Text: Yuelu Remnant Yang (author's original authorization)
In the previous article, the author commented on the two major poisoners who once served under Dong Zhuo's account - "two-headed snake" Jia Xu and "two-tailed scorpion" Li Ru. However, their lord Dong Zhuo and some important figures under Dong Zhuo's account have not written about it for a long time. The next thing that I will introduce to you is Dong Zhuo and his two major generals- Li Dai and Guo Feng. These three are notorious in history, they are cruel and unkind, they have kidnapped the Han Emperor and controlled the government; they have acted perversely, poisoned living beings, and turned the human world into a hell of a nose. Therefore, the author compares them to the gods of the earth, and calls them Dong Zhuo, the "living Yan Luo", Li Dai, the "judge of the urging", and Guo Feng, the "god of mourning doors".
Friends who are familiar with "Water Margin" know that the owners of the above three nicknames belong to Ruan Xiaoqi, Li Li and Bao Xu. Born as a fisherman in Shijie Village, Heluo Ruan Xiaoqi was one of the leaders of the Liangshan Water Army; the urging judge Li Liyuan, as a hegemon in Jieyang Ling, was also responsible for running the Nanshan Hotel in Liangshan as a black shop to sell human flesh, and Bao Xu was originally a creditor of Dead Tree Mountain, and after joining Liangshan, he became Li Kui's deputy and a member of the Liangshan Meat Grinder Squad. It can be seen that in "Water Margin", the owners of these three nicknames are not subordinate to each other. But coincidentally, the three nicknames themselves are inextricably linked. Because the three nicknames of Yan Luo, the Judge, and the God of Death all belong to the gods of the Underworld.
Yan Luo refers to the King of Yama, also known as "Yama Wangye", based on the Yama Demon King in Indian mythology. In early Buddhist and Hindu mythology, Yama was the only king in the underworld, but in China, after the localization of Taoism and folklore, the "Ten Halls of Yama" was born from the end of the Tang Dynasty, which also included the King of Yama. The Ten Halls of Yan Luo are, in order: King Guang of Qin, King of Chujiang, Emperor of Song, King of Five Senses, King of Yanluo, King of Biancheng, King of Taishan, King of Metropolis, King of Pingping, and King of Wheels. But no matter what, the King of Yan Luo was a high-level leader of the Yin Cao Prefecture.
The Judge, located in the Heavenly Son's Hall of the Yin Cao Di Mansion, was responsible for judging the ghosts who had come to the Underworld, and was a subordinate of the King of Yan Luo. Judges may be partial to civilian positions in the eyes of some friends, but in fact, they also have military positions. The four judges of Wenwu in the palace of the King of Yan Luo were Wei Zheng (魏征), the Punishment Division Zhong Kui (钟馗), the Cha Cha Si Lu Zhi Dao (查察司陸道), and the Yin Law Division (崔珏).
The god of mourning is a kind of fierceness in the underworld, also known as the "death star". The parable brings obscurity to the person.
In this issue, the author will first talk to you about the living Yan Luo in the Three Kingdoms era - Dong Zhuo.
Friends who are familiar with the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" must have a deep impression of Dong Zhuo's fierceness and cruelty. Dong Zhuo's evil can be described as endless in history books and literature.
In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of Dong Zhuo", there is such a comment on Dong Zhuo: Zhuo Zhuo is cruel and unkind, so he threatens the public with severe punishment, the gap between the eyes will be repaid, people do not protect themselves, the laws are harsh, love and hate adultery, and they are even more falsely accused, and thousands of people have been wronged. In the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", for a series of "deeds" of Dong Zhuo, the relevant records in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the "Book of later Han" are basically adopted, and only a few plots have been processed. Dong Zhuo's appearance from the first time to the ninth time can be said to be a bad deed, no evil, heavenly anger and resentment, and death has more than enough to do.
So what evil did Dong Zhuo specifically do in history and in the novel?
First of all, look at Dong Zhuo's treatment of the imperial family: arbitrarily abolishing the establishment of the emperor, deposing the young emperor and setting up the emperor; invading the palace women and princesses and princesses, defiling the harem; forcing the young emperor's mother and son and Tang concubines to kill the king; on the occasion of moving the capital Chang'an, burning the palace room, taking advantage of the chaos to excavate the tombs of the former emperor and the gongqing, and seizing treasures. Later generations only recognized Cao Cao as the originator of the tomb robbery industry, but they did not know that Dong Zhuo had already started a business before Cao Cao. Dong Zhuo's deeds, any confucian scholar at that time was seriously guilty of the following crimes, great rebellion, the gravity of his crimes, ten thousand deaths are still light, and because of this, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has a bridge section in which Situ Wang Yun instigated Cao Cao to sacrifice his sword to eliminate thieves.
Look at Dong Zhuo's treatment of Gongqing: Dong Zhuo is not a blind evil person, he still knows how to put gold on his face at the beginning, but after discovering that the scholars and doctors will not have a heart with him at all, he will show a fierce side and hurt the killer. When Dong Zhuo first entered Chang'an, it was at the time when the Rebellion of the Ten Constant Attendants had just subsided. Dong Zhuo also knew that at that time, eunuchs controlled the government and excluded and framed the scholars, which caused several disasters in the party. Therefore, he still patiently used some talents, including Zhou Jue, Wu Qiong, Zheng Tai, He Yuan, and Xun Shuang (Xun Shuang, the sixth uncle of the later famous Xun Yu Xun Lingjun, one of the "Eight Dragons of the Xun Clan" in Yingchuan), all of which were re-promoted and reused by Dong Zhuo. However, the good times did not last long, and soon after, the Kwantung princes joined forces to negotiate with Dong, and Dong Zhuo wanted to move the capital to Chang'an. When asking the ministers for their opinions, Zhou Jue and Wu Qiong, who had been promoted by Dong Zhuo, raised objections and repeatedly obstructed them. Dong Zhuo was annoyed and ashamed, and immediately thought that many of the princes of the Kanto had accepted their lives after listening to the advice of these two, so he suspected that the two had betrayed themselves and beheaded them. When The Wei lieutenant Zhang Wen was once an official, when he was ordered to quell the rebellion of Bian Zhang and Han Sui, Dong Zhuo and Sun Jian both served under Zhang Wen's account. Dong Zhuo repeatedly disobeyed military orders and was arrogant and rude to his superiors, and Sun Jian once advised Zhang Wen to kill Dong Zhuo, but Zhang Wen did not listen. But in this way, the relationship between everyone is not so harmonious, which sows the seeds of hatred in Dong Zhuo's heart. Dong Zhuo was in a position of great power in this matter, so he instructed people to slander Zhang Wen for colluding with Yuan Shu and flogging Zhang Wen alive to death. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the novelist places this scene at the time of Dong Zhuo's assembly of courtiers, asking Lü Bu to drag Zhang Wen out and behead him, and the head is dedicated to Dong Zhuo in a red plate, scaring the souls of hundreds of officials. According to the Book of Wei, after Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, he also opened a coffin for He Miao, the brother of the late general He Jin, and killed his mother WuYangjun.
Third, Dong Zhuo treated the people: Before Dong Zhuo moved the capital, he recklessly plundered gold and silver treasures, such as the tomb of the emperor Gongqing. Of course, Dong Zhuo's most heinous atrocities against the people belonged to the "Yangcheng Massacre" incident. Dong Zhuo killed all the innocent unarmed villagers, men, old and young in Yangcheng who were participating in the social race, drove their cars, hung their heads under the car, and returned to Luoyang with triumphant songs, falsely claiming that the thieves had won a great victory. Heads were burned and women were given to the soldiers as concubines. Chief Dong's visit was particularly barbaric.
According to the Book of Later Han, Dong Zhuo sent Xu Rong and Li Meng to defeat the yuzhou soldiers led by Sun Jian, and captured Li Min , the Taishou of Yingchuan ( " Yuan Shao Yuzhou engaged in Li Yan " , the same person , the two records slightly discrepancies ) , and those captured soldiers , Dong Zhuo wrapped them in cloth , head down to his feet , and killed them with hot cream oil ( " Records of the Emperor Xian " , wrapped in cloth soaked in lard , starting from the foot , and burning to death ). Dong Zhuo also feasted on the courtiers outside the Hengmen Gate of Chang'an, torturing and torturing the northern soldiers for fun, and while these people were still struggling, the wine and delicacies had been put on the table, and all the officials were trembling, but Dong Zhuo was laughing and eating, and he was at ease.
Although Dong Zhuo's brutality and cruelty in the novel is infuriating, in fact, Dong Zhuo was also a young hero when he was young, and he was also kind and charitable. In his early years, he traveled to Qiangzhong and made friends with many Qiang tribal leaders and gave generous gifts to each other. Later, because dong Zhuo was recruited by the imperial court for his bravery, the official paid tribute to Sima Jun, and accompanied Zhang Yi (zi ranming, a famous general in Liangzhou at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the "Liangzhou Sanming") to quell the rebellion, but Dong Zhuo distributed all the rewards of the imperial court to his soldiers. It can be seen that Dong Zhuo was still light on money and righteousness when he was young. In addition, after Dong Zhuo took control of the government, he was also surprisingly attached importance to the great Confucian Cai Yong at that time, and obeyed his words. Therefore, in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", there will be a bridge section in which Cai Yong cried Dong Zhuo later.
But after all, Dong Zhuo had lived in a borderland for a long time, soaked in the atmosphere of border contempt, so later as he grasped the authority and his ambitions swelled, his barbaric side was also highlighted. Dong Zhuo became the chief of the barbarian tribe, leading his younger brothers to plunder everywhere and run amok. And this barbaric trait can be glimpsed in many people who grew up in the border area at that time, including Lü Bu and Ma Chao, who are well known to everyone, and Li Dai and Guo Feng, the younger brothers of Dong Zhuo, who will be introduced later.
Dong Zhuo's indiscriminate killing has caused the world's soldiers to be in trouble and strife. Dong Zhuo staged the "Death God Coming" of that era, and when he met Dong Zhuo, it was as if he had met the God of Death, no matter whether you were a noble or noble person, facing Dong Zhuo was facing the test of death. Dong Zhuo's indiscriminate punishment also seems to have moved the legendary hell torture to the human world, if you want to see how ancient torture tortured people, Dong Zhuo can open your eyes. Dong Zhuo's works are mostly restricted types in film and television drama works, but this gong seems to enjoy it, and his thinking is creepy.
The Nguyen Thi SanXiong in "Water Margin", their nicknames are derived from the fierce gods that the common people are more afraid of, and people are afraid to avoid them. In the CCTV version of "Water Margin", the living Yan Luo Ruan Xiaoqi, played by teacher Li Dongguo, has a fierce killing spirit in his eyes, which makes people daunted. And guan Dong Zhuo's behavior, to use the term "living Yan Luo" to describe, can also be said to be appropriate.