Knowing that Mou's Manor has been many years old, I recently drove from Qingdao to Qixia for a special tour. Immerse yourself in the traditional Jiaodong architectural complex for a few hours, feel the architectural culture here, and feel the vicissitudes of history from it.
The gate of Mu's Manor is simple and dignified, both grand and flashy, implicit and introverted, without the usual appearance of local tycoons and upstarts. The eight words on the gate of the manor: "Cultivating and reading the world, diligent and thrifty family style", is very in line with the entire positioning of the family by the owner of the manor, Mu Molin.
This gate is worth talking about. The outer frame of the gate is about 5 meters high, the door leaf is nearly two and a half meters high, and the width is more than two meters, which is really a "big household". Look at the threshold again. In the past, the threshold of ordinary people's homes was only more than 10 centimeters high, but the large threshold of Mou's Manor was as high as 80 centimeters, and we felt difficult to step over. In fact, this threshold is not fixed, and the janitor can open it at will because of the request.
According to the tour guide, The Mou Manor now has more than 480 halls and buildings, covering an area of more than 20,000 square meters, which is the largest and most complete preserved feudal landlord manor in China. In 1988, it was identified as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.
Let's look at the whole first. Walking into The Mou Manor, the biggest feeling is the cultural connotation of the quaint architecture. Six large courtyards were built sequentially along the north-south axis, namely the south group house, the hall house, the living room, the building, the small building, the north group and the east and west group box rooms, the whole structure is a quadrangle courtyard, which is the most complete preserved Jiaodong folk building complex.
Look at the details again. The manor house is exquisitely crafted and is known as a gem of traditional architecture. Most of the chimneys of Jiaodong houses stand on the roof ridge and come straight out of the house, while the chimneys of Mu's Manor stand outside the gables, that is to say, the chimneys are independent. According to the tour guide, the advantage of this is that it is conducive to fire prevention.
Part of the walls of the manor houses are made of granite, and the stone cracks between the rocks and the rocks are "seamless". It is said that when it was built in that year, in order to make the rocks close between the cracks, copper coins were placed between the gaps, and the copper coins could be used by the craftsmen after the seams.
There are many exquisite walls made of rock blocks, and craftsmen use their wisdom to put together many auspicious patterns of rock blocks, such as turtles, bats, etc., to convey beautiful meanings. How many patterns are there on the wall? It can be said that there are different kinds of wisdom. You might as well go and see for yourself.
Because of this, Mou's Manor has been evaluated by experts and scholars as "the living fossil of the century-old manor", "the treasure of traditional architecture", "the small folk Forbidden City" and so on. In 1988, it was announced by the State Council as a "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit".
According to reports, the Mou family moved from Gong'an County in Hubei Province to Qixia in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and several generations knocked on the door of their careers through reading. Mu Molin, who was born in 1789 and died in 1870, at the age of 82, was the fourteenth generation of the Qixia Mou clan, and by his generation, the Mou clan had truly become a well-known landowner in Jiaodong and even the whole country. According to legend, he had some dark skin and a "mo" in his name, so his clan nicknamed him "Mou Er Kuroko".
In 1836 (the sixteenth year of Daoguang), Qixia "apologized for the years and couldnibalized people", and the hungry people went to the ancient town of Dumu to borrow grain. He made a rule: grain should not be borrowed, only land can be exchanged. The starving people had to endure the pain of exchanging grain for grain, and it is rumored that the people who came to the door to exchange grain for grain at that time "heeled the door and rubbed their toes and shoulders." After the grain storage was exchanged, Mu Molin returned a boat of sorghum from the northeast and began to exchange 1 bucket of sorghum for 1 mu of land, and later there were too many grain exchanges, and it dropped to several sorghum for 1 mu of land. In 1837, he exchanged two hoards of sorghum for 67 hectares of land, and used this method to annex the land of the peasants in the surrounding 18 villages, causing a large number of self-employed farmers to lose their land and become tenants of the Mou family. By the time of his death, he owned more than 3,000 hectares of land.
In addition to being shrewd, in order to win the hearts and minds of the people, he also occasionally "gave alms" in disaster years. Throughout his life, he did not talk about clothing, and often carried a shovel dung basket up the mountain to inspect the crops. On his deathbed, he instructed his sons to inherit their own aspirations. By the early days of the Republic of China, his family land had reached 4,000 hectares, 8,000 hectares of mountains, and more than 5,500 real estates, becoming one of the largest landlords in Jiaodong and even the north.
If you count from the first building of the Mu manor, the sacrifice hall, the entire manor has been built for more than 200 years. By the time of the land reform review in 1947, the Mou family had a total of more than 60,000 mu of land and 120,000 mu of mountain forests.
——The story of Mou Er Kuroko that the older Qingdao people heard
When I was a child, I heard the old people tell me that Mu Erhezi of Qixia was a big landlord, and there was a lot of land in his family. There is a legend that there was a man named Huazi who went to his house to beg for food, and the doorman did not give it, at this time, Mu Er Kuroko happened to pass by, so he said to the doorman: Send this person who wants food, he also has to pull it to our field.
Feeling that she had been treated unfairly, she left angrily after eating the begging meal. On the way, he told Huazi to have a grudge, and heard that the nearby farmland was owned by Mu ErHezi's family, so he resolutely did not defecate when he was in a hurry, and did not want to let his manure lose the land of Mu Er Kuroko's family.
From day to night, it has been tens of kilometers away from the Mou family, asking pedestrians on the road who is the owner of this place? Answer: Mou Er Kuroko. He couldn't hold back and had to contribute fertilizer to the Mu family's land.
There is an ancient tree in the manor, the scientific name is "Ziwei", also known as "Hundred Days Red", locally called "Itch Tree". Under the care of this exuberant and aura, this ancient tree has lasted for more than two centuries and is still full of leaves and red flowers.
Professor Yang Naiji, a famous tourism expert and architecture expert in China, said that this is a symbol of "the place where the prosperity of the six hundred years is". Therefore, the locals value this ancient tree so much that they worship it. "Touch the itchy tree, full of aura", "scratch on the tree, take home the qi", which is widely spread in Jiaodong.
In the past, from Qingdao to Qixia, you had to take the Qingyin Expressway, drive to the territory of Pingdu and then turn to the same three highways to Qixia, taking a bow back shape, quite a bit of a detour. Nowadays, if you go from Qingdao again, you will no longer go so far, and then turn to Qinglong Expressway after taking Qingyin, basically driving in a straight line, and come to Qixia in less than two hours. Mou's manor is easy to find, the road signs are clear, under the highway into Qixia, the manor is in the north of the city.
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