In the history of China, the longest surviving dynasty, except for the xia (470 years) and the Shang (554) and Zhou (790 years) of the previous three generations, is the Han Dynasty that enjoyed 405 years.
Some people believe that the Han Dynasty lasted for more than four hundred years and was related to the unremitting pursuit of filial piety. "Ruling the world with filial piety" can be regarded as the governing program of the Han Dynasty, and through the vigorous advocacy and practice of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, filial piety was expanded from family ethics to social ethics and political ethics. "Filial piety comes first", promoting the concept of filial piety in the world, so that the elderly can get the necessary respect, of course, is the right way in the world.
To carry out the policy of filial piety, it is necessary to set up some examples of filial piety. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, there was a widow surnamed Chen who served her adoptive mother-in-law for 28 years, and Emperor Wen of Han felt her filial piety and personally gave her the glorious title of "filial piety". In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Linzi people Jiang Ge was famous for his filial piety, and the Guangwu Emperor also gave him the title of "Giant Filial Piety", and of course, he also gave a very rich material reward: "Shigu Qianhu".
In the Han Dynasty, a hu was equal to 1 stone, and 1 stone was equal to 10 buckets, for a total of 120 pounds. oh! The reward of filial piety is that the imperial court rewards hundreds of thousands of catties of grain, huh! I'm afraid there is no such a big warehouse at home.
Advocating filial piety will inevitably lead to the problem of filial piety after a hundred years of old age. Since "deposing a hundred schools and respecting Confucianism alone," the teachings of the saints are of course unpublished. In the Analects, Confucius said: "The son is born for three years, and then he is free from the arms of his parents, and the widow of the husband for three years is also the mourner of the whole world." "The saint believes that the child is in the mother's womb for nearly one year, and there are two more years after birth before it can leave the arms of the parents, these three years are the hardest time for the father, and the three years of filial piety are only a little reward for the parents.
Therefore, keeping filial piety for three years (twenty-seven months in practice) became a ceremonial system, and keeping filial piety at home was "keeping the system". During this period, the filial piety does not socialize, does not entertain, and there is another item that does not marry or hire, and requires the husband and wife to live separately and do not share a room.
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty records a figure like Wei Biao: "Filial piety is pure, parents are dead, mourn for three years, and do not go to bed." After all, the bones of the barren bones were alienated, and the medical treatment was up for several years. "Mourning the bones is to say that this great filial piety has been keeping filial piety for his parents for three years, because the thoughts and sadness are too deep and too heavy, and the thinness is not human, and it takes several years of treatment."
There is also a record in the Book of Later Han that there was also a great filial piety in Le'an County, Shandong, whose surname was Zhao Mingxuan, and after burying his parents, he did not close the tomb and lived in it himself, serving the funeral for more than twenty years. The people of the township praised his filial piety and were regarded as a model of filial piety.
The state and county invited him to come out as an official several times, but he resigned.
The Han Dynasty attached great importance to filial piety, and "filial piety" was one of the important ways to select officials. Those who are promoted to filial piety are often appointed as "langs", which is also the only way to obtain official positions. Magistrates have the responsibility to visit and recommend good parents and honest people to become officials. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once issued an edict: All officials above two thousand stones must observe filial piety, otherwise they will be punished as disrespectful and incompetent. This is a hard requirement for officials, otherwise there is no filial piety under the rule, indicating that there is no official morality and no ability to educate the people. If the assessment is unqualified, not only does it have no face and no political achievements, but it is estimated that even the official hat is not guaranteed.
Later, Chen Fan, a famous minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, came to Le'an to serve as a Taishou (about Chen Fan as a person, you can refer to the humble work: ""Words are a scholar, behavior is a model of the world", and the readers do not understand him, it is a bit lonely"), and his subordinates recommended Zhao Xuan to him.
Chen Fan was a generation of celebrities, he was initially elected as a filial piety, serving in the county, and later because of the death of his mother, he resigned from the government for three years. Now that there is such a typical filial piety under his own rule, he is of course very interested.
So he made a home visit, asked about his wife and children during the conversation with Zhao Xuan, and inadvertently learned a truth, which made Chen Fan particularly angry, Zhao Xuan's five children were all born during his filial piety in the cemetery!
The Analects of the Analects: "Husbands and gentlemen live in mourning, they are not willing to eat, they are not happy, they are unhappy, and they are uneasy in their dwellings", others do not eat well, do not live well, you are good, and you actually give birth to a group of children, which is obviously contrary to the lack of room between husband and wife during the observance period stipulated in the etiquette system.
Therefore, Chen Fan believes that Zhao Xuan "deceived the world and stole names, confused the masses, and insulted ghosts and gods" and was an authentic false filial piety!
Not only did the officials have nothing to do, Chen Fan, such a person with a square disposition, of course, could not rub sand in his eyes, and simply cured Zhao Xuan's crime.
As for Chen Fan's approach, I personally think there is something debatable.
Exposing and punishing, targeting Zhao Xuan's fraud, but invisibly hurting filial piety, originally a well-known filial piety, is an example for everyone to learn together, once the facts are punctured and the true face is revealed, it has undoubtedly become a joke and become negative energy.
So what can be done properly? Externally, it can be preached that Zhao Xuan is praiseworthy for filial piety, and reward the family to move to the capital. In fact, it is sent to the backwoods of the poor countryside, so that he can hide his name and stay away from everyone's sight.
Just a personal childish idea, if there is a high opinion, welcome to leave a message to teach.
Looking at the two Han Dynasties, except for Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty and Liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the other emperors all took "filial piety" as their nickname, such as Emperor Xiaohui, Emperor Xiaowen, Emperor Xiaowu, Emperor Xiaozhao, and so on. According to the Imperial Chronicles of the Book of Han and the Book of Later Han, from Emperor Huidi of the Western Han Dynasty to Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court praised filial piety and knighthood 32 times, and more were praised in places below the imperial court. Xu Tianlin of the Song Dynasty believed that the Han Dynasty "won the prosperity of the people, but it was like filial piety, which was beyond the reach of future generations." It can be seen that filial piety and honesty as an official have a long-term effect on consolidating the ruling order of the Han Dynasty.
From this perspective, the Han Dynasty sat for a long time, which had a great relationship with the governing party based on "filial piety".
Reference Books: "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", "Analects", "Book of Han", "Eastern Han Huijiao"