When I was in middle school, our history textbooks wrote this:
Watt, the father of the steam engine.
Open the encyclopedia and you can also see:
James Watt (19 January 1736 – 25 August 1819) was a British inventor, entrepreneur, and an important figure in the first industrial revolution, who built the first practical steam engine in 1776.
He ushered in a new era of human energy utilization and ushered in the "age of steam".
It can be seen that Watt is very closely related to the steam engine
However, the earliest steam engine was not invented by Watt, and it was only because of Watt's improvement of the steam engine that this sudden industrial revolution became the most important revolution in human history in two thousand years!
But who invented the steam engine?
According to the information, a scientist named Hiro, in the 1st century AD, invented the world's first steam-driven machine, called: steam ball.
This device is the earliest prototype of the steam engine, but unfortunately, it has no practical application significance. In the eyes of more people, it is more like a toy!
What's that? We can all make ourselves:
1. Prepare a can filled with water;
2. At both ends of the can, insert two small holes in each, and insert the trachea with the small holes;
3. Hang the can;
4. Light a candle and bake the bottom of the can;
5. Observe the cans.
At this time, we can be surprised to see that the can is heated, and at the small holes on both sides, the trachea is breathing hot, and according to the force and reaction force, the can gradually begins to move!
Magical dynamics! Heat energy is converted into kinetic energy!
This scientist named Hiro invented this thing, which can only give this impression to people in the world and even in future generations:
This guy was awesome and designed a toy that used the steam principle to drive it!
This principle, until the appearance of Watt, completely put it on the path of practicality, at this time, 1700 years after Hiro invented the steam ball.
Time, back in 1763, when Watt, who was already working on the improvement of the steam engine, learned that a steam engine at the University of Glasgow was being repaired in London, and he begged the university to recall the opportunity to let him study it.
After much effort, Watt got his hands on it, and he found that the steam engine barely worked after the repair, but it was inefficient.
After analysis, the reason is that the steam in the cylinder has done a lot of useless work! 80% of their heat is used to maintain the temperature of the cylinder.
After a large number of experiments, Watt found that the reason for the low efficiency was that every time the piston was pushed, the steam in the cylinder had to be condensed first, and then heated for the next push, so that 80% of the heat of the steam was spent on maintaining the temperature of the cylinder.
After two years, Watt decided to separate the condenser from the cylinder so that the cylinder temperature could be maintained continuously at the temperature of the injected steam, and on this basis, a model that could be continuously operated was quickly built.
Thereafter, Watt, with the help of entrepreneur John Roebuck, began a trial production of the new steam engine and became a partner in the new company.
Thirteen years later, in 1776, the first new steam engines led by Watt were successfully manufactured and used in actual production.
However, these steam engines are mainly used in pump pumps because they can only provide reciprocating linear motion.
So Watt began to study how to convert the linear reciprocating motion of the steam engine into a circular motion so that the steam engine could power the vast majority of machines.
In 1781, William Murdoch, an employee of the Watt Company, invented a crank gear drive system called "The Sun and the Planets" and successfully patented it under Watt's name. This invention bypassed the limitations of crank patents and greatly expanded the application of the steam engine.
In the next 6 years, Watt made a series of improvements to the steam engine and obtained a series of patents: invented a two-way cylinder, so that steam can be entered and exited from both ends so that it can push the piston in both directions, rather than the previous one-way push; the use of throttle valves and centrifugal throttles to control the operation of the air pressure and steam engine; the invention of a pneumatic indicator to indicate the steam condition; the invention of a three-link group to ensure the linear movement of the cylinder pusher and the air pump. Concerned about the danger of explosion and leakage, Watt's early steam engines used low-pressure steam, and high-pressure steam was later introduced.
After 1785, Watt's improved steam engine was first put into use in the textile sector and was widely welcomed.
It can be seen that from the initial construction of the steam engine model of Hiro to the later watt improvement, in fact, it has gone a long way, and watt improved the steam engine, it also took nearly 20 years.
What can we understand?
Identify a direction to continue to exert force, constantly thinking, can always achieve a career, the ancients so, the present dynasty should be so, just with this word, with the king to encourage!
The point is, don't give up! Don't waste your youth! #詹姆斯 Watt ##工业革命 #
History has a story [cute]
Interesting Stories of History [Adoration]
History has depth [shy]
Follow Me [Teeth]
Read the long river of history [witty]