In 2018, vietnam's former president Tan Da Quang died of illness, and the chairman's seat was vacant, and according to Vietnam's constitution, the vice president must take over the responsibilities, so the title of president was worn on the head of vice chairman Tang Thi Ngoc Thanh.
Tang's ngoc Utah was once a sight to behold, and was called the first female head of state of Vietnam by the media. But we should note that Tang Thi Ngoc Thanh is only the acting president now, and the Vietnamese National Parliament will elect the chairman in October, and at that time, it is difficult to say whether Ng Thi Nha Thi Ngoc Seng will be able to smoothly turn the normal.
Tang's Yusheng
In recent decades, the women who have held political high positions in Vietnam are not only Dham Thi Ngoc Thanh, but she is preceded by The President of Parliament Nguyen Thi Kim. On March 31, 2016, Nguyen Thi Kim Yin was elected president of the National Assembly, which was the first female president in the more than 70 years of vietnam's constitutional and legislative history, which was also regarded as a representative event for the further improvement of gender equality in Vietnam, and many Vietnamese women burst into tears.
However, this time should be more unexpected, because if there is no incident this time, Tang's Yusheng really may not be able to ascend to this position, and it is still too early to say that the status of Vietnamese women has really been greatly improved.
Throughout the world political arena, female leaders are always easy to be ignored by the public, especially in small countries, and the sense of existence is really low. In fact, Southeast Asia has produced many female leaders in recent decades, but judging by the results, it seems that it is not so smooth! Let's take stock of those who are or have been active in Southeast Asian politics.
Yingluck
Passively came to power and went into exile
Like Dham, Yingluck is the first female head of government in Thai history, and although she has only been in politics for a few short years, this beautiful female leader has impressed many people.
In the early days, Yingluck did not have a heart for politics, but devoted himself to the business world, and achieved good results, holding important positions in many large companies.
Yingluck's brother, Thaksin Shinawatra, was once Thailand's prime minister, and after being ousted by a military coup, the Pheu Thai Party pushed Yingluck to power, and was elected Thailand's first female prime minister in 2011 and concurrently served as defense minister in 2013, becoming the first female defense minister in Thai history.
However, Yingluck's path to politics has not been smooth. First because of an amnesty bill involving his brother Thaksin, which triggered a rally demonstration in Bangkok, then Yingluck was forced to dissolve the lower house of parliament, and then he was investigated by the National Anti-Corruption Commission for "rice malfeasance" and removed from his position as prime minister, after which Thai Army Commander Prayut Chan-o-cha launched a military coup, and Yingluck was first detained, then exiled, and banned from politics for 5 years.
From the highest level in the political arena to the bottom, but in just a few years, can the beautiful prime minister return to the king?
Aung San Suu Kyi
He was placed under house arrest several times during his lifetime, because her foreign husband was not eligible for the presidency
Aung San Suu Kyi is a non-violent pro-democracy politician in Myanmar, and her political experience has been full of twists and turns. In 1990, he led the NLD to a general election, but was quickly annulled by the junta and remained under house arrest for 15 years until his release at the end of 2010. In 2015, Aung San Suu Kyi once again led the NLD to victory in Myanmar's general election and stepped on the front of Myanmar's political scene.
Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest several times in his life, the first time in 1989, when the Burmese military government put Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest for inciting riots, the second time after the 1990 general election, when the junta did not recognize the results of the election and continued to be placed under house arrest, the third time in 1996, when she was again placed under house arrest for being accused of inciting student demonstrations, and the fourth time in 2000, because she wanted to travel to the northern city of Mandalay, violated the military ban, and was again placed under house arrest, until 2010, when Aung San Suu Kyi ended her life under house arrest This life resume is comparable to a novel.
Myanmar's constitution stipulates that as long as the spouse or children are foreigners, they cannot serve as the president of Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi's husband is a British scholar, and the children are also British nationals, so Aung San Suu Kyi can only hold the position of Senior Minister of Myanmar, but in addition to the position of Senior Minister of State, Aung San Suu Kyi also held four ministerial positions, known as "super minister", and the early bumpy experience finally ushered in results.
Corazon Aquino
Her husband was assassinated and went into politics to rehabilitate him
The Philippines has produced two female presidents, one of whom is Corrazon Aquino. Corazon Aquino is not only the first female president of the Philippines, but also the first female president of Asia, setting a precedent for Asian women to be the supreme leader.
Corazon Aquino entered politics after the assassination of her husband in 1983, after which Corazon Aquino entered politics and led the political movement against the Marcos regime, and in 1986, After a long game with Marcos, Corazon Aquino finally won the victory of Marcos's escape from Hawaii and was elected the first female president of the Philippines.
Corazon Aquino's path to politics is not very bumpy compared to the first two, stepping down as president in 1992, dying of illness in 2009, his son Akin III inherited the mantle, is now the president of the Philippines, among the female leaders in Southeast Asia, Corazon Aquino is also the first to receive a good death.
Arroyo
In the early stage, he successfully ascended to a high position, and in the later stage, he fell into prison
Arroyo is the second female president of the Philippines, and like the first, is from a family of presidents, Arroyo's father, Diosdado Macapagal, is a former president of the Philippines, although Arroyo did not start his career as president from the beginning.
Arroyo first served as assistant minister of trade and industry, and then underwent changes in the positions of director of the Textile Industry Export Bureau, deputy minister of trade and industry, and member of parliament. Congressman is an important part of Arroyo's political career, bringing her one step closer to the philippines' top job.
Arroyo was elected vice president of the Philippines in 1998, and in the 2001 rebellion in the Philippines, Arroyo took over the presidency of the Philippines and was re-elected in 2004, becoming the first woman in Philippine history to be re-elected.
But Arroyo's path to power has not always been smooth, and in 2005, Arroyo suffered a crisis in his ruling career due to suspected official election fraud, the cabinet was split, and then her husband was suspected of illegal gambling, and in order to maintain the government, Arroyo had to let her husband live abroad.
After leaving office in 2010, Arroyo did not live a stable life, and in 2011, because of his involvement in a corruption scandal, Arroyo was banned from the country, and then arrested and detained, until 2016, when he was released. After gaining his freedom, Arroyo was far from the political whirlpool in the Philippines and was elected to the new board of directors of the Boao Forum for Asia.
Megawati
The family changed dramatically in his childhood, his marriage was unhappy in adulthood, and he rose to a high position in his later years
Megawati is the first female president in Indonesian history and the eldest daughter of Sukarno, Indonesia's first president. After the overthrow of her father's Sukarno regime, Megawati and her siblings became "untouchable untouchables" in Indonesian society, and their lives changed drastically, even their studies had to be suspended.
Megawati's emotional experiences and marriages have also gone through twists and turns, first with her first husband killed in an air crash and then with a brief marriage of two weeks with Egyptian diplomats. But compared to the bumpy marriage, Megawati's political career was much smoother. In 1984, Megawati served as the chairman of the Jakarta Central Branch of the Indonesian Democratic Party, and then successively served as the chairman of the Jakarta district branch of the Indonesian Democratic Party, the chairman of the Democratic Struggle Party, the general chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party, and the general chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Struggle Party, until 1999, when he won the general election, he served as the eighth vice president of Indonesia, which was getting closer and closer to the presidency.
In 2001, Megawati finally reached the pinnacle of her life, indonesia's fifth president, becoming the first female president in Indonesian history.
In general, these Southeast Asian leaders are not ordinary people, either the family is a political family, or from a well-known family, anyway, they are all people with a large background, there is no doubt that the family background has a great help to their political path. However, after all, the women who can ascend to the position of national leaders are a minority, and even the above several women have experienced many difficulties, and in the overall environment of Southeast Asia, the number of women in politics is very small, and it is even more difficult to hold high positions.
Why? There are several reasons for this:
First, the social culture of male superiority over female inferiority. In Southeast Asian countries, the idea of male superiority and female inferiority is still very deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the contempt for women directly leads to the difficulty of women to have more rights in society, and the life behavior is based on men, and men do not allow women to do things outside the family. In thai traditional families, women are always susceptible to discrimination, and even selling their daughters is considered normal behavior, and women who have no status in the family, let alone pursue their political status in society.
Second, women are confined to the role of housewives. In the structure of family life in Southeast Asian countries, earning money, doing housework, and raising children have always been regarded as women's obligations, and in the Mekong Delta, there is still a saying that "having an eldest daughter is better than having fertile rice paddies and buffaloes". Raising children takes a lot of energy, family affairs take up most of women's time, and the whole social culture also believes that women should be housewives at home, so that there are very few women who have time and are allowed to participate in politics.
Third, there is no better education, and it is impossible to enter the core circle. To participate in politics, we must first have sufficient erudite knowledge, which has extremely high requirements for education, and high-quality education requires favorable family conditions. However, there are still many countries in Southeast Asia that have not yet achieved real stability, slow economic development, and people's livelihood is poor, and many people in Southeast Asia have many children, such as a local family in Cambodia basically has about five children, in this case, being able to eat is a big thing, even if you can take care of education. Families that are not rich cannot guarantee that women get a complete and high-quality education, families do not have a strong enough background, they cannot provide more help for women's participation in politics, and it is difficult for ordinary women to squeeze into the political core circle in any country.
Fourth, the political pattern dominated by male power. Southeast Asia is a region with a strong male color, throughout these countries in Southeast Asia, there are still not a few royal families, such as Thailand, Cambodia, etc., and the royal family has always been dominated by men, in such a country, men naturally have more right to speak, and women have even become vassals of men.
In addition to the royal family, in those countries where the political family controls the power center, such as Singapore, the first female president was elected last year, and in the political structure of Singapore's prime minister with greater power than the president, it is also very difficult for a female president to become the real power leader of Singapore.
However, as the concept of equality between men and women has become more popular, more and more countries have begun to encourage women to participate in politics, such as Indonesia, which has introduced a policy to encourage the proportion of female candidates in political parties to be no less than 30%. In the future, women's participation in politics will become the norm, bringing more colorful colors to the world.