Pan Deyu Calligraphy Album (Multi-Person Inscription)
Some of the inscriptionists:
Pan Deyu (1785-1839) Zi Yanfu, Si Nong, nicknamed Gunting Jushi, Sanlu Jushi, Nian Chongxueren, Nianshi Daoren, Jiangsu Shanyang people. Qianlong was born in 1785 in Cheqiao Town, Shanyang County (present-day Huai'an City), Huai'an Province, Jiangnan Province. Ancestors lived in the county town, and since mr. Qiqiao was a bridge person. Ninth Emperor Zu PanXi, Ming Zhengde Jinshi, official to the right deputy capital Yushi, Henan Inspector. The Pan family experienced social changes and turmoil during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the family fell in the middle of the road, but it was still a family of scholars. Zu Zhaodi, father Zongrui, were both born, taught to read all their lives, and were poor for a lifetime. Zong Rui had high attainments in both classics and poetics. "The scriptures are famous for a while, and they are especially good at it." (Cao Wei's "Letter to the Present") is the author of the "Collected Poems of The Zhen Zhen". “...... Its poetry is also mellow and colorful, taste handsome and ancient. (Huang Juezi's "Collected Poems and Prefaces to the Poems of the Zi Zhen") Mother Lu Also Knows the Book, Tong Poetry.
Pan Deyu was "young and intelligent, and recited like an adult", entered the family school at the age of six, officially received employment from Zhang Lidong (now Peng) at the age of eight, and was able to write poems at the age of nine, and his two poems "Old Tree" and "Pear Blossom" were quite appreciated by his fathers. When he was eleven years old, his mother Lu Shi died, he missed day and night, "crying incessantly", and his stepfather was "suffering from hemoptysis", bedridden, prolonged medical treatment, diet and soup, all of which were handled by him. In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Pan Deyu was sixteen years old, entered the county school, and was a xiucai. The scholar Qian Fan "took the ancient learning first", and the prefect Gong Maobi called him "a wizard in the sea". It is the autumn of the year, it should be "Pengshen Township, the house recommendation is not for sale". Eleven years (1806) years old subject test first, for the twin, "rice eating". After that, "repeatedly trapped in the state", except for the year of the opening of the department, he went to Jinling (present-day Nanjing) to take the exam, and all of them taught apprentices in the township and wrote books and lectures. Successively, he was found in the Ma clan of Shajiazhuang, the Ding clan and the Wang clan in the city, the Yan clan and the Liang clan in Hexia, the Bao clan and the Shao clan in Cheqiao, and there were many scholars. Ding Yan and Lu, who later became famous scholars, ancient writers, scribes, and poets, studied under Pan, and Kong Jijun and Wu Kuntian went out. "Chu Yi enlisted Ruan Yuan as the governor of Caoyun, Mr. Zhao, and did not resign." Later, the great officials Zhu Guizhen and Zhou Tianjue were "willing to pay mr. Yu". Pan was also thankful.
In the third year of Daoguang (1823), Pan Deyu built three book houses outside the Shaw house in Cheqiao, which was named "Yang Yi Zhai", and the book Lianyun: "Teaching Compassion and Reverence for Honesty and Shame; Bo Qiajing Article" expressed his self-encouragement, his interest in standing in the world, indifferent to tranquility, and his perseverance to learn tirelessly. Since then, "Mr. Yangichi" has become famous all over the world.
In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), "Zhong Chang (Yangshan) and Huang Juezi (Shu Zhai) Main Jiangnan Examination", Pan Deyu once again took the exam and unveiled Xie Yuan (the first person to raise people), "the scholar was very calm, and he was called a well-known scholar". Friend Qiu Guangye He Shiyun: "The sky shines geng bi star, the cold window is hard thirty years, the article has a price to close the wind, and the township is typical from now on." "By this time Pan was forty-four years old. Since the spring of the following year, Pan Deyu has participated in the examination six times and failed to pass the entrance examination. In the tenth year of Daoguang (1830), chun was hired by Zhong Yangshan, a master, to go to the Beijing Pavilion to teach his sons Zong Yi and Zong You for nearly two years. During his stay in Beijing, he became acquainted with literary celebrities Zhang Jiliang (Heng Fu), Yao Ying, and so on, Zhang Jiliang was a famous "madman", a close friend of Lin Zexu, and the articles written by Yao Ying were quite patriotic, and this group of intellectuals with reform ideas gathered together in the YingShun Tianxiang examination and the examination to "discuss and chase, in order to seek the truth of the article, and also to win and shrink and decline with the luck of the qi, and one of the several waves of the shu flows returned", and Pan Deyu "whenever the wine was hot in the ears, generously discussed the world's major events, and the drooling was carried out." He has always advocated "learning to self-denial" and "applying it through the ages." At that time, when the officials were corrupt and the morale was degenerate, he proposed that the purpose of the readers' articles should be to "save the fortunes of the world", thinking that "the great diseases of the world are not one more than one' official, and the word, especially the word 'example', but the word 'profit' is not outside." "That is to say, the scourge of the world lies in the officials, and at that time there were many officials, and the officials harmed the people, especially those who insisted on the rules for the officials, did not think about reform, did not think of making progress, and their essence was that the officials chased money and corrupted the law. This phrase can be described as to the point of the times, reflecting his political ambition to strive for excellence.
In the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835), nearly eight years after Pan Deyuzhong was cited, he "picked a big pick" in Beijing and distributed anhui alternate Zhi County, although he believed that "Dangzhi County can save the world, it must be done." ("Family Letter") Is it not easy to talk about how to change from "alternate" to "actual teaching". He finally "withdrew with shallow subjects" and did not go to his post. Soon after, he went to Funing to serve as a lecturer at Guanhai Academy, and then he continued his teaching career in Yizheng and Yao YingjiaShu in Yangzhou. In the nineteenth year of Daoguang (1839), Pan Deyu died of illness at the age of fifty-five. Twenty years later, the Huai'an academic circles held a solemn ceremony to welcome Pan's "divine throne" into the Xian ancestral hall of the provincial xuexiang.
Pan Deyu has been teaching for nearly forty years, and in addition to being a student, he has devoted himself to mechanics and writings, and there are "Yang Yi Zhai Collection" that has been handed down, a large number of unpublished manuscripts have been scattered and difficult to find, and there are still a few treasures in the hands of Huai people, regarded as treasures.
There are sixteen volumes of the Yang Yi Zhai Collection, including ten volumes of poems, fourteen volumes of literature, one volume of Nian Shizi, one volume of Funeral Customs, thirteen volumes of Poetry, three volumes of Dictionary, and nine volumes of Notes. Another volume of "Shi'er Long Language" and a volume of "Golden Kettle Wave Ink". Pan Deyu was poor all his life and could not print his own works, and the earliest one in the "Collection" was the "Yang Yi Zhai Poetry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Poetry"), which was published by his friend Xu Baoshan in the sixteenth year of Daoguang (11836), and the rest of the works were engraved by friends and students after his death. I would like to make a brief review of Pan Deyou's poetic theory in poetry.
The "Poetry" consists of ten volumes, with three volumes of "Li Du's Poetry", preceded by the "Preface" written by Zhong Yangshan and Xu Baoshan. The "Poetry" expounds the source of the development of poetry from the "Book of Poetry" to the Qing Dynasty, and evaluates the artistic achievements, poetic propositions and gains and losses of poets of all generations, and the content is very extensive. The basic idea of "Poetry" is to inherit the traditional "gentle and generous" poetic teaching principle, emphasize the indoctrination role of literary works, require the content of poetry to be "pure" and "innocent", criticize the pure "temperament" point of view, oppose poets to use poetry creation as an expression of personal disposition, "the highest is nothing more than a tool to mock the wind and snow, make flowers and plants". In art, it advocates the real beauty and natural beauty embodied by the enriched content, advocates "poetry and noble quality" and "profoundness", and opposes deliberate carving and work. As for "poetic teaching", it does not advocate naked preaching, but advocates that "reason does not have to be included in poetry, and poetry cannot be reasoned out", and attaches importance to the "theological artistic conception" of poetry, that is, the "enlightenment" of poetry, which needs to be carried out in a subtle way. Pan Deyu's poetry theory represented the ideas and voices of progressive intellectuals at that time for poetry creation. After the compilation of "Poetry", Pan went to Kyoto with his manuscript, which was widely disseminated among friends and caused a strong shock in the poetry world. Xu Baoshanyun: "It is the words of the book not Pan Zi alone, and the public words of the world." The public words of the world will be made public to the world, and they will be published and published. ...... It is the poetry of the old people's hearts and the poetry of Chang, the poetry of the chang and the world's fortune, the poetry of the floating and strange and the obscene, and the fortune of the people's hearts and the fortunes of the world and the suffering of the people, and the book of the panzi today will be in line with the gentleness and thickness, and the purpose of the resentment of the masses, which is the connection of the ancient and modern games, and the heart of everyone is compelled to speak, and the hand of the special false Panzi is the cloud of the book. ("Poetry· Preface") It can be seen that "Poetry" is Pan De's attempt to change the poetic style, and then "
Correct people's hearts", changing the social atmosphere and making poetry serve the political and religious services.
Secondly, "Poetry" emphasizes the role of poets' temperament, learning, and cultivation in poetry, and proposes that the work of learning poetry is mainly not in poetry but outside poetry. He believes that Lu You Shizi said: "Ru Guo wants to learn poetry, and Kung Fu is in poetry."
Outside", is "to the point of saying, can sweep away all poetry". It emphasizes the combination of the poet's temperament and learning, and the two "must be and be the same". When Qianlongnian asked, Yuan Ming advocated the poem "Sexual Spirit Theory" and opened his eyes to the "Yanshi Palace Body", and Pan Deyu made a sharp criticism of Yuan's poetry: "My so-called temperamental person, in three hundred articles, takes a word, and the day is 'soft and straight'. "Straight" means not to be afraid of the strong, "soft" is to sympathize with the poor and weak, "poor years to worry about Li Yuan, to quench the heat in the intestines" . Poetry should be expressed in the mournful feelings of the country and the people, which had obvious progressive significance at that time.
When analyzing the artistic achievements and shortcomings of poets in the past, "Poetry" has many unique and incisive insights. When Pan Deyu was a teenager, he studied Han Wei and Du Fu poems, fell in love with Wang Shizhen's works at the age of nearly twenty, and later transferred to Han Yu and Su Shi, and then joined Wen Tingjun, Li Bai, and Li He. He studied poetry for decades, laying a deep literary foundation, making his vision particularly sharp and able to detect problems that others could not notice. For example, Wang Changling's famous poem "From the Army": "The desert wind and dust are yellow, the red flag is half hidden out of the gate, and the former army fought in The north of the river at night, and has reported that the life has been captured in Guhun." Ordinary people praise his poems for their majesty and grandeur, and at the same time reflect the fact that "death is the death of people, and merit is the merit of the general". Through the analysis of the poem's phrases such as "the sun is yellow", "half covered", "night battle", "raw capture", etc., Pan believes that this poem "covers the Lord's day and night, and the door begins to come out, and the forward has fought at night and captured the enemy." The intention of the poem is to satirize those "masters" who only give orders, are lazy in fighting, and covet the merits of heaven. From here, we can see the characteristics of Pan Deyu's observation and reading experience.
Poetry is an important form of ancient literary criticism theory in China, which officially appeared in the Song Dynasty, and the Ming and Qing dynasties have developed greatly, and the number is too large to be counted. Only in the Qing Dynasty before Pan's Wang Fuzhi, Wang Shizhen, Shen Deqian, Xue Xue, Yuan Ming, Weng Fanggang, etc. all had poetic works, Pan's "Poetry" was unique in the vast "Forest of Poetry", and the poetic views of modern poets such as Liu Xizai, Liang Qichao, and Zhou Shi were all influenced by Pan. Modern scholar Guo Shaoyu included Pan's "Poetry" in the "Continuation of Qing Poetry", and the "Selected Poetry commentaries on past dynasties" (Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House) published in recent years also excerpted some chapters of Pan's poetry, which shows that Pan's poetry theory has always received people's attention and attention.
Pan Deyu's academic and literary achievements are by no means only in poetry, he has a deep attainment in the study of fu, ancient texts, poems, words and even "Dream of the Red Chamber", and he can also be called an expert and scholar in the study of scripture and philosophy.
Pandeyu Shuzha