Yunling cattle is a new breed of beef cattle cultivated by the Yunnan Academy of Grassland Animal Sciences through hybridization and cross-fertilization for 31 years, and its bloodline consists of one-half Brahmin cattle, one-quarter Mole grey cattle and one-quarter Yunnan cattle, which changes the defects of Yunnan cattle such as small size, slow growth rate and low individual product rate; changes the defects of Molei grey cattle such as poor resistance to ticks, heat tolerance and rough feeding; and changes the defects of low meat production rate and poor meat quality of Brahmin cattle. At the same time, it retains the excellent characteristics of Yunnan cattle with strong adaptability, resistance to rough feeding, good beef flavor, fast growth, high reproductive performance, good meat quality, and heat resistance of Brahmin cattle, resistance to ticks and easy feeding management. Yunling cattle have strong adaptability, early maturity, good fattening effect, and can produce high-grade snowflake beef, breaking the technical bottleneck of China's production of snowflake beef only by introducing Japanese Wagyu beef. It has injected fresh blood into the production of beef cattle in the south of China.
Yunling cattle are mainly yellow and black, with short, thin and dense hairs, medium body size, good combination of various parts, delicate and compact, and rich muscles; the head is slightly smaller, the eyes are bright, most of them have no horns; the ears are slightly larger, the lateral relaxation; the neck is medium-long; the bull shoulder peak is obvious, the neck, chest drop and abdominal droop are more developed, the body is wide and deep, the back waist is straight; the hind body and buttocks are full; the cow's shoulder peak is slightly raised, the chest is obvious, the limbs are long, the hooves are strong, and the tail is slender. It has the characteristics of a typical tropical cattle.
Under the general breeding management conditions, Yunling cattle have good growth performance. For example, under the condition of feeding management of grazing and supplementary feeding, the daily weight gain of 12 to 24 months old can reach 1.2 kg.
Yunling cattle after ordinary fattening, has good carcass performance and good meat quality, 24 months old Yunling male and female cattle show good meat production performance, if they can be fattened to 30 months old, the proportion of meat and high-grade beef production is higher; Yunling cattle live weight is (738.2±58.65) kg, slaughter rate is (65.81±6.05%), net meat rate (41.07±2.40%), eye muscle area (85.7±8.8) square centimeters, meat-to-bone ratio of 4.7:1. High-grade meat pieces (beef fillet, upper brain, eye meat, four cold) account for 7.4% of the living weight, according to the Japanese Wagyu beef segmentation and grading standards, 70% of the individual meat quality reaches A3 or above, its taste is good, comparable to Japanese Wagyu beef.
Yunling cattle cows have strong maternal nature, good reproductive performance, 8 to 10 months of age in the initial love period, 12 months of suitable month age or more than 250 kg of weight, estrus cycle of 21 days, duration of estrus is 12 to 27 hours, gestation period of 278 to 289 days, postpartum estrus time is 60 to 90 days, difficult birth rate is less than 1%, reproductive survival rate is higher than 80%; bulls 18 months old or weigh more than 300 kg can be matched.
Yunling cattle social benefits
Since the pilot test in 2006, a total of more than 500 Yunling cattle bulls have been promoted, more than 300,000 doses of frozen essence have been promoted, and about 300,000 hybrid improved beef cattle have been produced cumulatively. According to the monitoring results of the pilot project team, the yunling cattle hybrid improved cattle gained about 50 kg more weight than the local cattle in Yunnan at the age of 0.5 to 1.0 years old, and about 100 kg more weight than the local cattle from 1.5 to 2.5 years old. According to the survey, Yunling cattle hybrid improved cattle resistant to rough feeding, strong stress resistance, wide range of adaptation, good price, each breeding 1 Yunling cattle hybrid improved cattle can be more profitable than Yunnan local cattle 1500.00 ~ 3000.00 yuan, that is, the promotion of Yunling cattle at least for the majority of enterprises and farmers to achieve an increase in income of more than 500 million yuan. At the same time, tens of thousands of rural labor force jobs have been solved, more jobs have been provided for rural areas, favorable conditions have been created for peasants to increase income, the people's living standards have been improved, and the road to prosperity has been embarked upon.
In addition, with the help of the expansion of Yunling cattle and pilot promotion, Yunnan Grassland Animal Science Research Institute led the establishment of the "Yunnan Beef Cattle Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance", the current alliance members (research units and enterprises) reached 32, whether it is research, breeding, or processing are mainly Based on the use of Yunling cattle, co-construction platform, sharing resources, to Yunnan Province and even the southern Chinese beef cattle industry industrialization development has made a positive contribution.
The scope and conditions of the promoted app
Yunling cattle are active and agile, easy to establish conditioned reflexes, resistant to rough feeding, strong disease resistance, heat resistance and tick resistance, convenient feeding management, suitable for both free range breeding and intensive breeding of farmers; both suitable for full-time grazing, but also suitable for whole house feeding captivity, especially under the condition of high nutritional level, it can give full play to its production potential. Due to the characteristics of Early Sexual Maturity, Early Growth, High Feed Remuneration, and Ability to Produce High-grade Snowflake Beef, Yunling Cattle has been recognized by breeding enterprises and cattle farmers, and the number of breeding and breeding areas have increased year by year.
In terms of climatic conditions, the scope of promotion and application of Yunling cattle is relatively wide, and temperate belts and tropical areas are suitable for their growth, reproduction and development, and they are the preferred breeds for high temperature and humidity in the south.
Development prospects
Yunling cattle have strong maternal nature, good reproductive performance, suitable for mountain breeding, especially in the low nutrition, natural pasture grazing extensive management conditions can still maintain high fertility, long service life, is an excellent mother of hybrid beef cattle production, can reduce the reproductive maintenance needs, produce the ideal commercial beef cattle, reduce the production cost of breeding cows.
In the summary of pilot promotion, from the results that The hybridization of Yunling cattle and Xiben cattle has better production performance than Simmental and Xiben grade hybrid cattle, Yunling cattle can be used as a supporting line, and other breeds of hybrid cattle use synthetic strains for commercial beef cattle production.
Under the efforts of actively participating in the breeding of Yunling cattle, in addition to the core group of the small sentinel pasture of the Yunnan Academy of Grassland Animal Sciences, 8 Yunling cattle breeding farms and dozens of improvement stations/points have been built in various parts of Yunnan Province. The stock of Yunling cattle in each expansion farm is more than 300 heads, and the cumulative number of improved cattle in Yunling is more than 300,000. At the same time, in order to increase the selection and promotion of Yunling cattle, in recent years, the core farm of Yunling cattle has improved infrastructure construction and strengthened feeding management, and the core farm and the expansion of the farm have reached more than 3,000 heads, providing more than 100,000 doses of fine tube frozen essence of Yunling cattle and more than 1,000 heads of breeding cattle every year, providing a seed source guarantee for the industrialization of beef cattle in Yunnan Province and southern China
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