The "Bronze Gui of The Duke of Qin" in the picture below is a collection of cultural relics photographed by Xiao Ya at the National Museum. According to official sources, the cultural relics were excavated in Tianshui City, Gansu Province in 1921, and the Bronze Gui of Qin Gong excavated in 1917 at the site of the Xiquzong Temple in Honghe Township, Lixian County, Gansu Province, is very similar, and also has the word "Qin Gong", but whether the two are said to be the same "Qin Gong" is still a mystery.
Qin Gong bronze gui original photography
It can be basically concluded that the inscriptions on the lids of the two "Qin Gong" bronze guises are basically the same. Its content is roughly as follows:
"Do not manifest the Emperor and, by the Mandate of Heaven, The Emperor's Billet, ten and two dukes, in the Emperor's Billet."
Yan, Gong Yu Heavenly Destiny, Baoye Qin, Qiu Shi Barbarian.
Although Yu's younger son Mu Mu, Shuai Bingmingde, Thorn (Lielie) Huan Huan, Mai Min is an edict.
Salty animals, Wen Wu, calm and unattractive, pious and reverent.
Kiss Zong Yi, to Emperor Shao, and his strict imperial family, to receive tun halogen.
Duo Li Mei Shou has no boundaries, The Qi is in the sky, Gao Hong has the Harrier, and the stove has the four directions. suitable. ”
The Bronze Inscription of the Duke of Qin was filmed on the spot
The inscription probably means that the Qin state built the capital of Huaxia, which has lasted for twelve generations, and its prestige is far and wide; (Qin Jing) Gong inherits the merits of his ancestors, nurtures all the people, warriors and courtiers, and talents, so that he will always have four sides, which is a tribute to this instrument.
Then, from Tianshui to Lixian more than ninety kilometers, two basically the same cultural relics have been unearthed at such a distance, and they are called "Qin Gong" bronze gui, who is this "Qin Gong"? From the excavation of the text to the present, in the past hundred years, the archaeological community has been quite controversial, and there have been many academic views such as "Xianggong Theory", "Wengong Theory", "Degong Theory", "Huan Gong Theory" and "Jinggong Theory", which have been boiling over, and the east wind has overwhelmed the west wind.
From the perspective of historical chronology, the Qin of the Spring and Autumn Period existed in 888 BC, if the title of "Gong" is used to calculate, it should be counted from the Duke of Qinzhuang (821 BC to 778 BC), and the twelfth "Gong" should be the Duke of Qin Kang (620 BC - 609 BC). Today, most people believe that it is a relic of the Qin Jinggong (576 BC - 537 BC) era, but qin Jinggong is the 19th monarch. During this period, there were still those who had not yet ascended the throne (Qin Wengong, Qin Jinggong, Qin Wengong), and there were only a few who had reigned for 1 year and less than 3 years, which may be rounded up and omitted, but this is also a theoretical doctrine, which is beyond reproach. Whether it is "Kang Gong" or "Jing Gong", it is based on the "Ten and Two Gongs" in the inscription on the lid of the cultural relics. As for "Xianggong", "Degong", etc., the standard of calculation may have new differences, in short, they are all based on "ten and two gongs" as the inference standard.
Qin Gong bronze gui partial
For the in-depth exploration of the accurate identity of the "Duke of Qin", I think the most large-scale one should originate from the "ancient tomb catastrophe" that occurred in Li County, Gansu Province, at the end of the twentieth century. At that time, when the locals sold the "keel" as a medicinal herb in exchange for money, they accidentally found that some of the "broken copper and rotten iron" they picked were very valuable, and the "keel" was eliminated. A boy who was so poor that he couldn't even eat food came home and untied his belt and dropped a bunch of bundles of money from his clothes, which scared his father into crying! He didn't know that the "broken copper jar" dug out of the ground was worth so much! The information of the sudden rich could not be concealed, and the crowd of people digging graves smelled the wind and moved, like mushrooms after the rain, and soon spread all over the mountains, and the pickaxes were lifted in unison, not willing to give up day and night, picking up lights and fighting at night. According to reports, at that time, the ancient tomb was opened, and many cultural relics were "carried with pockets" and "carried more than a dozen times in a row", "one meter and eight meters high". Cultural relics dealers sit on the ground to buy, see gold, silver, bronze or jade directly acquired, stone chime white to illegal traders, gold leaf according to the weight of grams, see pottery or stone tools will not be accepted, on the spot by the excavators smashed and thrown away. Although these illiterate peasants were also brilliant for a while, the results were not long, and after the money was spent, they still returned to the old days. However, the devastating damage to cultural relics was extremely serious, and the damage was immeasurable. There are countless cultural relics that have been lost to the United States, France, Britain, Germany, and Japan.
In 1993, after this matter was reported by media reporters, it attracted the great attention of the government departments, and the archaeological work on the tomb of "Qin Gong" was officially launched.
Through more than 8 months of excavation and sorting, the "Qin Gong" No. 1 Tomb of the two large tombs and nine small tombs was basically completed. In this excavation, in the 115-meter-long and 16.5-meter-deep cemetery, few things were excavated.
Let's go back to the artifacts themselves.
Because most of the bronzes that have been displaced overseas have the inscription "Qin Gong", some experts and scholars have preliminarily concluded that this area of Lixian County, Gansu Province, may be the garden mausoleum of the early Qin people. This thesis was later confirmed step by step, and this was the first mausoleum area of the Qin people they had been looking for, the XiquLing District.
Returning to our theme artifact, although this artifact was excavated in 1917, it cannot be ruled out that it originated from the hands of tomb robbers. So, the new question arises: Who stole it? Where did it come from? Who is the owner of the tomb? All this has become a mystery for eternity.
The excavation of the XiquLing District and other mausoleum areas has only solved the tip of the iceberg through the ages: the Qin people moved from east to west, starting from xixia, developing in Yongcheng, growing stronger than Xianyang, and then destroying the Six Kingdoms and unifying the world. However, there is still no accurate answer to which "Duke of Qin" on the bronze guise is the Duke of Qin.