Lychee is a more famous tree species in South China, which not only has good social and economic benefits, but also makes outstanding contributions to ecological benefits, but lychee also faces the threat of pests and diseases. Based on this, this paper briefly introduces and analyzes the main pests and diseases of lychee trees, and proposes solutions, hoping to provide reference for relevant personnel.
There are many types of lychee insect pests, the main insect pests are: lychee sativa, lychee tsubaki, oil tung inchworm, mesophora, litchi gall mite, flower and fruit gall mosquito, small yellow leaf curl moth, coffee wood borer moth and peach borer moth.
1.1 Lychee moths
Lychee moth, also known as the fine moth, belongs to the order Lepidoptera, the family Oftifidae. The larvae are infested with young shoots, flowers and fruits. In the new shoot stage, the young stem and young leaf midrib are drilled, causing the apical death, the midrib becomes brown, full of insect feces; during the flowering period, the larvae eat the flower spikes and the tip of the young stem, resulting in death; in the young fruit stage, eating the core of the fruit makes the tree fall a large number of fruits; during the fruit coloring period, the insect dung is left in the fruit, resulting in "manure fruit".
1.2 Lychee Tsubaki Elephant
Lychee Tsubaki Elephant, commonly known as stinky fart, stone back, belongs to the order Hemiptera, Tsubaki family, most of which are plant-eating, not only harmful to lychees, but also harmful to various crops, trees, vegetables and so on. Suction mouthpiece with stink glands. Its nymphs and adults suck on the leaves, shoots, fruits and flower spikes of lychee trees, causing brown spots on the sucked parts, which cannot grow normally, resulting in severe flowering and fruit fall.
1.3 Tung inchworm
Tung inchworm, belonging to lepidoptera, ulnar moth family, is a large pest of garden plants, cannibalizing leaves, moths eating young shoots, often outbreaks, in a short period of time will be a large number of leaves to eat out, trees become bald branches.
1.4 Mesquitea
Mesophyllum, a stinging pest, belongs to the same wing order, the family of lynx, is one of the important pests of garden plants, many species, strong reproductive ability, fast spreading speed, is currently difficult to control and easy to become a garden insect pest. Female nymphs and adults of this insect sting sap at various sites, causing small faded spots, either wilting or deforming the site of the infested area.
1.5 Peach borer borer
Peach borer borer, commonly known as borer heartworm, belongs to lepidoptera, grass borer family, and is also a major borer pest, mainly larval pests. This insect is widely affected and distributed in many provinces in China. Moth eats branches, stems, leaves, and fruits, causing direct economic losses, and even harvesting in severe cases, and is one of the key pests to be controlled.
Common diseases are as follows: Lychee Phytophthycosis, Lychee Anthrax, Lychee Acid Rot, Lychee Algae Spot Disease and Lychee Bituminous Coal Disease.
2.1 Lychee Phytophthora
Lychee Phytophthalocysis pathogen is flagella, downy mildew is an important disease on the lychee fruit, mainly harmful to the soon-to-ripe or ripe fruit, resulting in rotten fruit fall, a large number of yield reductions, and a significant decline in economic benefits. When damp, white mold appears in the diseased area, resembling white frost. Phytophthalmol is more likely to grow in humid and high temperature environments, and the long rainy days greatly increase the incidence of phytophthora, which is not conducive to the growth of lychees.
2.2 Lychee anthrax
The pathogen of lychee anthrax disease is spiny disc spores, which is a common type of disease in garden trees and garden plants, mainly harmful leaves, flowers and other parts, with latent and infestation, often losing the opportunity for prevention and control at an early stage, resulting in losses.
2.3 Lychee acid rot
Lychee acid rot, the pathogen is white ground mold, is a type of disease caused by the rupture or damage of the skin as a result of fruit ripening, mainly caused by lychee tsubaki or lychee moth. The disease progresses in which the fruit gradually turns brown, the affected area decays, and acid water flows out.
2.4 Lychee algae spot disease
Lychee algae spot disease, the pathogen is red rust algae, also more common in high temperature, rainy, wet orchards, rapid spread and reproduction of harmful trees.
Prevention and control technologies include: strengthening quarantine, garden technology, physical control, biological control and chemical control.
3.1 Garden technology prevention and control
Garden technology control is to use artificial control methods to reduce the damage caused by diseases and insect pests to plants, and to ensure yield and quality. Strengthen cultivation management measures, keep orchard trees dense, regularly clean orchards, diseased or insect-fed leaves and branches for appropriate pruning, if necessary, the trees are inter-harvested, leaving excellent varieties, healthy growth and re-cultivation, and timely cleaning of withered branches and fallen leaves, so as to eliminate some of the insect larvae that want to survive the winter.
3.2 Physical control
Booby traps are carried out using insect tendencies, for example, lychee elephants have a greater tendency towards yellow, so the method of yellow plate booby traps can be used. Or plant insect trap trees, for example, the coffee wood beetle moth prefers yellow bark, and a small number of yellow bark trees can be planted to lure the wood beetle moth larvae to eat, so as to protect the lychee tree from harm and facilitate the concentrated elimination of pests.
3.3 Biological control
Natural enemies can restrain some pests in lychee orchards, further protect lychees from harm, and then take the coffee wood beetle moth as an example, such insects are mostly natural enemies, small cocoon bees, bees, some birds, can be used as an effective method of hunting harmful insects.
3.4 Chemical control
Chemical control is scientific medication, mastering the best application period for larvae and adults. For example, for pests with chewing mouth organs, various gastric poisons or touch killers can be sprayed on the feed site of plant pests or made into poisonous bait to trap insects;
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