There are many kinds of vegetable pests in the protected area, and the main occurrences of perennial insects are whiteflies, thrips, pest mites and aphids, which overlap generations, large insects, high resistance, heavy harm, and do not take prevention and control measures can lead to serious losses, or even extinction; occasionally there are small vegetable moths, cotton bollworms, beet nocturnal moths, twill nocturnal moths and other lepidopteran pests. The cultivation environment of the protected area is closed, the degradation of chemical pesticides is difficult, and the pollution is serious. The use of biological control technology is an effective way to replace the use of chemical pesticides, ensure the quality and safety of vegetables, and promote green plant protection. In order to do a good job in prevention and control, this plan is specially formulated.
1. Prevention and control objectives
The control and disposal rate of important pests in vegetables in protected areas is more than 95%, the overall control effect of pests is more than 80%, the damage loss rate is controlled within 10%, and the use of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 50% compared with conventional control methods, so as to ensure vegetable production and product safety.
Second, prevention and control strategies
In view of the occurrence characteristics of vegetable pests in protected areas, the strategy of "real-time monitoring, early prevention, pre-control and post-control, and multiple strategies" is adopted, based on the technology of reducing the source of insect sources such as healthy cultivation, physical isolation and ecological control, and the release of natural enemies and the application of biological pesticides as the main means to control the loss of pests below the level of economic harm.
3. Scope of application
This scheme is suitable for vegetable pest control in protected area facilities with well controlled temperature and humidity, light, ventilation and containment within the facility.
Fourth, the main biological control technology
(1) Insect source base control and healthy cultivation technology
1． Cleaning the shed: After the harvest of the former stubble crops, pull the seedlings and clear the shed in time, completely remove the stumps, fallen leaves, bare roots, etc., and set them deeply buried outside the shed or fertilized.
2． Soil disinfection: soil disinfectant is evenly and appropriately applied before colonization to kill pathogens, and beneficial bacterial fertilizer is added after treatment.
3． Install insect nets: Set up buffer rooms next to the shed, install 60 mesh insect nets at the entrance and entrance and upper and lower vents to block the invasion of pests.
4． Shed disinfection: After covering the insect net, the closed fumigation or agent is evenly sprayed on the wall, shed film, buffer room 1-2 times, and sown or transplanted after 10-15 days. During the summer break, the high temperature shed is carried out for 7-15 days using solar energy.
5． Planting functional plants: planting sesame seeds, alfalfa and other honey source plants that are conducive to the breeding of natural enemy insects in the open space between sheds; planting celery, fennel and other avoidant plants that have a repellent effect on pests in front of the vents in the shed; or selective intercropping beans and other lures for concentrated elimination of pests.
6. Healthy cultivation: increase the application of organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer, transplanting of robust seedlings without diseases and insects, reasonable fertilizer water, reasonable dense planting and yield load, ground covering to control humidity, application of amino oligosaccharides, protein immuno-attractants, etc., to improve the plant's resistance to diseases and insects.
(2) Natural enemy insect release technology
1． Pest monitoring: At the seedling stage and after colonization, the color plate is used to monitor or visually monitor the occurrence of the pest population, and the corresponding control measures are adopted when the pest is found.
2． Unleash the technology
(1) Control of whitefly pests
Pest species: greenhouse whitefly, whitefly, etc.
Predator species: Radix wasp, paddle horned aphid wasp, East Asian flower bug, blind bug predator.
Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Aphid beetle predators (aphid wasps, paddle horned aphid bees) are released once every 7-10 days at 2000 heads/mu, released 3-5 times in a row; small flower bug predators are released 500 heads/mu, released once every 7-10 days, released 2-4 times consecutively; blind bug predators are released in 0.5-1 heads/m2 in the seedbed 15-20 days before colonization, released once in a seedbed; or after 15 days of colonization, according to 1-2 heads/m2, blind bug predators are released 2 to 3 times in a row, and released once every 7 days.
(2) Control of thrips pests
Pest species: palm thrips, westflower thrips, shallot thrips, tube thrips, etc.
Natural enemy species: small flower bug natural enemy, cucumber new small mite, pasteurized new small mite.
Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Small flower bug predators are released once every 7-10 days at 300-400 heads/mu, and released 2-4 times in a row; cucumber new small pig mites or pasteurized new small pig mites are released once according to 5-10 heads/plant, and then released again after 20 days according to 20-30 heads/plant.
(3) Prevention and control of pest mites
Pest mite species: cinnabar leaf mite, truncated leaf mite, dichophyllum leaf mite, etc.
Natural enemy species: Chilean small plant mite, California new small mite, cucumber new small mite, pasteurized new small mite.
Release technology: After 10-15 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and release predatory mites when pest mites are found. Chilean small plant mites are released 2-3 times in a row according to 3000 heads/mu, every 15-20 days; California new small mites are released at 10000-20000 heads/mu, and released once after 15 days; cucumber new small mites or pasteurized new small mites are released at 5000-10000 heads/mu, and then released once after 25-30 days.
(4) Control of aphid pests
Pest species: peach aphid, melon aphid, pea aphid, radish aphid.
Predator species: Aphid cocoon bees, ladybirds, grasshoppers, aphid-eating paralysis mosquitoes.
Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Aphid cocoon wasps are released once every 7-10 days according to 2000-4000 heads/mu, released 3 times in a row; ladybugs (eggs) are released once every 7-10 days, and released 2-3 times continuously; grasshoppers (cocoons) are released once every 7-10 days, and released 2-3 times continuously; aphids are released once every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times are released continuously; aphids are released once every 7-10 days, and 3-4 times continuously.
(5) Control of Lepidoptera pests
Pest species: small cabbage moth, beet nocturnal moth, cotton bollworm, twill nocturnal moth, etc.
Predator species: Red-eyed bees, flying bugs, semi-closed-tailed wasps.
Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Red-eyed bees are released once every 5000-10000 heads/mu, released once every 5-7 days, and released 2-3 times consecutively; cockroaches are released 50-100 heads/mu, or every 5-7 days, released 1-2 times continuously; semi-closed curved tailed wasps are released once every 150-300 heads/mu, released every 10-20 days, and released 1-3 times continuously.
(3) Biological pesticide prevention and control technology
As a supplement to the release technology of natural enemy insects, biopesticide control technology is used when the occurrence of pests in protected areas is large, the number of insect mouths needs to be rapidly depressed to release natural enemies, or the control effect of natural enemies is insufficient. Before use, it is necessary to determine the compatibility of biopesticides with natural enemies and reduce their impact on natural enemies.
Usually, the pesticide is applied at the beginning of the occurrence or occurrence of pest spot tablets, preferably microbial or plant-derived insecticides, acaricides. Whiteflies can choose agents such as wax borer, coccidioides, mineral oil, polybactericides and other agents; pest mites can choose mineral oil, liuyangmycin, quinoa alkali and other agents; aphids can choose averatine, rotenone, pyrethroids, matrine and other agents; thrips can choose polybactericides and other agents; lepidoptera pests can choose bt., short stable bacilli and polyhedral virus preparations.
Source: National Agricultural Technology Center