Poland
There is no literature in ancient Poland, only a few old writers: Miko aj Rej ,1505-1569), Ignacy Krasichi, 1735-1801.
The so-called Polish literature refers to the nineteenth century.
Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855). "Pan Tadeusz", the long poem "Konrad Wallenrod"
Juliusz Slowachi (1809-1849). Works: Beniowski
Zygmunt Krasinski (1812-1859). Works: "The Comedy of The Ungod"
(Narrator): Everything in the West belongs to God, everything in China goes to nature, and I think both sides have failed.
Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846-1916). Letters from a Journey, trilogy: With Fire and Sword, The Deluge, Fire in the Steppe, novella: The Polaniecki Family, Without Dogma. In 1890, he published Quo Vadis, which won the 1905 Nobel Prize
Denmark
Adam Oehlenschlager (1779-1850) was known as the "Scandinavian Poet King"
Poet Jens Baggesen (1764-1826).
Ludvig Adolph Bodtcher (1793-1874) poet
Bernhard Severin Ingemann (1789-1862) poet
The critic said: "The poetry god was scattered to many Danish poets, and later taken back and given to a fairy tale writer. ”
Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875).
In the early days, Hans Christian Andersen wanted to act, learn ballet, cut paper very well, and wrote novels—and then suddenly thought of writing fairy tales.
(Narrator): What exactly is a person suited to do? It's up to him to choose. The choice is right, there is a lot of achievement, the choice is wrong, it's over. Thirty and standing means choosing the right one. The choice was wrong, it was "thirty and handstand".
(Narrator): Andersen's highest skill was to see the world through the eyes of a child.
Children only make friends of the same age, Andersen's fairy tales, young and old.
Green, George Sand, Goethe, Wilde, all wrote fairy tales — not as good as Hans Christian Andersen. Andersen's fairy tales are true.
As a child, there is no distinction between good and evil, barbarism, nonsense, and Hans Christian Andersen had this thing.
Georg Brandes (1842-1927). Works: Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature. A critic of modern literature, Brandeis can be ranked first.
(Narrator): If you're a genius, don't be a big critic. Always not superb. Art is the point, not the face, the spire, not the road. Great artists, great geniuses, only talk about the spire, not about the road. Critics are capable people, good people, Brandeis is mighty, good people.
The birth of a genius must be war. If someone is against you, you should say, "It's normal. ”
Norway
There is a common sense: Norway, before the nineteenth century, had no independent literature, it was associated with Denmark, it was inseparable, and it was not until the nineteenth century that it had its own literary movement, status and masterpieces.
Henrik Wergeland (1808-1845). poet
Camilla Collett (1813-1895) was Vigrand's sister. Advocating realism is the vanguard of feminism.
Johan Sebastian Welhaven (1807-1873). Literary critic, biographer, poet.
All three of these pioneers have achieved success, but none have achieved worldwide achievement and reputation. The path of the pioneer is brewing, is waiting for genius.
Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) was the greatest dramatist of a century and a half. Works: Catiline, Peer Gynt (the most widely circulated), The League of Youth, Emperor and Galilean (Ibsen himself thinks the show is best), Brand, Pillars of Society, A Doll's House), Ghosts, An Enemy of the People, The Wild Duck, Hedda Gabler, The Lady from the Sea, The Master Builder, Rosmersholm, Little Eyolf), John Gabriel Borkman, When We Dead Awaken
Ibsen spent most of his career in Norway. He left the country at the age of thirty-six, moved to Italy, and has since traveled extensively throughout Europe, mostly in Germany. He returned to China and spent his old age very old.
(Narrator): The genius number is big and you have to go out. Many writers who refuse to leave the old place, or writers who cannot write abroad, compared with Ibsen, I can call it "easy not to give birth"—no eggs.
(Narrator): Ibsen's social drama is not formulaic, conceptual, and outdated. What is reality? It's not formulaic, it's not conceptual
(Narrator): Ibsen wrote the dialogue very concisely, not much. Before him, Norwegian theatrical dialogue was in Danish, and to Ibsen, in Norwegian. Influenced by him, There was Strindberg in Sweden, Brandeis in Denmark, Hugo von Hofmannsthal in Germany, Giuseppe Giacosa in Italy, and George Bernard Shaw in England.
Ibsen had his own stage world and unique features. He took on a human possibility, and it was a great possibility, and it was played to the extreme.
Stockmann, the protagonist of Enemy of the People, says, "The most isolated man in the world is the most powerful!" ”
Bjornstjerne Bjornson (1832-1910) was the first Norwegian to win the Nobel Prize. The Newly Married Couple.
(Narrator): Ibsen concentrated on writing plays and poems, and Bjørnsson wrote plays, novels, poems, and political treatises, and there were many works, compared to which they were not as good as Ibsen's fine review. Talented people, greedy, in fact, not as good as fine. Bo but not refined, very ridiculous, this can also be used in love.
Bionson's personality influence is greater than the type of influence of his works (Cai Yuanpei in China, Rousseau in France, Emerson in the United States, all belong to this category)
(Narrator): Bjørnsson belonged to Norway and Ibsen belonged to the world.
Jonas Lie (1833-1908). Fame is second only to Bjørnsson and Ibsen. People in Paris, writing about the homeland.
Knut Hamsun (1859-1952), Nobel Laureate. Works: Hunger, Victoria
(Narrator): "Compassion" carries a lot of weight in the hearts of Chinese, which is actually humanitarianism, benevolence and compassion. The most important thing in the world is compassion. Man depends on the love of man, and there is no hope. People go to church, or raise cats and dogs, but they want to get a little love from God, or from animals. But true compassion should come from people and give people. The sympathy of Russian literature is particularly great. The most recent Russian among Norwegian writers, Hamson.
Sweden
August Strindberg (1849-1912), known as the "King of the Storm". The Red Room, the short story Getting Married, the screenplay The Father, Miss Julie, To Damascus, A Dream Play, By the Open Sea, and the autobiographical novel The Son of a Servant), Black Banners
"All this Nietzsche taught me."
(Narrator): Strindberg was a pessimist. He always had to prove that the most precious thing was what was not available, and that man was the craftsman who made the suffering.
Before Strindberg, there were no one-act plays, and it was only after him that one-act plays were officially established as an artistic category, just as after Maupassant, the short story became a short story.
Ellen Key (1849-1926), feminist activist, not literary. Love and Marriage
Verner von Heidenstam (1859-1940).
(Narrator): Lu Xun benefited from Russian literature, Yu Dafu studied Rousseau, Guo Moruo learned Goethe, Contradiction studied Zola, Barkin studied Romain Roland – how did he learn? First, the heart is not sincere; second, it is insufficient.
(Narrator): The artist is sensitive to the impact. Influenced and independent, is a genius.
It has not been affected in the past, and it is not too late to make up for it now. Affected, don't be afraid that you can't be independent. I imitated Cézanne for ten years, with Gide for twenty years, with Nietzsche for thirty years, and with Edostowski for more than forty years. With this, I slowly established myself. Don't be afraid to be affected.
"The wise man is the one who is amazed that it all happens together."
Ireland
The Irish nation is the most childlike people in the world. Early Irish literature was rooted in myths and monsters and became a tradition, as ancient as before the Age of Christ. Ancient legends can be divided into three major lines: First, mythological cycle (mythological cycle), which talks about the conflict of gods. Second, the Red Branch Cycle (also known as the Hero System), the story takes place in the seventh and eighth centuries of the Jesus chronicle. ）; The Fenian Cycle (two hundred years after the Red Branch, with the main figures being Finn Mac Cumhail and his son Ossian)
Oliver Goldsmith, Edmund Burke, Oscar Wilde, who are said to be English writers, are actually Irish.
James Clarence Mangan (1803-1849) was the most talented of any teenager in "Young Ireland" and was a pioneer of the "Celtic Revival".
Maria Edgeworth is a novelist who writes about the life of the Irish
Charles Lever writes the story of the young prodigal son
Samuel Lover writes about peasant life
Gerald Griffin (1803-1840), devoted himself to middle-class life
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939), the most prominent figure in Irish literature. Works: The Wanderings of Oisin, Poetry, The Wind Among the Reeds, Lake Isle of Innisfree
"My mind is mature, my flesh is decaying."
"An old man is nothing but a humble thing, a torn garment draped over a cane" – "Sailing to Byzantium"
(Narrator): "The return of Jesus" is a parable, not a fact.