Text/Three Less
Cai Chang, the oldest female Red Army member in the Red Army's Long March, was known as the "Saint of the Long March". During the arduous Long March, Cai Chang kept an old photo of his mother with him.
Mother is a lamp in Cai Chang's life.
Pictured: Ge Jianhao in the elderly
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" > mother said: Reading is to save the country. </h1>
Cai Chang's mother, named Ge Jianhao, formerly known as Ge Lanying, was a small-footed woman born in feudal society. The small-footed woman, in a sense, seems to be synonymous with uneducated, old-fashioned people.
However, although her mother Glen Ying wrapped her feet, she was clever and clever since she was a child, and her understanding was particularly high.
My mother's father was originally a staff general in the Xiang Army, and he served as a salt transport envoy and a messenger according to the inspection. Therefore, in the Ge family, when He was in a solid family, When Ge Lanying was five or six years old, he studied with his brother Ge Wangqin in the home library and could also recite the "Four Books".
In 1913, the Xiangxiang County First Girls' School began to recruit students, and her mother sold her dowry jewelry and took Cai Chang, Cai Chang's brother Cai Hesen, Cai Chang's sister Cai Qingxi, and Cai Qingxi's daughter Liu Ang to the county's First Girls' School to study.
That year, her mother, Glen Young, was 48 years old.
However, the teacher who signed up saw that her mother was so old, and refused to let her sign up.
In the eyes of the world, this 48-year-old wife who has become a grandmother has signed up to study is purely troublemaking! Don't you see so many 18-year-old women outside, all at home honestly cooking and washing, taking the soles of their shoes to mend their socks?
The stubborn mother was very angry after being rejected, so she asked her son Cai Hesen to write a letter for her, and the mother walked into the county court of Xiangxiang County to get justice for herself.
In the county gate, after reading the paper she handed over, the county official asked, "What is your name?"
My mother replied, "My original name was Ge Lanying, and now my name has been changed to Ge Jianhao, and 'Jian' means to be a strong general in transforming society, and 'Hao' is to be a strong man who can overthrow the feudals."
After listening to his mother's answer, the county official was shocked and asked, "Why do you want to study?"
The mother replied loudly: "To seek the truth of salvation, both men and women must read!" "
The county magistrate stared at this proud woman, unable to speak for a long time, but silently praised her in his heart: This is really a great woman!
Pictured: Ge Jianhao in the play
Therefore, the county officials approved the four words "Qi Zhi Ke Jia" on the submission, and the First Girls' School therefore admitted Ge Jianhao.
In this way, the mother successfully entered the Xiangxiang County First Girls' School and studied in the high school with her son Cai Hesen. Cai Chang attended the junior primary class, and the eldest daughter Cai Qingxi attended the sewing class.
The days of studying at school with his mother were the best time in Cai Chang's life. She cherished this rare learning opportunity, read very hard, and continued to study every night.
Therefore, Cai Chang's results are very good.
Mothers, on the other hand, are as studious and conscientious as they are. At the end of that year, the tuition fees they brought were finished, and my mother took the family back to her hometown of Yongfeng Town.
That year, Cai Chang was only 13 years old.
After returning to her hometown, her mother overcame many difficulties to open a school and served as the principal, which was then called "Xiangxiang Girls' Second School". Most of the students who come to the school are young and middle-aged girls from poor families, and for students with financial difficulties, their mothers also pay a certain monthly living allowance.
In school, my mother not only taught cultural knowledge, but she also often preached about the current situation, discussed state affairs, and talked about women's liberation.
She advocates students to sing and dance, and actively organizes many sports activities such as high jump, long jump, and racing. At that time, among the students of the girls' school, it became common to "put their feet down", keep their hair short, advocate women's self-reliance and self-reliance, and oppose feudal arranged marriages.
At that time, in order to save money, Cai Chang transferred to the school run by her mother, and also taught music and physical education classes. Looking at the face in the school that is eager for knowledge, and a female student with short hair walking freely in the school, 13-year-old Cai Chang seems to suddenly understand what her mother said: good reading, seek the truth to save the country!
Advocating women's studies and adhering to women's rights, mothers use practical actions to practice the theory of what they are studying for, and play a constructive role in the Chinese women's liberation movement.
Pictured: The heroic Cai Chang
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" > the most memorable memory</h1>
In Cai Chang's memories, reading hard with his mother is the most beautiful memory. So, what are the deepest memories?
Runaway!
That year, Cai Chang was less than 14 years old.
At that time, Cai Chang was immersed in reading with a mind, and her father Cai Rongfeng returned to her hometown from Huahua's shanghai. That summer, my father frequently visited a local landowner.
After a few times, his father accepted 500 yuan of Guangyang and sold the young Cai Chang to the family as a child bride.
Cai Chang, who was bent on pursuing his studies and enterprising, learned of this news, like five thunderbolts! Stunned, she didn't know how to resist! And the mother, extremely indignant at her husband's behavior of pushing her daughter into the fire pit!
Opposing the inferiority of men and women and opposing feudal arranged marriages has always been actively advocated by mothers! Moreover, her child Cai Chang is still a good and diligent child, and she must not let her child become a victim of feudal society.
So she encouraged her daughter to fight her father actively.
The mother also secretly told her son Cai Hesen, who was studying in Changsha, and Cai Hesen also strongly opposed his father's behavior. In the end, the 3 people agreed that the problem could only be solved by using the method of "escape from marriage".
With the help of his mother and brother, Cai Chang successfully escaped from his hometown and hid in the home of a relative in Changsha. After that, Cai Chang successfully found his brother Cai and Sen.
That year, Cai Chang not only successfully escaped marriage, but also entered the school again.
It was with the support of his mother that young Cai Chang dared to pluck up the courage to leave home and come to Changsha, start learning again, and embark on the road of a new life!
At that time, Changsha Zhounan Girls' School was enrolling students, and she went to apply for the Music and Sports Major. In the name column of the registration form, Cai Chang wrote his new name "Cai Chang" in a dignified manner.
Yes, Cai Chang was not originally named Cai Chang, her original name was Cai Xianxi.
Like her mother, she changed her old name to express her comfortable mood after battling fate. Moreover, like her mother, she will not yield to fate and change her destiny!
At that time, his brother Cai Hesen was also admitted to the Hunan Provincial Higher Normal School! With the encouragement of Cai Hesen and Cai Chang, the 51-year-old mother Ge Jianhao brought her daughter Cai Qingxi and granddaughter Li Ang from Yongfeng to Changsha to study.
Ge Jianhao enrolled in the culture studied by female teachers, Cai Qingxi enrolled in Changsha Autonomous Girls' School to learn sewing and embroidery, and Liu Ang enrolled in Zhounan Girls' School Kindergarten. As a result, the three generations of the Cai family and 5 people went to the provincial city to study, and the three generations of the family entered the Xiangxiang county to seek new knowledge, which was passed on as a good story in the provincial city.
There is a house of gold in the book, and there is a beautiful jade in the book.
The power of role models is endless, as a mother, Ge Jianhao, actively studying, positive and upward, to the growing children to establish a very correct direction and strength!
Pictured: Young Cai and Sen
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" > revolution</h1>
Her mother's spirit of diligent study also won the heartfelt admiration of Mao Zedong and a group of aspiring young people.
Every time he saw Cai Hesen's mother, Mao Zedong always respectfully respected her "Aunt Cai". Among her son's many friends, the mother admired Mao Zedong the most. Not only did she often encourage her children to follow Mao's example, she herself actively participated in and supported the revolutionary actions of these young people.
My mother's home also became a place for them to talk about current affairs and exchange ideas.
When studying at the Higher Normal School, Cai and Sen grew up very fast. Whenever he accepted new knowledge, he always liked to tell his mother in letters.
Every time Ge Jianhao accepted his son's new ideas, he immediately spread them to the students. Gradually, the mother's school soon became a position to propagate democracy and new ideas.
At that time, the Education Bureau had a rule that students were required to read the Bible and do "prayers" on Sundays to pray to God. However, my mother often changed the Bible lesson to a Chinese language class, and used the time of "worship" to tell the students about the current situation and state affairs.
Later, in 1924, with the active participation and efforts of Ge Jianhao and others, the provisions of the Hunan Provincial Constitution clearly stated the content of "equal rights for men and women", creating a precedent for the Constitution to include equality between men and women.
Later, Cai Chang recalled:
"My mother was an amazing woman at that time. She was nearly 50 years old when the Xinhai Revolution broke out in 1911, but she was heavily influenced by the revolution. "
Pictured: Mao Zedong in his youth
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="04" > the meaning of staying in the ocean</h1>
After the May Fourth Movement, the movement of studying in France and studying diligently and thriftily formed a climax throughout the country. Needless to say, not every student studying in France really understands the meaning of studying abroad in their hearts. Perhaps, following the trend and following the form is the mentality of some students studying in foreign countries.
In June 1918, Cai he and Sen went to Beijing to organize a work-study trip to France. After that, Xiang Jingyu and Cai Chang also responded positively to Cai hesen, and they launched the "Hunan Women's Work-study Society in France" in Changsha.
Lack of money is an eternal theme from ancient times to the present, and Cai and Sen have encountered this problem without exception.
It is true that at that time, the biggest difficulty of the study and thrift movement in France was the lack of money, and some difficult families could not even get the money for the ferry tickets abroad.
At this time, her mother could no longer take out the dowry jewelry to exchange for travel expenses, but fortunately, her mother's mother's family and Zeng Guofan were distant relatives, so she sought support from Nie Yuntai, the grandson of Zeng Guofan.
Nie Yuntai was a local tycoon during the Republic of China period, after the outbreak of the First World War, China's national cotton textile industry gained room for development, and Nie Yuntai used this opportunity to make a lot of money.
When Ge Jianhao went to him, Nie Yuntai was the leader of shanghai's industrial and commercial circles at that time, and he also took a stake in some of the country's largest spinning mills. Therefore, Nie Yuntai helped her borrow 600 yuan from The Yufeng Spinning Factory, which solved the difficulties of some people.
However, in Cai and Sen's eyes, his mother was by no means an ordinary littlefoot woman. When their mother helped raise some of the funds, Cai and Sen actively mobilized their mother to study with them in France.
At first, the mother was a little hesitant.
Later, Cai Hesen told his mother that this trip to France was not simply to learn the advanced cultural and scientific knowledge of the West, but mainly to learn new and advanced ideas in Europe and cultivate new revolutionary talents.
This sentence has worked.
Therefore, on December 25, 1919, at the Yangshupu Wharf in Shanghai, 53-year-old Ge Jianhao, together with Cai Hesen, Cai Chang, Xiang Jingyu and more than 30 other students, set off on a French mail ship and embarked on a journey to study in France.
Before leaving, the mother said to the send-off:
"If a person lives in the world, he must live a meaningful life, and if we go to study abroad now, we can return to China in the future to do something important to save the country and save the people."
Mother's words had a great impact on the youth of the time. Because, even if they are on an ocean-going ship, there are still many young people who still have hesitations and doubts about the purpose of this trip!
During his 4 years in France, Cai Chang witnessed a more legendary aspect of his mother. The wisdom of the mother, the diligence of the mother, the tenacity of the mother, and the realm of the mother all made Cai Chang look at her mother with admiration.
Pictured: Ge Jianhao in France
In terms of learning, my mother's grade is older, her memory is poor, and she does not have any foreign language foundation. However, like a primary school student, my mother is diligent and can make up for it, and she studies meticulously.
Every day of the day, the mother got up the earliest and slept the latest. Finally, my mother was able to talk in French and read French newspapers!
Not only learning, my mother has also exerted her talents to the extreme in the 4 years she has stayed in The Ocean.
The mother's female reds do a great job, especially the embroidery. During her 4 years in France, my mother insisted on embroidery in addition to learning cultural knowledge.
Mother's embroidery craftsmanship is exquisite, and the embroidery she makes, French women love it very much! One piece can sell for a few tens of francs to hundreds of francs. In addition to the money from the sale of embroidery for herself and her children to study and live, the mother also uses the excess money to support other students in need.
In a foreign country, how many times to pick the lamp to read at night, how many times will flying needles under the lamp, that tireless figure, more than once touched the young heart of 20-year-old Cai Chang.
In France, my mother was also actively involved in the revolutionary activities of students studying in France.
In July 1921, Cai Hesen launched the party building activities in France and organized the European branch of the Chinese Communist Youth League, with Zhou Enlai as the general secretary.
For this great feat of her son, the mother gave great support and help. She even initiated the organization of the "Open Overseas University Women's Petition Team", and she walked at the front of the line to petition at the University of Lyon.
Looking at the mother who walked at the front of the line and was full of emotion, Cai Chang burst into tears, and the figure of the mother was getting taller and taller!
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="05" > revolution and reality are not contradictory</h1>
In Cai Chang's life, she has encountered countless difficulties and ups and downs, and has also gained high honors and achievements. However, the softest place in her heart is still her love with Li Fuchun.
Li Fuchun and Cai Chang, both from Hunan, were born in the same month of the same year, and Cai Chang was more than a week older than Li Fuchun. While studying in France, at a gathering of students studying in France, two energetic young people met.
The mother is very fond of the simple and lively Li Fuchun, and she actively supports her daughter and Li Fuchun to have more contact and understanding. With the strong encouragement of their mother, Cai Chang and Li Fuchun fell in love freely and married happily.
At that time, free love and free marriage were also Cai Chang's brothers Cai Hesen and Xiang Jingyu.
Of course, our young people now, whether it is who the boy loves or the girl loves, can boldly confess on their own. I am afraid that it is difficult to understand the shackles under the feudal marriage system: love is difficult, love is twisted, and even, love is not allowed.
An open-minded mother makes the love path of Cai Chang and Cai Hesen warm and sweet! Therefore, Cai Chang is very grateful to his mother in his heart.
At that time, Cai Chang in France, his thinking was very clear. She knew deep down that she had chosen the cause of communism and would fight for it for the rest of her life. And how far the road of revolution is and how tortuous the road is, Cai Chang knows it all.
Therefore, after marriage, after Cai Chang learned that she was pregnant, she did not have the joy of becoming a new mother, but rather sorrow. In the future life, Cai Chang did not reserve the child's place at all.
It was not that she did not want children, but that she knew that she was powerless to take care of them, and was especially afraid that their revolutionary cause would cause misfortune to children. Therefore, Cai Chang, who has a stubborn personality, wants to have this child an abortion.
This time, her mother was on the opposite side of her, and she strongly opposed Cai Chang's risky miscarriage. Ge Jianhao understood Cai Chang's concerns, but did not approve of his daughter's idea of choosing between revolution and having children.
The mother said: You are born, I raise, no matter how difficult, I will raise the child as an adult.
Pictured: Cai Chang and Deng Yingchao
Under the persuasion of her mother and husband Li Fuchun, Cai Chang gave birth to her daughter Tete in the spring of 1923. In order to show his determination to fight for the revolution all his life, Cai Chang underwent ligature surgery on the delivery bed.
That autumn, her mother returned to her homeland with Tete, who was only half a year old. Since then, Tete has followed his grandmother' side, from Changsha to Wuhan, from Wuhan to Shanghai, from Shanghai to Yongfeng, Hunan, and from a toddler to a thoughtful and far-sighted teenager.
At the end of 1938, at the age of 15, Tete left his grandmother to study at the Monino International Children's Institute in the Soviet Union. Here, Tete met his mother, Cai Chang.
In the Soviet Union, Tete and his mother experienced the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union, and Cai Chang truly saw his daughter's wisdom and tenacity for the first time. In the face of difficulties, her daughter's ability to solve problems and overcome problems has impressed Cai Chang!
Tete, not only the crystallization of her love with her husband, but also her pride!
Cai Chang knows very well: this pride, her mother has spent a lot of effort for herself! Without a mother, there would be no special. Later, after returning to China after completing his studies, Li Tete became a rare talent in the field of agricultural scientific research in China.
In early 1975, Cai Chang's husband Li Fuchun died of illness in Beijing Hospital, and the 75-year-old Cai Chang was deeply saddened!
In the years that followed, Cai Chang, who had lost his revolutionary partner, took Li Yong, the eldest son of his daughter Tete, with him. Living with his little grandson, under the sun, watching his little grandson grow up day by day, Cai Chang truly realized the specific meaning of "teasing his grandson", and gradually faded the grief of losing her husband.
While Cai Chang sighed, he was infinitely grateful to his mother in his heart. Without her mother's insistence on staying in Tete, she would not have been able to feel the joy and meaning of this layer of life outside the revolution in her later years!
Revolution is one's own lofty ideal, the child, one's truest real life. The mother used her actions to tell herself that ideals and reality are not necessarily contradictory.
Pictured: The elderly Li Tete
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="06" > mother, not a member of the Chinese Communist Party, but her name is in the Biography of a Figure in the History of the Communist Party of China. </h1>
Mother, an ordinary person, is an extraordinary mother. Her daughters, sons-in-law, sons, and daughters-in-law all have lofty ideals and are all striving for the ideal country.
Although her mother was not a party member, her name appeared prominently in the Biography of The People of the Communist Party of China. Because, in every word and deed of my mother, she was a qualified Communist Party member.
After the defeat of the Great Revolution, in the environment of white terror, the mother successively traveled to Wuhan and Shanghai to cover her children's revolution.
In 1928, her second son Cai Luxian and third daughter-in-law Xiang Jingyu sacrificed for the revolution. After that, the mother, persuaded by the children, returned to her hometown in Hunan.
In 1931, his son Cai Hesen died heroically in Guangzhou. This tragic news, the family has been hiding from her. Before dying, her mother asked her eldest daughter Cai Qingxi: "Do you have a letter back with Sen and Xianxi?"
The mother finally said, "I will no longer see the success of your cause, but the revolution will be victorious!" "
Yes, the revolution will triumph, no matter how much blood and tears it has cost.
On March 16, 1943, his mother Ge Jianhao died of illness in Yongfeng Shibanchong at the age of 78. At this time, what she still did not know was that her sons Cai hesen had been sacrificed for 12 years.
When Mao Zedong of Yan'an learned of Cai Chang's mother's death, he wrote down the elegance with a pen:
"Old woman, bride, heroic, heroine."
This pair of links is the best interpretation and praise for the mother's life.
Pictured: Forever Ge Jianhao
Sanshao said:
The power of example is infinite!
There are so many things in Ge Jianhao's body that are worth learning from our current mothers.