The ancient city of Changyi, which has been sleeping for a thousand years, is "waking up"

□ Zhao Niandong, a reporter of this newspaper

This newspaper correspondent Jiang Chenxi Xie Xinhua

This is an ancient city of the Western Han Dynasty buried in the ground. From the Warring States to the Wei and Jin dynasties, it was an important transportation artery and iron smelting trade center; during the Western Han Dynasty, it was also a hereditary fiefdom of Liu He, the Marquis of Haixia, and one of the 49 government-run industrial centers in the country. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River broke through several times, and the yellow sand buried the ancient city underground, leaving only the ruins of the city outline looming. This is the old city of Changyi. On March 22, with the official launch of the third phase of archaeological exploration at the changyi ancient city site, can this buried ancient city of the Western Han Dynasty bring surprises like the "Sanxingdui" in Sichuan?

A glimpse of the history books

After the equinox, everything recovers. On March 29, the reporter drove 27 kilometers south of Juye County to Changyi Ji Village in Da xie ji town. In the field, several busy figures shuttled through it, only to see them holding a probe shovel, inserting deep underground to take samples, and identifying the soil removed from time to time. They are an archaeological team jointly formed by the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the Heze Institute of History and Archaeology, and the Juye County Cultural Relics Management Institute, and are conducting archaeological exploration of the ancient city site of Changyi buried in the loess soil under their feet.

Ascending to the far horizon, the Peng River passes through the northern part of the changyi ancient city site, and the Furong Road runs through the middle of the changyi ancient city site, and the villages of qianchangyi, houchangyi, chengjiao liu, hou garden and so on are "dotted" like stars. From the geographical landscape to the layout of the village, from the types of crops to the customs and customs, the villages here are no different from other villages. More than 2,000 years ago, it was the location of the economically prosperous and densely populated ancient city of Changyi.

According to Yao Jiping, head of the cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage section of the Juye County Cultural and Tourism Bureau, Changyi was Yi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a county was set up in the Qin Dynasty, and a county rule during the Western Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of the Han Jing Emperor 's reign ( 144 BC ) , he divided liang territory and established the state of Shanyang , and made Liu Ding , the son of King Xiao of Liang , king. Since then, Changyi City has become the capital of the king. In the fifth year of Emperor Jianyuan of the Han Dynasty (136 BC), he changed the name of Shanyang Ton county. In the fourth year of the Tianhan Dynasty (97 BC), Shanyang Commandery was changed to the State of Changyi, and Liu Yi was made the King of Changyi. Liu Ji reigned for eleven years and was buried in The Red Clay Mountain in Juye County (archaeological excavations of the tomb were carried out in 1977). In the first year of the Later Yuan Dynasty (88 BC), Liu He succeeded to the throne. In the first year of the Reign of Emperor Yuanping of the Han Dynasty (74 BC), Emperor Zhao died, and because he had no heirs, Liu He was conscripted as emperor (later deposed as the Marquis of Haixia). In the first year of the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han (73 BC), the state of Changyi was changed to Shanyang Commandery (山阳郡). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was changed to the Yanzhou Thorn History Department.

Changyi has been a place of contention for soldiers since ancient times, and the "Battle of Chu and Han" in the second year of Qin II and the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" in the third year of The Han Jing Emperor have all occurred here. Changyi is also the land of the Crouching Tiger, which has given birth to many heroes of the world. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Peng Yue, the king of Liang, unveiled the pole from here, and at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fei Ting waited for Cao Cao to serve as Yanzhou pastor here.

From the Warring States to the Wei and Jin dynasties, Changyi was an important transportation artery and iron smelting trade center. During the Western Han Dynasty, Changyi was one of the 49 government-run industrial centers engaged in iron production in the country at that time, reaching the peak of development. According to the Book of Han, there were more than 280 people engaged in iron smelting in Changyi at that time. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, it began to decline, and during the Sui and Tang dynasties, Changyi was a county and the Song Dynasty was reduced to a town.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River broke through several times, and this ancient city of the Western Han Dynasty was buried under a thick layer of loess, leaving only the ruins of the city outline looming. According to the "Chronicle of Juye County", during the Ming and Qing dynasties, whenever it rains, people still vaguely see the shape of the city: city gates, battlements, wall walls, palaces, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, and even people on the street, traffic and traffic, known by local villagers as "Chaocheng", that is, one of the famous eight ancient scenery of Juye "Changyi Smoke and Rain".

The "West Pile" that cannot be avoided

In "Reminiscence of Qin'e Changyi Huaigu": "Smoke and rain rest, the desert old city Xiongguan. Xiongguan 堞, Remnant Sun Evening Illumination, Han Family Tomb Que. Chu and Han exchanged troops and shed blood, and Li Shang charged and cried fiercely. Weeping, Peng Wang, Yongjie. "Later generations thought of the ancients in Changyi City, lamenting the ruthlessness of the change of generations, although there were few numbers, but the momentum was magnificent.

The sun, the moon, the stars, the stars, a large number of historical relics have been buried in the ground with the mayor of Changyi, and the reporter walked on the villages of Liu, Hou Garden, Qianchangyi, Houchangyi and other villages on the site, and the names of these villages are inextricably linked to the ancient city of Changyi. 1500 meters west of qianchangyi village, there is a small mound, which the locals call "Xiqudui". According to the records, the "West Pile" is the landmark site of The Ancient Changyi City, which is located on the outside of the main city wall, which is a convex mound of the city wall to the west, which was 30 meters long from north to south, 20 meters wide from east to west, and 3 meters high. The mound and its soil layer are interspersed with fragments of Han Dynasty Jomon plate tiles and crock pots, and the rammed layer can be seen at the truncation of the rammed pile.

It is this "West Heap", but it is very important in the hearts of local villagers, and it is also the spiritual homeland in their hearts.

"I am a native of Changyi, and I have been snuggled up in the arms of the old man since I was a child, and grew up listening to the story of 'Xiqu Pile'." Talking about the "West Pile" at the west end of the village, villager Wang Yongdong opened the "talk box". In his narration, the origin of the "West Heap" alone is full of mystery. Changyi Ping was a political, economic and cultural center in ancient times, with pure folk customs, chickens and dogs singing, and the people living and working in peace and contentment. Legend has it that early one day, the sky has not yet brightened, an old man in Changyi Village got up early to collect dung, and when he passed the west side of the village, he suddenly had a trance in front of his eyes, and saw that something grew on the flat ground in front of him, the longer and taller, the longer and bigger. The old man was very surprised, and slowly approached the "small mound" that was getting bigger with a dung shovel in his hand, gathered enough energy, and used the dung shovel to shoot at the "small mound".

Stinks to death! This beat of the old man, the "little mound" stopped growing. At that time, this post-break sentence that has been passed down to this day is left: a shovel shoots a mountain - the smell is big. Wang Yongdong said that there are many legends about the "West Pile", although they are full of mystery, but they really express the local villagers' awe for the "West Pile".

"Xiqudui", a small mound, is one of the few historical sites left in the ancient city of Changyi, such as an old man standing in the west of the village, through the wind and rain, witnessing the historical changes of the land of Changyi. Qing Dynasty Yiren Tian Jiaxuan poetry: "Do not distinguish Changcheng Road, the vast rain and smoke." Ten thousand people are not, hundreds of pheasants are still there. At first glance, the red wall is separated, and it is like a white practice hanging. Confused by the shadow of the palace, Katsumi wants to be that year. So far, no local villager has ever taken a piece of soil from the "West Stack" and allowed nature to be eroded by wind and rain.

In 1992, a stone stele was erected next to the "Xiqudui" with the inscription "Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit of Shandong Province - Ruins of the Ancient City of Changyi State" on the front. In 2013, the site of changyi ancient city was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Far beyond the historical documents

Yao Jiping introduced that during the cultural relics census in 1980, the site of the ancient city of Changyi was discovered. In 1980 and 1982, the Heze Regional Cultural Relics Task Force conducted two surveys and explorations of the changyi ancient city site, and the plan of the capital city site was slightly square. "Nearby villagers found many Relics of the Han Dynasty and a small number of Warring States relics in the construction of houses and soil, including green tiles, small nose pots, shallow plates of fine-handled beans, pots, copper hammers, iron pillars, crossbow machines, pottery well circles, etc. Stone mills, stone troughs, house foundation sites, brewing kiln sites, and a large number of precious cultural relics such as iron kettles, bowls and plates from the Tang, Jin and Yuan dynasties have also been found. Yao Jiping said.

"In 2017 and 2019, the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with relevant departments, conducted two archaeological explorations on the ancient city site of Changyi, which basically proved the scale, scope and size of the ancient city site of Changyi." Yao Jiping said that after research, there are four walls at the site of the ancient city of Changyi, the east wall is 1.27 kilometers long, the south wall is 1.71 kilometers long, the western wall is 1.41 kilometers long, and the north wall is 1.45 kilometers long. The width of the four walls is about 31 meters. Most of the walls are relatively well preserved, with existing heights between 4 and 6 meters, and the bottom of the walls is generally about 6.3 meters below the surface. "Archaeologists found 6 rammed earth gaps in the walls on all four sides, and it is not excluded that there is a possibility of a city gate among them." Yao Jiping said that in addition, there are trenches about 30 meters wide on the outside of the four walls, which are initially inferred to be moats.

On the basis of two explorations, archaeologists successfully mapped and mapped the floor plan of the ancient city of Changyi. The site of changyi ancient city is square, and many lots show irregularities, and experts speculate that these irregularities stem from the fact that changyi ancient city was built according to the terrain, and has been repaired and rebuilt many times.

"Archaeologists have also initially found relatively concentrated tomb areas, handicraft workshop areas, official office areas and palace areas at the changyi ancient city site, but these discoveries need further exploration to confirm." Yao Jiping said.

In the literature, the ancient city of Changyi is an ancient city of the Han Dynasty. "However, according to the analysis of relics excavated by exploration, the history of the ancient city of Changyi can be traced back to the Warring States and even the late Spring and Autumn Period." Yao Jiping said that the exploration shovel has brought out cultural relics including the Longshan culture, the Yueshi culture, and the Shang and Zhou dynasties, indicating that the geographical environment of the ancient city site of Changyi is superior, there were many groups of ancestors living here, and the continuation of the era is long, forming various cultural layers in turn, and the ancient city of Changyi is likely to be built on the basis of the original city.

The construction of the National Heritage Park is being declared

On March 22, 2021, the third phase of archaeological exploration of the changyi ancient city site was officially launched, compared with the previous two times, the archaeological exploration will last for 4 months, using more advanced technology, hoping to remove the layers of clouds and fog surrounding the ancient city of Changyi.

"Through the previous work, the preservation of the site is relatively good, the four walls, the underground preservation is relatively high, and it is nearly 5 meters!" Such a well-preserved city site is still relatively rare in the entire ancient city site of Shandong Province. Gao Mingkui, director of the first research office of the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said.

According to Gao Mingkui, this archaeological exploration work will further explore the functional zoning of the city site, focus on the systematic archaeological exploration of the city site and the anatomy of the rammed earth foundation site and the city wall, combine manual exploration and physical exploration, and use means including resistivity method, magnetic method, radar and other means to explore in detail the topographic trend in the city, the range shape, accumulation status and cultural connotation of the distribution of the ruins, and strive to make the maximum reduction of the structure in the city. "In particular, the connotation and value of the city site need to be further understood in this work." Gao Mingkui said.

"Just yesterday, we found two architectural sites, according to the width of the foundation, we can rule out the possibility of ordinary residential areas, which should be the official residences of dignitaries and dignitaries, or even palaces." Zhao Fangchao, an archaeologist at the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said, "One of the vestibule-style building sites has a foundation width of 1.5 meters, stone steps, and a square stone pier about 1.3 meters long has also been found." It can be said that there are surprises every day! ”

"The ancient city of Changyi is a precious wealth and unique resource left by the ancestors in ancient times, and it is also the crystallization of the diligence and wisdom of the masses, and a witness to historical development." Zhu Yanfang, director of the Juye County Bureau of Culture and Tourism, said, "In order to carefully protect this cultural heritage and let the historical context be better passed on, we are applying for the construction of the National Heritage Park for the Ancient City of Changyi, giving it a new era connotation." ”

Source: Volkswagen Daily