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Animals have a variety of strategies to fend off predators and capture prey. Some animals use sharp teeth and strong jaws; some rely on camouflage; others secrete highly toxic...
The jellyfish we're going to talk about today is one of the last. Jellyfish are spiny animals that possess spiny sacs that release toxins as well as prey, attack, and defend.
First of all, we need to understand, what is a stingray?
Spiny cell animals, taxonomically affiliated with invertebrates, means that they dorsal side dorsal without a spine. With the exception of a very few species that live in freshwater, the vast majority live in the ocean, mostly in shallow seas and some in deep seas. Echinostris include corals, jellyfish, anemones and hydra, and there are about 11,000 extant species.
The body of the spiny animal is radiatively symmetrical, and the body wall is composed of two layers of cells, the ectoderm and the endoderm, and the two germ layers are filled with the colloidal substance they secrete.
Spiny cells are aggressive and defensive cells that spiny animals have, and look like coiled tiny "harpoons." Inside the spine cells are the nematocysts , a very typical feature of spiny animals , with a cap plate at the tip of the sac and a slender coil of spines inside the sac. Depending on the form of the sacs and filaments it emits, there are about 30 different types for predation, defense, and sometimes even movement.
When undisturbed, the spiny filaments of the spiny animals stay safely in their sacs. Once subjected to physical or chemical disturbances, such as when an unsuspecting beach visitor hits a jellyfish's tentacles, the spines are removed from the sac. The whole process only takes about 3 milliseconds, and there is no time for people to escape. These stimuli are stimulated even after the spiny animal dies or the tentacles are shed.
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The function of the spiny sac varies from species to species. Some of them are distributed on the surface of the body and outside the tentacles, while others contain toxins that can cause severe pain and may even cause death. All jellyfish toxins contain a protein called "porin," which attacks cells that are unfortunate enough to be stung. Depending on the amount and proportion of pore proteins, stinging varies, ranging from reddening and swelling of the skin to death.
If you are accidentally stung by a jellyfish, do not panic.
First check whether there are poisonous thorns left in the sting, if there are thorns in the skin, they should be pulled out as soon as possible; then you can wet the stung area with vinegar. Be careful not to treat with water or alcohol.
The Australian box jellyfish, also known as the "sea wasp", is considered one of the most toxic animals in the ocean. The toxicity of an adult box jellyfish tentacle is spread over billions of poison sacs and needles, enough to kill 20 people.
The venom of this jellyfish mainly damages the heart, and when their venom invades the human heart, it will destroy the consistency of the rhythm of the muscle cells beating, so that the heart cannot supply blood normally, resulting in rapid death. The only way to avoid being attacked by box jellyfish is to avoid swimming in this jellyfish-infested water.
Fortunately, most spiny spiny animals are not as toxic as this, but in any case, care needs to be taken to keep a distance from these spiny animals.
Australian box jellyfish
Although the jellyfish has a simple body structure and a beautiful appearance, it hides a deadly weapon.
The next time you dive, if you see jellyfish and are attracted by their gelatinous bodies and dreamy colors, think of their tentacles covered with "harpoons", and if you are not carefully stung, you may die, and you should not easily touch them.
Distance is a beauty and a protection.
Sometimes it's only a long way to watch, but it's fine