During the Liberation War, many Nationalist generals who were highly regarded in the Kuomintang party chose to revolt after seeing the situation, and in 1949, Chen Mingren led his subordinates to carry out the Hunan Uprising, which made great contributions to the liberation of Hunan.
At that time, how did Chen Mingren's state of mind change drastically, and later when he became the founding general, what was the fate of the four military commanders under him?
Chen Mingren
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > throwing pen from Rong but was squeezed out, and the former generals were determined to revolt</h1>
In the 1920s, at Baitutan Elementary School, a teacher was in front of the podium, tirelessly teaching children knowledge, and no one at that time thought that such a weak student would later become a general who bravely killed the enemy on the battlefield.
In 1924, after witnessing the brutality of the Japanese army, the teacher of the year resolutely decided to throw in the pen and be admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy.
This person was the later founding general, Chen Mingren.
Chen Mingren's performance on the battlefield is very excellent, once in the Battle of Dongguan, although he was physically ill, he still rushed to the front line of killing the enemy, and for many years as a soldier, he participated in countless large and small wars, and almost every time he rushed to the front.
However, it was precisely because of his nature of not being afraid of heaven and fear, coupled with his own stubborn personality and disrespect for the superior, that Chen Mingren formed many beams in the Kuomintang and suffered exclusion from others.
However, even so, Chen Mingren still stuck to his post, did not forget his original intention, obeyed orders, led the troops to overcome difficulties, and regarded defending his family and defending the country as his duty.
In 1944, Chen Mingren was promoted to the post of commander and was ordered to attack Huilongshan.
The Battle of Huilongshan was known as a "tactical masterpiece", and due to the long-term inability of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, the commander had to send Chen Mingren's 71st Army to participate in the battle.
Chen Mingren also lived up to expectations and gave a set of combat plans to deal with Huilongshan.
He decided to adopt the tactic of attacking the west from the east, mobilizing to defend the Japanese army and distracting the enemy's attention, and the main attacking troops took advantage of the situation to adopt the tactic of dividing and encircling, breaking one by one, and then taking out the strength of a division to detour to cut off the Retreat route of the Japanese army to Burma, completely annihilating the Japanese army, and at the same time requesting the cooperation of the US Allied Air Force, and finally winning the war.
After the battle began, Chen Mingren personally supervised the battle, and after a bloody battle, the Japanese troops invading western Yunnan were completely annihilated, and Chen Mingren was also called "an outstanding Chinese general" by General Wei Demai, and the Battle of Huilongshan was also praised by US Brigadier General Dou En as "a masterpiece of military command art".
However, despite Chen Mingren's outstanding military achievements, due to his disrespect for Chiang Kai-shek, he was repeatedly secretly demoted to military power, and a trace of exclusion made Chen Mingren begin to rethink his original intention.
Faced with the open and secret struggle within the Kuomintang, Chen Mingren asked himself, is such a political party still the one he wanted to follow in the first place? Is it really useful to stay here and save the people from fire and water? With such a political party that only cares about political competition, can it really realize its great wish to save the country?
Just as his mind was shaken, the last straw that overwhelmed the camel appeared.
In 1947, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to "stick to Siping", Chen Mingren led the troops to resist the Northeast People's Liberation Army, in this war, he lost three-fifths of the city, officers and soldiers suffered extremely heavy casualties, but Chen Mingren did not back down, he persisted until the arrival of reinforcements.
After the war, Chen Mingren was promoted to commander of the Seventh Corps, but soon after, he was accused of sending arsonists to grab food.
Chen Mingren, who was dismissed, naturally could not swallow this breath, coupled with the persuasion of his friends at the time and the influence of the Chinese Communist Party organization, Chen Mingren's thinking began to change.
If he had disrespected Chiang Kai-shek before, purely for reasons of his own character, then from this moment on, he really resented Chiang Kai-shek and even the entire Kuomintang.
Based on this change of thought, in 1949, Chen Mingren decided to launch the Hunan Uprising.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the road to the uprising was long and obstructed, Chen Mingren proposed "one condition"</h1>
In 1949, Chen Mingren and Cheng Qian announced that they would lead the xiang military and civilian uprising, but on the eve of the uprising, in the face of the choice of uprising or stubborn resistance, Chen Mingren fell into a dilemma, in order to make himself not so passive, Chen Mingren proposed a condition to the central government, and finally successfully revolted.
Cheng Dive
In mid-July 1949, Bai Chongxi ordered Chen Mingren to blow up Changsha's production and living facilities, and asked him to destroy fourteen railway bridges between the Xinqiang River and The Mouth within a month.
However, Chen Mingren was already inclined to peace at that time, and in the face of Bai Chongxi's orders, he did not carry them out, which finally caused panic within the Kuomintang.
Bai Chongxi
In order to win Chen Mingren over, Chiang Kai-shek began to promote Chen Mingren to the post of chairman of Hunan Province and commander of the Hunan Appeasement Headquarters, and even sent Chen Mingren's old classmates at the Whampoa Military Academy to lobby Chen Mingren with heavy gold and his own handwritten letters.
But Chen Mingren was not impressed by these superficial substances.
I thought his uprising was a foregone conclusion, but at this time, the emergence of an article put things into a new stalemate.
The Kuomintang generals led the uprising to the masses are a lesson from the past, and Fu Zuoyi is an example.
In November 1948, entrusted by Li Jishen, chairman of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, and He Qigong, the first mayor of Peiping, Peng Zexiang, an early member of the Communist Party of China, rushed from Hong Kong to Beijing to work against Fu Zuoyi in an attempt to persuade him to revolt and peacefully hand over power.
It seems that Fu Zuoyi and Chen Mingren are in the same situation, both facing the choice of uprising or non-uprising, but in fact, this is not the case.
Fu Zuoyi
Although Peng Zexiang's persuasion gave Fu Zuoyi some thoughts, it was not until December 1948, when Fu Zuoyi's western retreat road was completely cut off, that he was cornered and made up his mind to prepare for a peaceful uprising.
The article said above that Fu Zuoyi and Chen Mingren are of the same nature, but in Chen Mingren's view, his situation is much better than Fu Zuoyi's, he has no way to retreat, but he still has a way out, so as soon as the article came out, Chen Mingren could not make up his mind.
After the battle of the river crossing began, Chiang Kai-shek strengthened his supervision of Chen Mingren, so that the work of persuading Chen Mingren to revolt was imminent, and just when he was in a dilemma, a key figure appeared.
Li Minghao is Chen Mingren's teacher and a loyal friend of the Party Central Committee.
The appearance of the middleman made Chen Mingren come out of the tangled state, because he knew that Chen Mingren was very concerned about the difference between himself and Fu Zuoyi's uprising, Li Minghao said:
"The Plaster has long defined this as a peace movement, and no one says you are surrendering." You are different from Fu Zuoyi, he is indeed cornered, but you are not. You are just a simple peaceful uprising, we liberated Changsha peacefully through peaceful negotiations, you don't need to worry about the future. ”
Lee Myung-ho
These words undoubtedly gave Chen Mingren a reassuring pill.
Faced with the question of the ownership of his 100,000 troops after the uprising, Chen Mingren put forward a condition: "Preserve the existing structure of the First Corps." ”
Although the formulation of this condition has caused some people to be agitated, the most important thing that can enable Chen Mingren to successfully revolt at the moment is that the Party Central Committee agreed to this condition.
After Chen Mingren's peaceful uprising, his First Corps was reorganized into the First Corps of the Chinese Nationalist People's Liberation Army, with himself as commander.
Although this is unprecedented for the PLA, it is precisely in this way that it can appease the hearts of the rebel army and show the broad mind of the PLA.
On August 4, 1949, Chen Mingren formally decided to launch the Hunan Uprising.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > what happened to the four military commanders under the founding general that year? </h1>
Although Chen Mingren had made up his mind to launch a peaceful uprising, the real uprising was not so easy to carry out.
Although as the leader of the team, Chen Mingren was determined to revolt, but his soldiers did not always think so, and Bai Chongxi quickly conceived a series of countermeasures after learning the news that Chen Mingren was going to revolt.
In order to stir up the mood of Chen Mingren's subordinates, he began to spread leaflets to plot rebellion, leaflets on it, he said that this is a fake peaceful uprising, once these soldiers really listened to Chen Mingren's words and launched a peaceful uprising, what awaited them would be killing, and their Director Cheng and Commander Chen had already been detained, as long as they turned back, it was their only way to retreat.
Although the words on these leaflets may seem absurd, for the lower-level officers and soldiers who do not know the truth, these leaflets are as difficult to doubt as the truth.
Under the attack of leaflets, the first corps belonging to Chen Mingren went from 77,000 to 30,000 people.
All that was left behind was gold, so although less than half of the people left in the uprising were left, the people who could remain were the elites who were very determined in politics.
Nevertheless, this uprising laid a good foundation for the peaceful liberation of Hunan, and later Chen Mingren became the founding general, so what was the outcome of his former four military commanders?
The first commander was Fu Zhengmo, commander of the 14th Army.
Fu Zhengmo
Fu Zhengmo is also an iron-boned man.
In 1925, Fu Zhengmo graduated from the Whampoa Military Academy, the following year, he participated in the Northern Expedition, in the Battlefield of Wuchang, in order to attack the Beiyang warlord Wu Peifu, Fu Zhengmo organized a death squad to carry out a sneak attack, the result was that the soldiers went to the city, just when climbing the ladder, Fu Zhengmo was shot in the left leg and unfortunately fell down the ladder.
Fortunately, Fu Zhengmo's life was great, although he was already dying when he was rescued, but in the end, under the timely rescue, Fu Zhengmo came back from the dead.
Wu Peifu
Fu Zhengmo, who was not completely healed, participated in the Second Northern Expedition with his wounds, and he perfectly interpreted the four words of bloody struggle, and in August 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally, and Fu Zhengmo set up a family banquet to celebrate.
Originally, during the War of Resistance Against Japan, Fu Zhengmo was always loyal to the Kuomintang, or he was always loyal to the people.
However, after the liberation of the whole territory of northeast China in 1948 and the end of the Battle of Xu Beng the following year, the Kuomintang was severely damaged, and Fu Zhengmo knew it well, he understood that all this was inseparable from the corruption and arbitrariness of the Kuomintang authorities, and he was in the middle of it, deeply affected, and because of this, he began to understand why his former colleagues chose to join the Communist Party.
At this time, Fu Zhengmo had already wavered in his thinking.
He immediately put this shift in political position into action.
In the winter of 1948, Fu Zhengmo received a secret order, and Chen Cheng appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the Taipei Garrison, this time Fu Zhengmo chose to disobey.
In 1949, under the influence of Chen Mingren, Fu Zhengmo decided to participate in the peaceful uprising in Hunan together, and the Taiwan authorities were of course aware of this, and they adopted the same method as they did with Chen Mingren -- sending people to woo Fu Zhengmo, but Fu Zhengmo, who took a firm stand, was unmoved.
In December 1949, Fu Zhengmo became the deputy commander of the 21st Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Until his death due to illness in 1968, Fu Zhengmo was always busy in the front line of the construction of new China.
The second commander was Cheng Gang, commander of the 102nd Army.
"The Heavenly Graben is half leaning on the river, and the two armies face each other to decide between male and female. Wokou who had to cross the thunder pool, swore a deep hatred for the snow and issued an order. ”
This was the Ming Zhi poem written by Cheng Gang in the summer of 1944, on the eve of the Great Counteroffensive in Western Yunnan, and at this time Cheng Gang was full of patriotism, and in order to fight against the Japanese Kou, he braved hardships and dangers and bravely moved forward.
In the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in Western Yunnan, Cheng Gang relied on his accumulated combat experience and his own wisdom and wisdom to make many military achievements, not only him, but also his relatives made great contributions to the War of Resistance, and even Cheng Gang's nephew was killed in the war.
However, such a person who had been in the anti-Japanese battlefield betrayed Chen Mingren in 1948 when he decided to peacefully revolt.
At that time, Cheng Gang was a capable general around Chen Mingren, and in Chen Mingren's eyes, this subordinate was loyal to himself and was definitely a figure he could trust, but he was wrong.
Just when Chen Mingren merged the 14th Army and the 102nd Army into the 102nd Army and appointed Cheng Gang as the commander of the army to reuse him, no one expected that Cheng Gang, who appeared to be loyal on the surface, had defected.
Shortly after Chen Mingren's uprising was telegraphed, Cheng Gang led the team back to Taiwan, a move that left Chen Mingren at a loss, and he could not imagine that the former good military commander could run away with his soldiers when he needed him most.
In 1964, Cheng Gang died of illness in Taipei, and his grudge with Chen Mingren was also written off.
The third commander was Xiong Xinmin, commander of the 71st Army.
He was originally an old acquaintance of Chen Mingren, but his political stance was completely different from Chen Mingren's, and when Chen Mingren was bent on planning the Hunan uprising, he resolutely led the crowd to defect to Bai Chongxi.
In fact, in the beginning, Xiong Xinmin was also a good hand at resisting Japan and saving the country, he relied on his courage and good fighting, rushed all the way from platoon commander to military commander, and in 1949, he became Chen Mingren's deputy commander.
When Chen Mingren decided to unite with Cheng Qian to launch a peaceful uprising, Xiong Xinmin showed resistance, and he began to seduce his 71st Army, hoping to lead this team to "escape" from the "encirclement" of the uprising, and under his unremitting blowing, the 71st Army finally defected to Bai Chongxi.
Xiong Xinmin, who thought that he could avoid the uprising and continue to be the deputy commander in the Kuomintang army, did not expect that the overthrow would come so quickly.
Only a month later, the Battle of Hengbao broke out, Bai Chongxi's troops were severely damaged, and under the nest, Andrew finished the egg, and Xiong Xinmin, who was trembling under Bai Chongxi's wings, was about to usher in his own disaster.
In a panic, Xiong Xinmin led the remnants of the 71st Army to flee to Guangxi, and soon the Battle of Shangsi began, Xiong Xinmin was defeated in the Battle of Shangsi in Guangxi, and became a prisoner, at the end of 1975, Xiong Xinmin was pardoned, and died of illness in 1992.
The last one was Du Ding, commander of the 100th Army.
Du Ding's joining the Kuomintang stemmed from a "kidnapping."
Du Ding, who graduated from Wuhan University, took advantage of the holiday to return to his hometown to rest, and happened to run into a Kuomintang team passing by his hometown, and the leader of this team saw Du Ding sitting on the ground reading a book, liked Du Ding very much, saw his diligence and studiousness, and took the initiative to come forward to talk.
The fledgling Du Ding was successfully "coaxed" by this commander to become a member of this team, and subsequently, Du Ding joined the Kuomintang.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Du Ding always rushed to the front line, bravely killed the enemy, and was a pioneer, but Du Ding did not only know how to fight and kill.
Du Ding
Once, when du ding, who was surrounded by the Japanese army and ran out of ammunition, in order to let the soldiers stand out from the siege alive, he made a clever move, let everyone take off their sheepskin coats, put it on in turn, it was the winter snow that closed the mountain, so that in the distance, these soldiers were almost indistinguishable from the sheep on the mountain.
Thanks to Du Ding's ingenuity, everyone was able to get out of danger smoothly.
However, such a good seedling with courage and strategy chose to resist when Chen Mingren decided to launch a peaceful uprising.
After Chen Mingren and Cheng Qian launched an uprising, he led his army to retreat south, but he did not expect to be attacked by the People's Liberation Army on the way, and Du Dingcang, who had suffered heavy losses, fled to Burma, and then returned to Taiwan from Burma.
During the time he escaped, the original troops were beaten out of shape, and the former full formation was finally left with du Ding and a few capable generals around him.
In 2003, Du Ding died of illness.
Although the four military commanders all died of illness, the second half of their lives were spent in completely different circumstances, and it was very important to clarify the correct political position for the direction of life.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks</h1>
Everyone makes different decisions about the choices they face in their major life events.
Chen Mingren's four military commanders defected three, his former 77,000 troops, and finally only more than 30,000 people remained, which is the result of choosing a political stance, history can prove that the choice of those who remain is correct, an uprising affected the hearts and fate of so many people, and success or failure is indeed between one thought.