Jiangsu Wujin Xiying Liu Clan

Among the many Liu clans since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Xiying Liu clan in Wujin City, Jiangsu Province, is a famous family that has achieved great academic and cultural achievements. This family was formed in the early Ming Dynasty, rose in the early Qing Dynasty, and flourished in modern times. In the Qing Dynasty, many celebrities such as Liu Lun, the famous scholar of modern literature and scripture, were produced, and since then, talents have been born, scholars have been born, and they have flourished for a long time. In modern times, a world-renowned painter Liu Haisu was also born.

There are more than 20 Liu clans in Wujin County, Jiangsu Province, the most famous of which is the Liu clan in Wujin Xiying. According to the "Wujin Xiying Liu Family Genealogy" in the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929), the Xiying Liu clan was formed in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, originating in Fengyang, Anhui, with Liu Zhen and his nephew Liu Hong as the founding fathers of the early Ming Dynasty. As for the above situation in Fengyang, due to the lack of literature, even the famous scholars Liu Lun and Liu Fenglu of the Xiying Liu clan could not verify it.

Liu Zhen, originally from Fengyang, Anhui, was a fellow villager with Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang. In the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Zhen and his nephew Liu Hong accompanied Tang Guogong, the Duke of Xinguo, and participated in the anti-Yuan uprising of the Red Turban Army of Guo Ziyi and Zhu Yuanzhang. In the sixteenth year of Zhengzheng (1356), Liu Zhen and Liu Hong crossed the river with Tang and the general army to conquer Changzhou. After that, the uncle and nephew were stationed in Changzhou together for more than ten years. Because of his "hard work", he was "given a rank by the imperial court to garrison the west camp of Changzhou County", and his family and clan moved here together, so they settled in Wujin and settled in Zhaoji. Because it was originally stationed in the "West Camp", it was called "West Camp Liu Family".

After Ming Chengzu's usurpation of the throne was successful, Liu Zhen was ostracized and sent to Zhenshou Liaodong. Liu Zhen was depressed, and Yongle died of grief in Liaodong in the early years.

Liu Zhen had 2 sons: Liu Qin and Liu Jing. Among them, the second son Liu Jing is more famous.

In the second year of Jianwen (1400), Liu Jing was admitted to the examination and successively served as the governor of Tancheng Zhi County, Jianchang Province, Yizhou Prefecture, and finally to the punishment department member Wailang, who was honest and honest in performing official duties, generous and benevolent, and during his reign, he practiced benevolent government and asked the people about their sufferings, and was deeply loved by the local people.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Xiying Liu clan was cultivated to read the family, and by the end of the Wanli Calendar, the surnames of the children were becoming more and more complicated, and the names of the branches were gradually rising", and many people and scholars were born, and the family has always been relatively prosperous, and it is a respected and famous family in the local area.

After hundreds of years of nearly ten generations of family transmission and cultural accumulation in the Ming Dynasty, the Liu clan of Wujin Xiying finally rose to the world as a cultural wang clan and became the world-famous Liu clan.

The rise of the Xiying Liu clan began with the 9th generation of Liu Guangdou and reached its peak in the 14th generation of Liu Xingwei, Liu Lun and the 16th generation of Liu Fenglu.

Liu Guangdou was a famous figure in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, and he was the 9th grandson of Liu Zhen, the founder of the Xiying Liu clan. The lineage from Liu Zhen to Liu Guangdou is: 1. LIU Zhen 2. LIU Jing 3. LIU Jun 4. LIU Min 5. LIU Fan 6. LIU Yue 7. Liu Yingshi8. LIU Chunjing 9. Liu Guangdou.

Among them, Liu Bian gave birth to a son Liu Wei, died early, because he had no children, changed to his nephew Zhang Renhe, which is the 6th Liu Yue. Therefore, strictly speaking, the prominent Xiying Liu clan in later generations should have been surnamed Zhang.

Liu Guangdou was a jinshi in the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, he served as an official in Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang Province, and Tuntian Langzhong. However, Liu Guangdou's reputation at the time of Chongzhen did not seem to be very good, and it is mentioned three times in the History of Ming that Liu Guangdou was juxtaposed with the traitors Zhang Sunzhen and Yuan Hongxun, and was supposed to be a henchman of Wei Zhongxian, so he was dismissed by the Chongzhen Emperor. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Guangdou entered Fujian with the remnants of the Ming Dynasty and served in the southern Mingfu king's regime, and was later appreciated by Ma Shiying and reinstated as the imperial historian of the southern Mingfu king's regime. However, soon after the fall of the Fu Dynasty's regime, Liu Guangdou surrendered to the Qing government and was appointed as the Pedestrian Sizheng (司司正) and pacified Changzhou. According to genealogical records, Liu Guangdou's reputation during the Qing dynasty seems to have improved, and he led his troops to pacify Wu Yue's anti-Qing forces, and during his reign, "there was a living merit, and the Min people have been worshiping for the present."

Although Liu Guangdou served the Southern Ming regime, from the genealogical record, it seems that his descendants were not discriminated against in the early Qing Dynasty, but on the contrary, they were reused, so the Xiying Liu family became more and more prosperous in the Qing Dynasty.

Liu Guangdou had 2 sons, named Liu Qianzun and Liu Luxuan.

Liu Luxuan was a jinshi in the fourth year of Qing Shunzhi (1647) and served as the prefect of Baoding in Hebei. He had 5 sons: Liu Weiqi, Liu Weilie, Liu Weizhang, Liu Weixiong, and Liu Weining.

Liu Luxuan's sons are very good. Among them, Liu Weilie was a jinshi in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), and the official was Tuntian Langzhong. Liu Weining was also born as a jinshi, and later became an official in Funing Zhizhou, and was a very good local official like his father.

Liu Weilie had a son, Liu Chunzeng, and Liu Chunzeng's grandson was Liu Xingwei, a famous chancellor during the Qianlong Dynasty.

Liu Weining gave birth to a son, Liu Yan, who was raised in the thirty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1693). Liu Yan gave birth to a son, Liu Ji, a county student. Liu Ji's son was Liu Lun, a famous minister of the Qing Dynasty.

The Liu clan of Xiying developed into the Qianlong period, and because of the three imperial court ministers Liu Yuyi, Liu Xingwei and Liu Lun, the family quickly became prominent.

Liu Yuyi (Chinese: 刘于義; pinyin: Lī Đồng

Liu Yuyi was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy during the Kangxi Dynasty, and was a master of articles in the Hanlin Academy at that time, but he was not reused. After Yongzheng was proclaimed emperor, Liu Yuyi was greatly respected, and was successively promoted to the position of Hanlin scholar Chong ri lecturer, Qiju Zhu, Shangshu of the Punishment Department, acting viceroy of direct subordination, and viceroy of Shaanxi, and was one of the big red men of the Yongzheng period. After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, Liu Yuyi was dismissed from his post for a time because he was an old courtier of the former dynasty, and then returned, and in the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), he again served as Hubu Shangshu, the following year changed to the official Shangshu, and later added the title of Prince Shaobao and Assistant University Scholar, becoming the first chancellor of the Liu clan in Wujin Xiying. Qianlong died in the tenth year (1745) and was posthumously known as "Wen Ke".

Liu Yuyi started as a scholar of the Hanlin Academy, and during the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, the official Zhi Shangshu, the prince Shaobao, and the university scholar, his prominent position brought great glory to the Xiying Liu clan. Liu Yuyi's success in his career marked the rise and rise of the Liu clan in Xiying in the Qing Dynasty.

After Liu Yuyi, Liu Xingwei became a more prominent figure of the Liu clan in Xiying. Liu Xingwei, Zi Yingyu, Trumpet Pu Iii. See Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 305.

Liu Xingwei was admitted to the jinshi in the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748) and entered the political arena from then on. He first served as the editor of the Hanlin Academy, and then supervised the Guangdong Xuezheng and Anhui Xuezheng, and served as a waiter for the bachelor's degree, straight to the study, and the final official position was the attendant of the Ceremonial Department. Qianlong died in the twenty-ninth year (1764). During Liu Xingwei's tenure as a scholar in Anhui, Shangsheng suggested that TongSheng take the exam for five words and six rhymes, which was adopted by the imperial court. The content of the poem began with him.

During the Qianlong period, the emergence of Liu Lun brought the development of The Liu clan in Xiying to its peak.

Liu Lun was in the first year of Qianlong (1736), and successively served as an editor of the Hanlin Academy, a cabinet scholar, a Zhinan study, and a waiter in the ceremonial department.

In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), Liu Lun concurrently served as the Minister of Military Aircraft as a servant of the Ministry of Works, and became one of the main ministers of the Qianlong period. After that, Liu Lun also successively held a series of important positions such as Hubu Shilang, Suncheon Fu Yin, Zuo Du Yushi, Bingbu Shangshu, Hubu Shangshu, the title of Prince Taibao of the Co-founder University, the Official's Shangshu, and the Wenyuange University Scholar and Gongbu Shangshu, becoming another prime minister of the Liu clan in Wujin Xiying. During this period, in the nineteenth year of Qianlong (1754), he accompanied the Qianlong Emperor on a campaign to Xinjiang and quell the Dzungar rebellion.

History says that Liu Lun entered the Military Aircraft Department for nearly twenty years, and jointly assisted Qianlong with Liu Tongxun, a scholar of the same surname, Shandong Zhucheng, and was also relied on by Qianlong, so at that time there was a good name of "Southern Liu Dong Liu".

Liu Lun was a clean and honest official, and was a famous qing official at that time. After a visit, there was no food at home. His poems were also famous at the time, and he wrote the "Semon-an Inner and Outer Collection" that has been passed down through the generations.

Liu Lun died in the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773). At that time, the Qianlong Emperor sent the crown prince to attend his funeral, and posthumously honored him as the crown prince Taifu,courtesy name "Wending", and enshrined his divine throne at the Xianliang Ancestral Hall. It can be seen that its status is high.

The outstanding achievements of Liu Yuyi and Liu Xingwei Liu Lun brought the development of the Liu family in Xiying into the first climax stage. After Liu Lun, his family flourished for a long time.

After Liu Lun, the Xiying Liu clan established its lofty position in the history of Chinese culture and scholarship because of Liu Fenglu's outstanding achievements, and became a world-famous cultural family.

Liu Lun married Xu and had four sons: the eldest son, Liu Tunan, who was promoted in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782) and served as Tongzhi of Nanning Province, Guangxi; the second son, Liu Yueyun; the third son, Liu Zhaoyang, a student of the state; and the fourth son, Liu Ji, who died prematurely. Among them, the second son, Liu Yueyun, is the most famous.

Liu Yueyun was a Tanhua of qianlong in the thirty-first year (1766), and successively served as an editor of the Hanlin Academy, a waiter of the Ceremonial Department, a servant of the Fengtian Province, a shaoqing of Dali, a waiter of the Ministry of Works, a cabinet scholar, and a waiter of the Military Department. Liu Yueyun's career path was more bumpy than that of his father Liu Lun, and his achievements and prestige were inferior to Liu Lun's. Liu Yueyun was a talented man, and was greatly appreciated by Qianlong during the temple examination that year, but later after becoming an official, he was demoted or dismissed several times for making mistakes. Qianlong wanted to reuse him in his later years, but Liu Yueyun was eventually ostracized and frustrated for offending the traitorous minister and Kun. Although Jiaqing made a comeback when he ascended the throne, he was old and incompetent.

Liu Lun's third son, Liu Zhaoyang, married Zhuang Cun, a famous scholar, a scholar of modern literature and scripture, and a servant of the Ministry of Rites, and married his daughter, and had a son, Liu Fenglu. Although Liu Yueyun was not very successful, his son was better than Blue out of Blue, although the official position was not very high, but his fame and achievements were far above his father, and even surpassed his grandfather Liu Lun.

Liu Fenglu (Chinese: 刘逢禄; pinyin: Rī Fīồi), also known as Shen Fu (一作申甫), also known as Si Misguided Jushi (思誤居士), was a famous scholar of the mid-Qing Dynasty, listed in volume 482 of the Draft History of the Qing Dynasty.

Liu Fenglu's parents are both scholars of the Shuxiang family, and since he was a child, he has studied the "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography" with two famous scholars, his maternal grandfather Zhuang Cun and his uncle Zhuang Shuzu, and has done his best to obtain the true biography of the Zhuang family. In the nineteenth year of Jiaqing (1814), he was admitted as a jinshi and served as a Shujishi of Hanlin Yuan, and later as the chief of the ceremonial department, and in the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), he was the chief of the ceremonial system. Since then, Liu Fenglu has been serving in the Ministry of Rites for more than ten years until his death. During his tenure, whenever he encountered major national etiquette, he was able to analyze problems and solve problems according to Confucian classics, which was deeply convincing to the people of the times.

Liu Fenglu's greatest contribution was in academic culture. In academic thought, he admired the Spring and Autumn Ram Studies, and specialized in the teachings of Dong Zhongshu, He Xiu, Li Yu and others. He is the founder of the Changzhou School of the Qing Dynasty and a representative figure of modern literature and classics. His teaching emphasized that "the general righteousness is general, not the special chapters and sentences." During his lifetime, he wrote "Spring and Autumn Ram Jing He Shi Interpretation" and "Ram Spring and Autumn He Clan Interpretation Notes" to illustrate the subtle words and great meanings of this text; Tuiyuan Yuliang and Zuo Shi gained and lost, and wrote "Shen He Nan Zheng" in 4 volumes; and also collected various historical punishments and rituals, and composed 4 volumes of "Ritual And Ritual Prison". In addition, there are many works such as "Analects of TheOry of He", "Interpretation of The Collected Works of Shangshu and Ancient Texts", and "Liu Libu Collection". Liu Fenglu's writings played an important role in promoting the development of modern classics in the later Qing Dynasty. Many of the later famous scholars of the Classics of Modern Literature were from the Liu clan.

Liu Fenglu married his wife Pan Shi (潘氏), who gave him a gift to Gongren and had a total of 7 sons, of whom the eldest son, Liu Chengkuan, was raised in Jiaqing for twenty-one years (1816) and served as an alternate teacher in Xian'an Palace; the second son, Liu Chengpet, was raised in Jiaqing twenty-four years (1819) and authored 2 volumes of "Linshi Poetry Notes".

Liu Haisu originated from the modern Wujin Xiying Liu clan

After the Xiying Liu clan prospered for a while in the Qing Dynasty, the clan has been passing down poetry and books to the family, "performance learning plants", maintaining the image of its cultural elite. This family tradition of attaching importance to poetry and books and profound cultural heritage finally made the Xiying Liu clan once again flourish in the 20th century, producing a large number of outstanding figures represented by Liu Haisu and becoming a modern cultural leader.

Liu Haisu, born in 1896, formerly known as Liu Pan, character Jifang, is the 19th generation of the Xiying Liu clan. He was a descendant of Liu Weilie, the great-uncle of Liu Lun, the chancellor of the Qing Dynasty. Liu Haisu served as the president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts during the Republic of China period and after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Liu Haisu, wife Bao Yingcheng, had 6 sons: Liu Long, Liu Hu, Liu Python, Liu Bao, Liu Jiao, and Liu Lin.