Recently, the weather has begun to turn hot, grazing and rain have begun to increase, this condition is also the season when sheep are more likely to eat grass, and the water in the puddle is more likely to infect liver flakes flukes, so it is imperative to do a good job in the prevention of sheep liver flakes fluke disease, and learn quality methods!
Liver flake fluke disease, also known as hepatic leeches, is a helminth disease caused by liver flakes of flukes parasitizing the bile ducts of sheep liver, which is characterized by destroying animal livers and bile ducts, causing acute and chronic hepatitis and cholangitis.
Most of them are endemic and are currently an endophytic parasitic disease that seriously endangers the sheep industry.
1. Basic situation
A sheep farmer raised 123 sheep, and 23 sheep aged 1 to 2 years old only had loss of appetite, coarse coat, pale mucous membranes, emaciation anemia, eyelids, chest and abdomen edema, constipation and diarrhea alternately occurred, and 4 died. I asked the author to help diagnose and treat, through carefully inquiring about the medication of the animal owner, observing the clinical symptoms of the sheep and autopsying the dead sheep, the diagnosis was confirmed as sheep liver flake fluke disease, and the sheep basically improved after treatment. The diagnosis and treatment process is reported as follows.
▲ Sheep with liver fluke disease have jaw, chest and abdominal edema
▲ Sheep infected with liver flakes flukes are depressed, do not eat or drink
2. Clinical symptoms
The sick sheep have an elevated body temperature, depression, poor appetite, extreme pallor of the visible mucosa, jaundice, anemia, protruding ribs, edema of the eyelids, submandibular, lower thoracic and abdominal regions. Occasionally eating soil during grazing, constipation and diarrhea alternate, pulling out black and brown thin feces, some with blood.
The disease is gradually emaciated for a long course, the coat is coarse, dull, the hair shaft is easy to break, and there is local hair removal.
▲ The way sheep infect liver patch flukes
3. Autopsy changes
Caesarean examination lesions in 4 sick and dead sheep were mainly seen in the liver, followed by lungs.
Liver lesions account for 100% and lung lesions account for about 35%. Infested sheep with a large number of insects, the liver bleeds and is enlarged. Among them are dark red cords up to 5 mm long. When the slice is squeezed, the liquid is mixed with juvenile insect bodies. Those who die of particularly severe infection have pale mucous membranes, may have peritonitis, and some have extensive bleeding in the abdominal cavity. In chronic cases, the enlargement of the liver is more severe. In the later stages, the damaged part is significantly reduced and grayish-white, showing that the surface of the liver is not neat, the texture is hardened, the bile ducts are enlarged, and they are filled with gray-brown bile and insect body. Some parts of the lung have limited hard consolidation nodules, as large as walnuts to eggs, whose contents are dark brown semi-liquid substances, which often contain two live or decomposed insect bodies, and the nodule's sac is calcified connective tissue, and the color of the lung surface is normal. On percussion of the hepatic region, the semi-dull area is enlarged, the sensitivity is increased, and the sick sheep are rapidly anemia.
▲ The liver of the sick sheep is enlarged, and the sheep liver is dissected and a large number of larval insect bodies are found
4. Diagnosis
In the area where the disease occurs, the initial diagnosis can generally be made according to the symptoms of swelling of the jaw, not eating, no diarrhea, anemia, and the expansion of the semi-dulled area and increased sensitivity during percussion of the liver area. Using the stool examination method and the floating and sedimentation method of insect eggs, the diagnosis of liver fluke trematodiasis can be confirmed.
5. Treatment
(1) Effectively kill insects in sick animals, pay attention to liver protection, bile protection, restore liver and gallbladder function, and improve the body's resistance.
(2) Oral albendazole (thibendazole drugs), the most acute type of sheep according to 16.67 mg / kg · body weight, sheep acute type according to 12.50 mg / kg · body weight, sheep chronic type according to 10.00 mg / kg · body weight.
(3) The preventive medication for uninset sheep should be 6.67 mg/kg body weight, and if necessary, it should be dewormed once every 7 days.
(4) The affected sheep is simultaneously injected intramuscularly with "insect enemy" (chlorocyanatosalsamide sodium injection) once, and 0.03 ml per kilogram of body weight.
(5) Due to the strong ability of liver tablet flukes to destroy red blood cells, after deworming, intramuscular injection of "livestock hemonin" (dextran iron injection) to replenish blood, adult sheep 5 ml / only, lamb 2 ~ 3 milli or / only, 3 days later and then intramuscular injection.
(6) For poor physique and pregnancy of female animals after the disease, use "emulsified cod liver oil" (the main ingredient is vitamin A 320 000 units, vitamin E 1 000 units, vitamin D 64 000 units), every 250 grams of water 1 000 kg of water, continuous use for 3 to 5 days. Multivitamin B (the main ingredient is thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, etc.), every 500 grams of water with 300 kg of water, continuous use for 3 to 5 days, and intramuscular injection of "live blood", each sheep intramuscular injection of 1 to 2 ml.
(7) For sheep with severe mandibular edema that affects breathing and eating difficulties, intravenous injection of 50% glucose, or puncture edema to squeeze out liquid.
After the above methods, after 10 days of treatment, all 17 of the 21 sheep except 2 died, and the cure rate was 86.9%.
▲Cyanocyanatoiosalamide sodium injection
6. Prevention
Prevention: Prevent healthy sheep from swallowing cysticers, do not build sheep barns in low-humidity areas, do not graze on moist pastures with liver flakes, and do not let sheep drink dirty and stagnant water from swamps and ditches.
Deworming: Regular deworming, whole-population deworming once a year in uninfected sheep, can be performed in late autumn and early winter. Infected sheep undergo whole-herd deworming three times a year, the first 20 to 30 days before mass maturation (pre-adult stage) and the third 60 to 75 days after the second.
Female animals: Pregnant females must be dewormed after 2 months of delivery, supplemented with "emulsified cod liver oil" and "multivitamin B" mixed drinking water, and intramuscular injection of animal blood. Avoid spreading eggs in the feces of sick sheep.
Fecal treatment: The feces of sick sheep should often be treated with compost fermentation to kill the eggs. For sheep that perform deworming, they must be kept in captivity for 5 to 7 days, do not let them run around, and the feces discharged during this period should be strictly disinfected. The intestinal contents of slaughtered sheep should be carefully treated harmlessly.
Adjuvant treatment with traditional Chinese medicine can be used. Su Mu 25 g, Nutmeg 25 g, Poria 25 g, Guanzhong 25 g, Betel Nut 35 g, Ze Yi 25 g, Licorice Root 20 g, Mu Tong 25 g, Magnolia 30 g, Gentian Herb 25 g, water frying to remove the dregs, one filling 4 adult sheep.
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