Author: Zhao Xinfang
(Zhu Xi)
Why is it that some people in later generations say that he was a complete hypocrite, with a clean appearance and a dirty soul, and propagandizing his "rational" ideas everywhere in public, and behind his back, he was doing ulterior motives?
Zhu Xi was a leader in the academic circles of the Song Dynasty, a master of Confucianism, whose theoretical ideas had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, becoming the official philosophy of the three dynasties, and another person in the history of Chinese education after Confucius. He has been clever and clever since childhood, and he loves to ask questions when things happen. Shi Zai's father taught him to know the sun when he was a child, and he asked where the sun hung? Father said to hang in heaven, and then he asked where does heaven hang? Making his father unable to answer with his tongue open, posterity complimented him with the potential of a philosopher who "knows things in a special way".
Zhu Xi was a polymath, limited to space and not to dwell on other achievements, only as far as poetry is concerned, he played philosophical poetry to the point of reaching the pinnacle, surpassing the philosophical poetry level of Su Shi", "not knowing the true face of Lushan Mountain" and Yang Wanli's "one mountain let go of a mountain", and was the leader of the philosophical poetry school. Please enjoy his poem "Reading Books with Feeling":
Half an acre of square pond opened, and the sky light and cloud shadows wandered together.
Q The canal is as clear as promised? For there is a source of living water to come.
The author first explains the poetry literally: a clear and deep pond, like a mirror reflecting the beautiful blue sky and white clouds, the clouds gently move the lotus step slowly. Why do I know that the water in the pond is deep and clear? Because the shallow water cannot reflect the light and clouds of the sky, there are channels to send water continuously.
At first glance, it may seem to be a scene poem, right? In fact, if you look at the title, you can see that you are summarizing your reading experience. Only by constantly learning new knowledge can the parable person keep his mind clear and thorough. According to the current saying, only by living to learn from the old can we continue to make progress.
With only a masterpiece, I can't stop the table of the leader, and then appreciate a poem he wrote" "Spring Day":
Katsuri looking for the Surabaya waterfront, the boundless scenery is new for a while.
Waiting for idleness to recognize the east wind, thousands of purples and thousands of reds are always spring.
Literally, the author is writing his own spring tour perception. It's not that simple. According to relevant scholars, Surabaya is located in the Qufu area of Shandong Province, and Zhu Xi was occupied by the Jin Dynasty when he was born, and he has never been to that place in his life. This is actually a philosophical poem that enthusiastically praises the way of the saints. Ho ho, it's both a feast for the eyes and a big surprise!
In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the female lyricist Yan Rui, whose original surname was Zhou, the character Youfang, the year of birth and death is unknown, the birth was humble, and she learned the poetry book of Music and Etiquette since childhood, and later became a prostitute in Taizhou and changed her stage name to Yan Rui.
According to historical records, Yan Rui was good at playing the piano, playing chess, singing and dancing, silk bamboo, calligraphy and painting, and was knowledgeable and able to speak. Due to the excellent color and talent, there is an endless stream of visitors from all over the world.
According to the system of the Song Dynasty, if an official held a banquet to entertain guests, he could summon subordinate officials and prostitutes to sing and dance to accompany the wine, but he was not allowed to serve the bed privately, and those who violated the law were severely punished.
On a spring day when peach blossoms were in full bloom, Tang Zhongyou of Taizhou Zhizhou held a banquet to invite celebrities to paint poems and paintings, and Yan Rui, who was favored by Tang Zhongyou, came to accompany him. During the banquet, Chen Liang, who was a fellow countryman with Tang Zhongyou and a good friend of Zhu Xi, took advantage of the opportunity of drinking and ear fever to ask Tang Zhongyou to remove one of the official prostitutes he was good with.
At this time, Tang Zhongyou, who was drinking in the stage of "bold words", did not hesitate to clap his hands on his chest and agreed. The next day, the official prostitute came to Tang Zhongyou to go through the formalities. After drinking, Tang Zhongyou's thinking was normal, thinking that he and Zhu Xi had always been incompatible, and Chen Liang was also an overly strong person, so he hinted to the official prostitute that he would suffer with Chen Liang. The official prostitute was unwilling to remove Chen Liang from his citizenship.
When Chen Liang found out, he was very dissatisfied, so he went to Zhu Xi to put "rotten medicine" and said that Tang Zhongyou did not take Zhu Gong in his eyes. At this time, Zhu Xi, whose rank was above Tang Zhongyou, suddenly had a desire for revenge, and said that Tang Zhongyou had an affair with an official prostitute. Tang Zhongyou is also not a fuel-saving lamp, and immediately retorted. The back and forth between the two and the peach-colored official struggles are not lively.
Zhu Xi knew the importance of having ironclad evidence to bring down his opponent, so he sent a sign to yan Rui for torture.
Yan Rui refused to confess, and Zhu Xi, who was tired, transferred Yan Rui from Taizhou to Shaoxing for trial, and Yan Rui was beaten to death. Nor is it fooled to face inducements.
This incident alarmed the current emperor, and Emperor Xiaozong of Song issued an edict to transfer Tang Zhongyou and Zhu Xi separately and send Yue Fei's son Yue Lin to deal with it. Yue Lin acted impartially, rehabilitated the unjust case for Yan Rui, and disqualified her from the country. Legend has it that Yan Rui later married a widowed Zhao Song Emperor, and the good woman finally had a good reward.
Zhu Xi's reputation in Yan Rui's case was greatly damaged, and many people said that he was a hypocrite with a superficial appearance and a dirty soul.
Regarding Zhu Xi's persecution of Yan Rui, although it is recorded in many classics and even in some novels as creative materials, some ancient and modern scholars have different views.
Wang Guowei said in "Human Words" that "the Novels of the Song People are not trustworthy." Yu Jiaxi simply said in the "Dialectics of the Four Libraries": "The existence or absence of Zhongyou yu Yanrui is not deeply questioned. "The Biography of Zhu Zi believes that Tang Zhongyou did indeed commit corruption, and believes that the words "Bu Operator" were not written by Yan Rui. In the "Yi Jianzhi", it is recorded that Yan Rui's lyrics and grievances are all fictional. A scholar commented in the preface to his book that "regarding Zhu Xi's impeachment of Tang Zhongyou, the neighbors have a biased attitude of 'anti-theory' and sympathize with Tang Shi..."
In my opinion, Zhu Xi's persecution of Yan Rui should be a fact.
Zhu Xi is not a nerd who does not hear anything out of the window and only knows how to read the books of the sages. In the fifth year of Emperor Guangzong of Song, the Yao people of Hunan rebelled, and Zhu Xi was appointed as the governor of Tan Prefecture (潭州, in modern Changsha, Hunan). One day he received a secret letter from a friend of Jingshi informing him that Emperor Guangzong had ceded the throne to his son King Jia, Emperor Ningzong of Song. It is said that when the son of the day is about to be summoned to the imperial pulpit, there will be reuse after that.
Zhu Xi was very happy, but he did not show his face, and went straight to the prison to point out 18 prisoners and immediately beheaded them. As soon as the execution of the death penalty was completed, the edict of the new emperor ascending the throne to grant amnesty to the world arrived at the Zhizhou Yamen. Is Zhu Xi's move to make the prisoner deserve the crime, or to retaliate? Zhen Ge'er couldn't tell who it was.
However, through this incident, we can know that Zhu Xi is a person who has recklessly thought of the consequences and has come up with it, and he cannot speak the same day as the traditional reader's personality.
He once said: "The only women in this dynasty can write, only Li Yi'an and Lady Wei." "Maybe Yan Rui came from a humble background?" Zhu Xi never looked at Yan Rui's WenCai. Yan Rui's literary talent should be said to be recognized by most people in the world.
In the words of Wang Huai, the chancellor of the Xiaozong Dynasty: Tang Zhongyou admired Su Shi's character and learning, Zhu Xi was a re-disciple of Cheng Yi, Cheng Yi looked at Su Shi unfavorably, Zhu Xi naturally also looked at Tang Zhongyou unfavorably, in the end, it was two show talents competing for leisure.
Wang Huai was Zhu Xi's sponsor and Tang Zhongyou's fellow countryman, and the author's opinion should be fair.
Then again, it is not surprising that Zhu Xi is so fierce in taking the weak woman Yan Rui as a scapegoat, and his dirty privacy is not exposed?
Gold has no feet, no one is perfect. There is no doubt that Zhu Xi was a great figure in ancient China, but in terms of his character and heart, compared with Su Shi, Zhu Zi should have a sense of self-pity, right?
【About the author】Zhao Xinfang, pen name Zhao Shi, is a member of the Chongqing Nan'an District Writers Association and a contracted writer of "Writing Hu".
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