Li Shan | wen
For a time, Kaifeng was called Laoqiu, Puyang was called Flawed Hill, Neihuang was called Dunqiu, Fan County was called Liaoqiu, Yongcheng was called Taiqiu, Yucheng was called Guqiu, Lankao was called Kuiqiu, Chen Liu was called Pingqiu, Fengqiu was called Changqiu, Qixian was called Yongqiu, and Huaxian was called Xingqiu. In addition, Shangqiu, Shenqiu, and Fengqiu, which are still in use, Weiqiu in Yanjin, and Renqiu and Qiu Counties in Hebei.
In ancient times, qiu was given place names in Chu and Jin: "Leaving Sorrow" such as "GaoQiu", as well as Sleeping Hill, Huoqiu, Zongqiu (Hubei Zigui), Huqiu (Henan Xincai).
Shanxi Lingqiu is named after mountains, Neiqiu and Zhongqiu in Hebei, Anqiu and Zhangqiu in Shandong, Yingqiu and Beiqiu in present-day Zibo (also known as Peiqiu and Huqiu), Hebei Sand Dune (Guangzong), and Renqiu in Hebei are named after people.
As an ancient place name, most of the hills are concentrated in Henan and Shandong in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is related to the landform that it carries a large amount of loess to form a "hill".
For example, Zhuqiu (Tancheng), Zhongqiu (Linyi), Xianqiu (Juye), Liangqiu (Chengwu), Chengqiu (Yanzhou), Weiyi Taoqiu (Yanggu), Luqiu (Zoucheng), Xuqiu (Fei County), Muqiu (Chiping), Xiqiu (Dong'a), QiyiQiu (Yuncheng), Songdi Taoqiu, Puqiu (Dingtao), Sangqiu (Pingyuan), Chongqiu (Heze), Quqiu (Ju county), Chuqiu (Cao County, Huaxian County), Kuiqiu (Minquan, Lankao), Diqiu (Shangqiu, Puyang), and The Emperor Qiu of Puyang was the capital of the Weiguo Gong.
Kaifeng Yellow River Wetland
Qingqiu (Puyang), Guqiu (Yucheng), Yongqiu (杞县), Dunqiu (浚县), Shijing Weifeng (送子涉淇, as for Dunqiu),Weiyi Flawed Qiu (Puyang), Zhengdi Tongqiu (Fugou), Youqiu (Tongshan, Jiangsu), Anduqiu (Juancheng), and abandoned.
Fengqiu was destroyed at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty because it was the father of the fengfa in the summer, because of its name of the homeland mountain, the Western Han Dynasty set up a county, named "Fengqiu", indicating the continuation of history. The Jin, Qi, Song, Zheng, Wei, Teng, Ju, and Xue alliances of Wei Yi Pingqiu, that is, in the area of present-day Fengqiu Pingjie. Song defeated Di at Changqiu, which was the war that took place in the current Fengqiu. Zheng defeated Song and taught at Laoqiu, also in the southern area of Fengqiu.
The word "hill" itself has a special meaning.
"Explanation of the Text": "Qiu, the height of the earth, the inhuman also ... The dwelling is in the south of the hill, a four-sided high, the center is a hill, pictographic ...". Often refers to hills, earthy mountains.
The Guangya Shiqiu says "Xiaoling Yueqiu". "Poetry Wang Feng, There is Ma in the Hill" says that "there is wheat in the hill" and "there is Lee in the hill". The Liezi Tang Question has "With the power of the king, he could not damage the hill of the father, such as Taihang and Wang Wuhe?" ”。
Tao Yuanming has a poem "Sex loves Qiu Shan". Nineteen ancient poems have "out of the Guo Gate to look directly, but see the hills and graves". "Siyi is a hill" (Zhou Li Di Guan Xiao Situ). "When Gao Zuwei was a child, he was a concubine of Shi Qiqiu" (Hanshu Chuyuan Wang's Biography). People are named after Kong Qiu.
The words associated with the hills are mounds, hills, sand dunes, barren hills, township hills, grave mounds, hills, hills, hills, hills, hills, hills, hills, hills, hills,
Due to the wind and water, especially the swinging migration of the Yellow River, it is very easy to form a moundy on the alluvial plain of the Yellow River, and the name of the place named after this landform is natural.
In Henan, the "Fengqiu" containing "qiu" has a more history of its place name.
When I went to Lizhuang Township to see the ruins of the Yellow River Copper Tile Box Breach, I passed through Pingjie Village in Huangling Town, and I saw a monument standing on the side of the road from the car window. It turned out that I roughly knew that this village had been the seat of Gupingqiu County, and hurriedly stopped the car. A group of people slammed around the stone monument to take a closer look.
The front of the stele is written with the words "Old Site of Gupingqiu County". A line of text on the back caught my attention: "... The county has Linji Pavilion, and Qi Wang Tian Dan died also ...".
The word "Linji" made me suddenly bright. Last year, I read the Zizhi Tongjian, and there were two passages that mentioned Linji three times. Recorded below:
“...... Zhang Handan had already destroyed King Chen, and he attacked King Yu Linji of Wei. The King of Wei sent Zhou Shi out, please save Qi and Chu. The Qi generals Xiang Ita both accompanied the city to rescue Wei. Zhang Handan attacked at night, and the Qi and Chu armies were killed by the King of Qi and Zhou Shi under Linji. The King of Wei blamed his people for surrendering, and agreed to burn himself to death..." Zizhi Tongjian, vol. VIII, Qin Ji III, and II Emperor
“...... In the beginning, Chen Ping, a Yangwu man, was poor and good at reading. ...... And the princes rebelled against Qin, and the King of Wei blamed Linji for the peace, and said that the King of Wei did not listen. Man or Slander, Ping Died..." Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 9, Han Jiyi, Emperor Taizu.
The annotation is "Linji: East of present-day Fengqiu County." ”
At that time, I thought it was a mistake, because I knew that more than 600 villages in Fengqiu did not have this village name. But after all, more than 2,000 years, I don't comment, this question has always been hanging there. However, there was a bold guess: Linji must have been a larger city at that time, close to Jishui, and should be the temporary capital of Wei.
Because the King of Wei was put on the throne by the former Wei Wang's concubine during the peasant rebellion at the end of Qin, and the Qin Dynasty regime was still there, not far from the Qin counties of Kaifeng and Chenliu.
Wei was still nominally an illegal organization. Chen Ping was a native of Yuanyang, when The Jishui river flowed from Yuanyang to Fengqiu, and Chen Ping traveled fifty or sixty kilometers along the north bank of the Jishui to Linji. He was the King of Wei who defected to Linji and served as a servant, indicating that Linji was the base camp of Wei's regime.
This time I accidentally saw "Linji" in Pingjie, which brought me a surprise.
Fengqiu Chen Qiaoyi
Pingjie Village is now located in the east of Fengqiu County, south of the Yellow River, and not far to the east is Lankao, Changyuan Land Boundary. According to the data of Chaji Water, at that time, there was a South Ji Shui and a North Ji Shui passing through the north and south of Fengqiu County. Here should be the Nanji Water, the upstream from Xingyang and Yuanyang into the Fengqiu, Linji, Quji (another ancient town in the Fengqiu area) is its proof.
Further down to Economic Yin (now Dingtao, Shandong), Jining, Jiyang, Jinan, all the way northeast into the Bohai Sea. Now the channel through which the Yellow River flows is the original Channel of Jishui, and the Yellow River swallows up Jishui.
The copper tile box broke through, and the river turned north. At that time, Linji was not cut off to the east by Jishui. It is connected to the east and west of the fertile wilderness, convenient for detours, and the south is separated from Kaifeng and Chen Liu, which can be entered, defended, and retreated, and it is not difficult to understand that King Wei chose to stand here.
"The king of Wei blamed his people for surrendering" shows that Wei was actually defeated, and there were many "his people" in the jurisdiction, which can also be seen in the prosperity of Linji at that time.
With great excitement, I consulted the relevant information and confirmed my suspicion that Pingqiu was Dayi in ancient times.
In the thirteenth year of the Spring and Autumn Period, the princes allied themselves in Pingqiu. He was once the Duke of Weiling. Emperor Xuan of Han made Guanglu the Marquis of Pingqiu, and Pingqiu was made the Marquis of Pingqiu. In 67 BC, the Marquis of Pingqiu was changed to Pingqiu County, which belonged to Chenliu Commandery (陈留郡) of gun prefectures. At the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, Pingqiu County was abolished and merged into Fengqiu County.
From the above knowledge, Pingqiu was famous first, and at the end of the Qin Dynasty, Linji surfaced, and pingqiu was not seen, and at that time, Fengqiu and Pingqiu were not established as counties. In the Han Dynasty, he saw Pingqiu and Fengqiu again, but did not see Linji. After pingqiu county was abolished, Pingqiu and Linji were not seen.
Now only Pingjie Village is still there, which should be a copy of Pingqiu. From the above information, it can be concluded that when there was frequent wars and chaos at the end of Qin, if there was another Pingqiu that was so close to Linji, whether in terms of fame or geographical location, the King of Wei should choose Pingqiu Dingdu instead of Linji.
Moreover, in the sparsely populated ancient times at that time, it was impossible for Pingqiu and Linji to coexist next to each other. There can only be one conclusion: Pingqiu is also called Linji, and Linji is Pingqiu. At the end of Qin and before the fengqiu and pingqiu, linji, as a big city on the verge of jishui, and the late qin as the capital of Wei, should be the largest and most famous town at that time in the area under the jurisdiction of Fengqiu today, and its liveliness and prosperity can only be imagined now.
Our group stopped for about a quarter of an hour next to the stone monument on Pingjie Street, attracting many villagers to watch. Pingqiu - Linji - Pingjie, thousands of years of vicissitudes, seems to be in the blink of an eye.
About the Author:
Li Shan, poet and essayist, a native of Xinxiang, Henan.
YuJi copyright works, reprint please WeChat 80276821, or Weibo private message "Yuji", please send an email to the [email protected]
Yu Ji, the spiritual food of Henan people around the world!
Reprinting must be with the consent of the author of this headline number, and may not be reproduced without authorization.