When I was a child, I regarded plum blossoms and plum blossoms as the same plant, and when I grew up, I learned that they are plants of different genera and different families, plum plums are plants of the genus Lamei, and plum blossoms are plants of the rose genus, in fact, it is quite easy to separate them, generally plums are yellow, other colors are few, and they bloom in winter! Plum blossoms are colorful and bloom in spring!
First, the wax plum introduction
Aliases: Lamei, Golden Tea, Huangmei, Huangmei, Golden Plum, Wax Plum, Wax, Snow Flower, Winter Plum, Snow Plum, HanMei, etc., the distribution range of Lamei spreads throughout Central China, East China and Sichuan and other places. It is planted in major cities except South China.
Second, the difference between plum and plum blossom:
Wax plums are straight branches, the leaves are broadly ovate to ovate, while the plum blossoms in addition to straight branches, there are weeping branches, twisted branches, branches often have branches, the leaves are opposite, nearly leathery, oblong oval, full margin, the upper surface is rough, green, and the back is smooth and gray.
Wax plums mostly bloom in winter, while plum blossoms mostly bloom in spring. (Left: Plum Blossom, Right: Plum Plum)
Wax plum blossoms and plum blossoms are different in color, plum blossoms have white, pink, crimson, purple and other colors, the fragrance is lighter; Wax plum blossoms are mainly wax yellow, other colors are rare, and the floral fragrance is fragrant and the fragrance is stronger.
Third, daily maintenance:
Wax plums prefer sunlight and are also tolerant of semi-shade. Afraid of wind, more hardy, at not less than -15 ° C can safely overwinter, south of Beijing can be cultivated in the open, the flowering period encounters -10 °C low temperature, the flowers are frost damaged.
Prefers deep, fertile, loose, well-drained slightly acidic sandy loam soils, and grows poorly on saline and alkaline land. Drought tolerance is strong, afraid of waterlogging. The tree grows strongly, branches vigorously, and the rhizomes are prone to tillers. Resistant to trimming and easy to shape.
Flowers first, then leaves, flowering period from November to March of the following year, the flowers are fragrant. Fruit tray-shaped, lean fruit oval, chestnut brown, shiny, ripe in July-August.
1. Soil
For potted cultivation of plums, loose, fertile, humus-rich sandy loam soil should be used.
2. Water
The characteristics of lamei are drought tolerance and flooding, such as high moisture, soil is too wet, and plant growth is poor, which affects flower bud differentiation.
Potted plum is more drought-tolerant, usually the potted soil can be slightly drier, watering should be "dry to see wet", not watered, watered thoroughly. Futian is the flower bud formation period, indispensable water, should be watered once in the morning and evening, when the leaves fall in autumn, the potting soil can be drier, watered every 5 to 7 days.
3. Temperature
Plum prefers sunlight and is also tolerant to semi-shade. Afraid of wind, more hardy, at not less than -15 ° C can safely overwinter, south of Beijing can be cultivated in the open, the flowering period encounters -10 °C low temperature, the flowers are frost damaged.
4. Select pots
Wax plums should be used in purple sand clay pots, and glazed clay pots can also be used. Generally, the wax plum of the real seedlings uses round pots, square pots, hexagonal pots, etc., and the wax plum old pile can be used in medium and deep horse pots or begonia pots, and the cliff type is more than a thousand barrel pots.
5. Use soil
Wax plums do not have strict soil requirements, but it is preferable to have well-drained sandy loam soils. Potted plants are often used to mix 20 to 30% of arsenic bran ash with decomposed pastoral soil or saprophyte soil as a culture soil.
6. Planting
Transplanting wax plums is carried out in the early spring of the flowers, and it is advisable before and after the germination of new shoots on the flower stems in early March. Generally, it is advisable to plant obliquely, which is convenient for taking the momentum when modeling. A shape pruning can be performed before planting, and sufficient base fertilizer can be applied to the bottom of the pot when the pot is put on.
Fourth, the key to whether maintenance is good or not
7. Placement
Wax plum bonsai should be placed in a sheltered place to the sun, avoid cold wind, slight shade in summer, and the winter potted plant should be moved indoors for wintering when the temperature is lower than 1 °C.
8. Fertilize
Wax plum is good fertilizer, in April to June flower bud formation should be applied once every 10 days to apply cake fertilizer water. From the end of June to the end of June, a thin fertilizer combined with nitrogen and phosphorus is applied once a week to promote the formation of flower buds.
Apply 1 to 2 times in the sky, and the fertilizer should be thin. Apply it again in the autumn. When changing pots, sufficient fertilizers such as bone meal, soybean cake, etc. can be applied to the bottom of the pot.
9. Trim
To make the wax plum flourish for many years, pruning and plucking buds is extremely important. Pruning usually occurs between March and June and stops after August.
After flowering every year, the old branches should be truncated immediately after flowering, and the longest of each branch should be left only 15 to 20 centimeters. After the new branch grows 2 to 3 pairs of buds, the top bud is removed, and soon the side branches grow, and after growing to 10 cm, the bud is picked again, and so on several times until the flower bud is basically formed.
Thin a variety of intersecting branches, parallel branches, overlapping branches, pairs of branches, long branches, and overly dense and thin branches that affect the beauty of the tree. The flower proverb has the saying that "wax plum does not lack branches", so the wax plum can be re-cut.
10. Turn the pot
Wax plum bonsai should be turned over once every 1 to 2 years, and the time is better to bloom in late winter and early spring. Sprouts can be removed before turning the pot, and transplanted after about 5 days when the hidden buds sprout and expand. Remove 1b3 of the old soil when turning the pot, cut off the rotten roots and dead roots, and repair the old roots that are too long. Replace it with frozen puff pastry pond soil or humus-rich saprophyll soil, mixed with an appropriate amount of arsenic bran ash and sand soil.
5. Introduction to reproduction
Plums are often propagated by grafting, cuttings, striping or splitting. The grafting method is more used.
1. Grafting
Grafting the 2 to 3 years old lamei as rootstock, grafted by the docking or cutting method, usually using the docking method.
In early spring and March, the bark of the rootstock and the scion is cut open, and the joint is tightened close to each other, and the joint is wrapped with plastic strips to make it heal and live. After survival, it can be planted with the mother plant in the winter of the same year.
2. Cuttings
In summer, young shoots are good, and the cuttings are soaked with 50 mg/kg rooting powder for 6 hours, and then inserted in a shaded plastic film shed for about 20 to 30 days before rooting and transplanting.
3. Divide the plants
The branch is a seedling with multiple whiskers at the base, and after the branch is cut off, the upper branches are cut off, a thin liquid fertilizer is applied, and the upper part is covered with curtains for shade. It can also be propagated in spring and autumn with strips.
Plum is more hardy, as long as it is not less than -15 ° C can be safely wintered in the open, but the flowering period must not be less than -10 ° C. Lamei is afraid of the wind, and the wind will rub against each other and cause rust spots on the leaves.
Lamei is drought tolerant, but in the summer heat is indispensable to water, so as to avoid the formation of dry and white patches on the leaves, affecting the formation of flower buds, and watering is suitable for half a mound.
Lamei must be pruned in time after the flowers are shed, like fertilizer, can dig 15 to 18 cm deep ring grooves once a month to apply thin fertilizer, can not apply agricultural fertilizer, so as not to enter the autumn after the "greedy green". In autumn, the topdressing fertilizer is increased before the leaves fall, and the ratio of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen is 2:1:0.5.
Notes:
Plum is a deep-rooted tree species that must be planted in deep pots. Once in 2 to 3 years, remove the topsoil on the soil mass, so that its root neck gradually exposes the surface of the pot soil, and the hanging root exposes its claws, which is particularly unique.
Plums are not suitable for planting in overly warm areas, because the temperature requirement for flower blooming is 0 °C ~ -10 °C for at least 5 days.
6. Disease and insect protection
Wax plum has fewer diseases and more insect pests, common aphids, mesozoans, stinging moths, curly leaf ejaculates, etc., aphids suck sap on the buds of young leaves, mesophylls suck juice on the branches, and stinging moths and leaf curl moths bite leaves, new shoots, flower buds, etc.
Prevention and control methods: prevention is the mainstay, and the pots are placed in a well-lit and ventilated environment to grow and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
Found the above pests, can be 50% of the borer pine 1000 times liquid spraying, in order to reduce the pollution of the flower environment can also be used soil methods to kill insects, such as shell insects can be killed by acid and vinegar solution, aphids can be killed with washing powder water, if a small amount can be manually killed.
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