There are many kinds of vegetable pests in the protected area, and the main occurrences of perennial insects are whiteflies, thrips, pest mites and aphids, which overlap generations, large insects, high resistance, heavy harm, and do not take prevention and control measures can lead to serious losses, or even extinction; occasionally there are small vegetable moths, cotton bollworms, beet nocturnal moths, twill nocturnal moths and other lepidopteran pests. The cultivation environment of the protected area is closed, the degradation of chemical pesticides is difficult, and the pollution is serious. The use of biological control technology is an effective way to replace the use of chemical pesticides, ensure the quality and safety of vegetables, and promote green plant protection. In order to do a good job in prevention and control, this plan is specially formulated.
Prevention and control objectives
The control and disposal rate of important pests in vegetables in protected areas is more than 95%, the overall control effect of pests is more than 80%, the damage loss rate is controlled within 10%, and the use of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 50% compared with conventional control methods, so as to ensure vegetable production and product safety.
Prevention and control strategies
In view of the occurrence characteristics of vegetable pests in protected areas, the strategy of "real-time monitoring, early prevention, pre-control and post-control, and multiple strategies" is adopted, based on the technology of reducing the source of insect sources such as healthy cultivation, physical isolation and ecological control, and the release of natural enemies and the application of biological pesticides as the main means to control the loss of pests below the level of economic harm.
Scope of application
This scheme is suitable for vegetable pest control in protected area facilities with well controlled temperature and humidity, light, ventilation and containment within the facility.
Major biological control technologies
1. Insect source base control and healthy cultivation technology
1--- clean the shed
After the harvest of the former stubble crops, the seedlings are pulled in time to clear the shed, and the stumps, fallen leaves, bare roots, etc. are completely removed, and they are buried deep or fertilized outside the shed.
2--- soil disinfection
Before colonization, soil disinfectant is evenly and appropriately sprinkled to kill germs, and beneficial bacteria fertilizer is added after treatment.
3--- install insect nets
A buffer room is set up next to the shed, and 60 mesh insect nets are installed at the entrance and entrance and the upper and lower vents to block the invasion of pests.
4--- disinfect the shed
After covering the insect net, the closed fumigation or agent is evenly sprayed on the wall, shed film, buffer room 1-2 times, and sown or transplanted after 10-15 days. During the summer break, the high temperature shed is carried out for 7-15 days using solar energy.
5--- grow functional plants
Plant honey source plants such as sesame seeds and alfalfa that are conducive to the reproduction of natural enemy insects in the open space of the shed; plant celery, fennel and other avoidant plants that have a repellent effect on pests in front of the vents in the shed; or selectively intercropping beans and other attractive plants for concentrated pest eradication.
6--- healthy cultivation
Increase the application of organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer, transplanting of robust seedlings without diseases and insects, reasonable fertilizer water, reasonable dense planting and yield load, ground mulching to control humidity, application of amino oligosaccharides, protein immuno-attractants, etc., to improve the plant resistance to diseases and insects.
2.
Natural enemy insect release technology
Pest monitoring
At the seedling stage and after colonization, the color plate is used to monitor or visually monitor the occurrence of pest populations, and corresponding control measures are adopted when pests are found.
Unleash the technology
1 whitefly pest
▶ Pest species: greenhouse whitefly, whitefly, etc.
▶ Predator species: Radix wasp, paddle horned aphid wasp, East Asian flower bug, blind bug predator.
▶ Release technology: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies.
Aphid wasp predators (aphid wasps, paddle horned aphid bees) are released once every 7-10 days at 2000 heads/mu, and released 3-5 times continuously.
Small flower bug predators are released every 7-10 days at 500 heads/acre, and 2-4 consecutive releases.
Blind bug predators are released in the seedbed according to 0.5-1 head/m2 15-20 days before colonization, or after 15 days of colonization, according to 1-2 heads/m2, blind bug predators are released 2-3 times in a row, once every 7 days.
2 thrips pests
▶ Pest species: palm thrips, westflower thrips, shallot thrips, tube thrips, etc.
▶ Natural enemy species: small flower bug natural enemy, cucumber new small mite, pasteurized new small mite.
Small flower bug predators are released every 7-10 days at 300-400 heads/mu, and 2-4 times in a row.
Cucumber new small mite or pasteurized new small mite is released once according to 5-10 heads/plant, and then released again after 20 days according to 20-30 heads/plant.
3 Pest mites
▶ Pest mite species: cinnabar leaf mite, truncated leaf mite, dichophyllum leaf mite, etc.
▶ Natural enemy species: Chilean small plant mite, California new small mite, cucumber new small mite, pasteurized new small mite.
▶ Release technology: After 10-15 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and release predatory mites when pest mites are found.
Chilean small plant mites are released at 3000 heads/mu, every 15-20 days, and 2-3 times continuously.
California new small mites are released at 10,000-20,000 heads/acre at intervals of 15 days.
Cucumber new small pig mite or pasteurized new small pig mite according to 5000-10000 head / mu, after an interval of 25-30 days and then press 20000-30000 head / mu release once.
4 Aphid pests
▶ Pest species: peach aphid, melon aphid, pea aphid, radish aphid.
▶ Predator species: Aphid cocoon bees, ladybirds, grasshoppers, aphid-eating paralysis mosquitoes.
Aphid cocoon wasps are released every 7-10 days at 2000-4000 heads/mu, and 3 times in a row.
Ladybugs (eggs) are released every 7-10 days at 1000 heads/acre, and released 2-3 times continuously.
Grasshoppers (cocoons) are released every 7-10 days according to 300-500 heads/mu, and 2-3 times continuously.
Aphid-eating gall mosquitoes are released once every 7-10 days according to 200-300 heads/mu, and 3-4 consecutive releases.
5 Cure Lepidoptera pests
▶ Pest species: small cabbage moth, beet nocturnal moth, cotton bollworm, twill nocturnal moth, etc.
▶ Predator species: Red-eyed bees, flying bugs, semi-closed-tailed wasps.
Red-eyed bees are released at 5000-10000 heads/mu, every 5-7 days, and 2-3 times continuously.
Cockroaches are released at 50-100 heads/mu, or every 5-7 days, and 1-2 consecutive releases.
Semi-closed curved tail bees are released once every 10-20 days at 150-300 heads/mu, and 1-3 times continuously.
3. Biological pesticide control technology
As a supplement to the release technology of natural enemy insects, biopesticide control technology is used when the occurrence of pests in protected areas is large, the number of insect mouths needs to be rapidly depressed to release natural enemies, or the control effect of natural enemies is insufficient. Before use, it is necessary to determine the compatibility of biopesticides with natural enemies and reduce their impact on natural enemies.
Usually, the pesticide is applied at the beginning of the occurrence or occurrence of pest spot tablets, preferably microbial or plant-derived insecticides, acaricides.
Whitefly can choose to use waxhopper rotifers, coccidioides, mineral oil, polybactericides and other agents.
Pesticide mites can choose mineral oil, liuyangmycin, veratine and other agents.
Aphids can choose alfalene, rotenone, pyrethroids, matrine and other agents.
Thrips can choose agents such as polyficides.
Lepidoptera pests can choose bt., bacillus breve and polyxel virus preparations.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Author: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center