a historical contribution.
I am the emperor of history, welcome your attention; if there is a flaw, the axe is right.