Pepper jumping nails
Adults mainly feed on the young leaves or petioles of peppercorns, generally eating from the leaf margin first, resulting in a lack of leaf carving, and some eat from the middle of the leaves, so that the leaves form holes.
After hatching, most of the larvae burrow into the leaves to eat the leaf flesh, leaving only the epidermis, and looking at the pepper tree in the distance, it is scorched, causing the pepper tree to sprout twice, exhausting nutrients, resulting in reduced production or even no harvest. After hatching, some of the larvae directly moth into the peduncle or petiole to harm the tender pulp, causing the compound leaves and inflorescence to wilt and droop, and then turn black and wither, and fall to the ground in the wind. Some of the larvae also infest the young pepper fruit of the moth, causing the fruit to become empty and fall off early.
Adult pepper beetles are small , with metallic luster in their elytra wings , but their color varies depending on the species. The orange jumping armor is orange, the red shin jumping armor is emerald green, the copper jumping armor is bronze, and the blue-orange diving jumping armor is purple blue.
1. Agricultural control
In mid-May, check the pepper garden at any time, and find that the wilted inflorescence and compound leaves should be cut off in time, burned or buried deeply; in the first half of June, the pepper garden should be cultivated to eliminate pupae; after the pepper harvest, the dead branches, fallen leaves and weeds under the tree should be completely removed, and the old bark and warped skin of the pepper tree should be scraped off, and the overwintering adult insects should be burned in a concentrated manner to eliminate the overwintering adult insects.
2. Soil medication
According to the habit of adult insects overwintering in the soil, before the adult insects emerge from the peak period, the soil under the canopy is planed loose, 50% octylthion emulsion or 48% Lesben emulsion is 0.6kg per mu, and 30kg of water is evenly sprayed on the ground within 1 to 1.5m around the tree, and then the rake is crossed twice, so that the agent is evenly mixed into the soil, which can effectively prevent the emergence of overwintering adult insects.
3. Spray medicine on trees
In the peak of the overwintering adult sting, in early May, 90% crystalline dimethoate 1000 times liquid, or 80% dichlorvos emulsion 2000 times liquid, or 48% Lesben 1000 times liquid, or 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin 2000 times liquid can be sprayed to eliminate adult worms.
The harm of aphids to peppercorn trees has become not only a global problem, but also a catastrophic problem. According to the sampling survey, the damage rate of buds, leaves and young branches reached 86.3%, the curling and clumping rate of leaves reached 73.6%, and the budding rate reached 62.4%.
Because the aphids are based on adult and nymph clusters on the back of the leaves and on the young shoots to suck sap, not only make the leaves curl into clumps, but also seriously affect the growth and development of pepper trees and photosynthesis and flowering and fruit setting, which can eventually reduce the yield of peppercorns by 20% to 30%, and reduce the yield by 50% in severe cases.
Adults are 1.5 to 2.6 mm long and are divided into two types: winged and wingless. Body color varies according to different types and seasons, including yellow, yellow-green, gray-green, dark green, reddish-brown and so on. The head is smaller and the abdomen is larger, oval-spherical.
(1) Adhere to early treatment, in the hardest hit areas where the harm occurs, we should focus on spraying prevention and control in the early stage of occurrence, and avoid the drawbacks of aphids and aphids.
(2) At the same time, natural enemies can be fed for biological control in places where conditions permit.
(3) Use niacin agents, such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, alenazine, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxamine, thiamethoxamine, thiamethoxine and other long-acting agents such as cypermethrin, bifenthrin, butylthione, etc., plus penetrant (silicone) alternate spray control.
(4) Scrape off the main black skin with a small knife, use thiamethoxen to rub a circle of scraping skin, and after 4 to 5 days the aphids fade.
Pepper butterfly is also known as yellow and black butterfly, citrus butterfly, spring butterfly, yellow polo butterfly, yellow butterfly, commonly known as pepper tiger, yellow butterfly. It is distributed in all peppercorn and citrus producing areas in China. It is mainly harmful to peppercorns, hawthorns, citrus, yellow pineapple and other plants.
Pepper butterfly larvae are very harmful to pepper leaves. After hatching, the larvae first eat the egg shell, then eat the buds and young leaves and adult leaves, and can eat 5 to 6 leaves in their lifetime. If the insect pest occurs on a large scale, it will directly affect the quality and yield of peppercorns. When the larvae are startled, they stretch out their stinky horns to emit an unpleasant odor to avoid predators, and when they are old, they spit silk as a cushion head and tilt towards the suspended pupae.
Adults are 18 to 30 mm long, wing spread 66 to 120 mm long, yellow-green body, black stripes on the back, this butterfly has two kinds of spring and summer, summer shape with dark yellow, small spring shape, the larvae are initially black brown, the head is yellow, and all green when old. The pupal is about 30 mm long. The body is pale green and slightly dark brown, with a prominent protrusion on each side of the head, and a slightly pointed back of the chest.
Left: Butterfly adults Medium: Butterfly eggs Right: Butterfly pupae
(1) Artificial prevention and control.
Timely removal of overwintering pupae in late autumn and early winter. From May to October, the larvae and pupae are manually removed and burned intensively.
(2) Pharmaceutical prevention and control.
When the larvae occur, spray 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1500 times liquid, 90% crystalline dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times liquid, 20% permethrin 3000 times liquid, 2.5% preserved emulsion 2000 times liquid or 4.5% high-guarantee emulsion 2500 times liquid.
(3) Biological control.
Treat insects with bacteria: use 7805 insecticidal bacteria or green worm bacteria (10 billion / g) 400 times liquid spray to control larvae.
Treat insects with insects: the parasitic overwintering pupae of parasitic bees are cut from the pepper branches, placed indoors, and the parasitic bees are feathered and put back into the pepper garden to continue parasitizing and control the number of butterflies.
The above content is excerpted from the "PepperCorn Efficient Cultivation Technology and Pest Control Atlas"
Editor-in-chief| Sun Lei, Yang Yagang
Responsible Editor| Xu Yi