The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is an important work in the cultivation of high quality and high yield in the cut flower season, in the prevention and control should be in line with the basic principles and strategies of "prevention as the mainstay, comprehensive control", it is best to control them in the early stage of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and completely eliminate them, for which good cultivation conditions should be created, and excellent varieties with disease resistance and strong insect strength should be selected, and a reasonable cultivation management system should be implemented.
(1) Prevention and control of major diseases 1. Monthly black spot disease (1) Pathogenesis pattern Pathogens overwinter on the deciduous leaves of the diseased plant. The following spring produces conidia for initial infestation. Conidia are spread by the splash of rainwater or irrigation water, and are directly invaded by the epidermis. The incubation period varies depending on the suitability of the conditions, and it generally takes 6 to 12 days from the invasion of the pathogen spores to the onset of the disease. During the growing season, the bacteria have multiple re-infections.
(2) Prevention and control measures (1) Do a good job in solid land hygiene and reduce the source of immersion. In autumn and winter, remove diseased leaves and branches in time and destroy them centrally. Strengthen cultivation management, improve environmental conditions, and improve the growth potential of peach plants. Whether it is solid cultivation or greenhouse cultivation density should be reasonable, the appropriate plant row spacing is conducive to ventilation and ventilation, watering method is best to adopt drip irrigation or ditch irrigation, to avoid spraying and brewing wine. The relative humidity should be monitored in the greenhouse and regulated by appropriate heating and ventilation. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers should be increased to enhance plant resistance. Choose disease-resistant varieties for cultivation, and pay attention to the selection of disease-resistant base wood. For example, it is possible to choose varieties such as "Tianfanna", "Isbel", "Black Dry Layer" and "Sunlight" that are more disease-resistant. (3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. At the beginning of the disease, spray 500 times liquid or 75% Bacillus Qing wettable powder 700 to 1000 times liquid or 1% equivalent amount of Bordeaux liquid, spray once in about half a month, several times in a row can better control the occurrence of disease. In the middle of the disease, 8% zinc wettable powder can be sprayed 500 times liquid or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 to 1000 times liquid, about 10 days spray once, which has a certain effect on inhibiting the expansion of disease spots. It is best to use inhalation agents alternately to avoid pathogenic bacteria from developing resistance.
2. Powdery mildew (1) Pathogenesis overwinters on diseased buds, diseased leaves or diseased branches, and some areas are initially infected with ascospores formed in closed shells. Pathogenic spores spread with the wind or through the air flow surface, directly penetrate the stratum corneum and epidermal cells, and invade the host. Conidia of pathogens during the monthly growth period can be continuously reinfected. (2) Prevention and control measures d Timely clean up diseased branches and leaves and diseased leaves to reduce the source of initial infection. (2) Control the temperature and humidity in the environment, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, cause unfavorable conditions for the growth of pathogens, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. (3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. Spray Bordeaux liquid (1:2:10 to 200) or Baume 3 to 4 degree stone sulfur compound before germination in early spring to eliminate the overwintering hyphae in the bud or the closed shell of the diseased part. In the growth period of the disease, spray 50% of the Phenylite wettable powder 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid or 50% Garrinon wettable powder 1000 times liquid control effect is better, in the winter greenhouse, the sulfur alkali powder liquid is applied to the warm pipe to allow its volatilization can also effectively prevent and control the disease. (4) Select powdery mildew-resistant varieties suitable for planting in the region. (5) Actively carry out biological control and promote the application of biological pesticides. The use of agroanthin 120 or b, emulsion 100 to 150 times liquid to prevent powdery mildew is also effective.
3. Monthly blight (1) Pathogenesis overwinters in the diseased tissue of stems and branches, and sexual stages form on diseased branches in the early spring of the type year. Subsequently, the resulting ascospores or conidia are transmitted by wind and rain and water splashes to become the source of initial infection. Generally through dormant buds or wound invasion and less from the non-injurious epidermis. The entire growing season is mainly infested by conidia, spread and pest, and there is re-infection. (2) Prevention and control measures (1) Do a good job in the hygiene of the garden and greenhouse, and eliminate the disease-inducing branches, stumps and dead branches and leaves in a timely manner. (2) Try to avoid causing unnecessary wounds, and pay attention to the use of appropriate pruning methods and periods when pruning or cutting flowers. It is generally advisable to choose a sunny day for pruning, so that the wound is easy to dry and heal. Trimming can be protected from new infestations with 1% copper sulfate or 1:1:150 Bordeaux liquid spray. The pruning tool can also be sterilized with 0.1% L of mercury to reduce the spread of germs. (3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. At the beginning of the disease, it can be controlled with 70% methyl tolbuzin 1000 times liquid or 75% bacillus 1000 times liquid or 50% deflection 800 times liquid.
(2) Control of major insect pests 1. Macrosiphum rosinorum zhang (1) Morphological characteristics (1) Wingless parthenoper aphid, light green body, a few orange-red, 3 to 4 milli*. The 3rd section of the antennae is pale, with 6 to 12 sensory circles. The abdominal tube is oblong cylindrical, black, with a reticulated end surface, and the ventral tube is 2.5 times longer than the tail piece. The tail patch is oblong-conical, pale, with small protrusions on the surface into horizontal stripes, and there are 7 to 9 hairs. (2) Winged lone male good, green body grass, 3 to 4 mm long. Each segment of the abdomen has median and lateral margin spots, and the third segment of the antennae has 40 to 45 circular sensory circles, which are overlapping and arranged. The tube is twice as long as the tail plate, and the shape of the abdominal tube and the tail plate is the same as that of the wingless. (2) Prevention and control measures (1) In winter or early spring, the aphid leaves are pruned and treated intensively. (2) The occurrence of harmful period, timely inspection, when the occurrence is not much, brush removal can be used for early treatment. When the amount is large, use 40% oxidized Leguo 100 to 1500 times liquid or 50% coxone 100 times liquid, or fish vine essence 1000 to 2000 times liquid, or 25% cypermethrin emulsion 3000 to 5000 times liquid spray control. (3) Place yellow viscose boards in flower beds or greenhouses to trap winged aphids. (4) Pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural enemies of aphids such as ladybirds, aphid-eating flies and grass ridges.
2. Areg paganapanztr (1) Morphological characteristics (1) Adult, body length of about 8 mm. The head , thorax , and feet are black , the abdomen is orange-yellow , and the wings are black and translucent. (2) The egg is orange-yellow oval, and gradually turns green when hatching. 3 larvae, the body of the young insect is pale green, and the body of the elderly larvae is yellowish brown. From the first city of the chest to the 8th section of the abdomen, each segment has 3 rows of transverse black color protrusions, and the upper part is hairy. Silky. Stage a, milky or magenta, about 10 mm long. Children are pale yellow, fine round (2) control measures to eliminate the source of overwintering insects. Type 3 countries such as the cluster of young industries, timely removal of pest leaves. 8 Palm exercises in the first generation of young blood occurrence period, with 0% love camp weight 00 times liquid check 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 ~ 2000 times liquid, or 50% octyl sulfur emulsion 1500 times liquid spraying prevention and control effect is better.
3. Neosyrista sinnilis moscary (1) Morphological characteristics (1) Adult, black, shiny, 15 to 20 mm long. There are 2 small yellow-green dots between the compound eyes. The wings are brown , translucent , with a purple shimmer. The female has 3 tail spines at the end of the abdomen, 1 long and 2 short, and the male has a slender abdomen with yellow-green sides. (2) Oval yolk white. (3) Larvae, milky white, body length of 18 to 20 mm, the head is light yellow, and there is a brown tail spine at the tail end. (2) Prevention and control measures (1) Timely pruning of the affected branches and eliminates the eggs and larvae in the stem. (2) When pruning and renewing in winter, 1 to 2 drops of 80% dichlorvos emulsion are dripped into the marrow of the flat stubble and then the residual larvae are sealed to kill the remaining larvae. (3) It is advantageous to have the characteristics that adults are not easily frightened when laying eggs, and artificially kill adults.
4. Eotetranychus smithipritet baker (1) Morphological characteristics (1) Female mite, red in body, oval, 0.4 to 0.5 mm long and 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide. There are dark spots on the sides of the body , and the feet and jaws are white. (2) Male mites, body length of about 0.3 mm, width of 0.1 mm. (2) Control measures (1) Pay attention to pruning or eliminating insect leaves and insect branches to reduce the number of insect mouths. In the summer, the garden should be watered and sprayed when appropriate, and try to avoid drought or high temperature to make the pest mites survive and multiply. (2) In winter, you can regularly spray the stone sulfur compound of 3 to 5 degrees of Baume to eliminate the wintering wax on the branches and leaves. (3) In the harmful period, the drug should be sprayed in time and early to avoid aggravation of the harm in the later stage. It can spray 40% trichloroicidelfidol emulsion 1000 times liquid, or 50% trichloroicide alum wettable powder 1500 to 2000 times liquid, or 25% iminothion emulsion 1000 times liquid can be more effective in killing pest mites. Depending on the degree of occurrence, determine the number of sprays and pay attention to the spray evenly in place. (4) Protect and utilize predators.