Underground ccp member in the peaceful liberation of Peiping

Author: Wang Yue

Source: Party History Expo

In the battle implementation exhibition hall of the Pingjin Battle Memorial Hall, an ordinary "Philips" brand women's bicycle and an old-fashioned transmitter are displayed, and their owners are underground members of the Communist Party of China. The vicissitudes of history can be faintly seen on the mottled cultural relics, as if to tell people about the unforgettable years when their masters risked their work for the peaceful liberation of Peiping during the Liberation War.

One

Intelligence work is an important part of the party's underground work. At that time, the main intelligence work carried out in Beiping was the Urban Work Department of the Jin-Cha-Ji Central Bureau (later renamed the "North China Bureau Urban Work Department", referred to as the Urban Work Department) system and the Cpc Central Committee Social Department system, as well as other systems sent from the Liberated Areas. In the establishment of this underground work network, there is one person who is indispensable, and he is Liu Ren.

In June 1941, Liu Ren began to take charge of the urban work committee of the Jin-Cha-Ji Branch of the Communist Party of China, leading the underground work of cities in the enemy-occupied areas of North China, code-named "Old Man". In fact, the "old man" in the mouth of this comrade is not old at all, and he is only 32 years old at the time. During the Liberation War, any disturbances made by the Kuomintang troops stationed in Pingjin were fully exposed to the Communists. At that time, in order to cooperate with the Platon Army in liberating Pingjin, Liu Ren, director of the City Work Department of the North China Bureau of the CPC, in accordance with the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the North China Bureau, carefully deployed the underground party to make two-handed preparations: On the one hand, based on fighting, mobilizing and organizing the masses, and carrying out various forms of struggle to protect factories and schools, and paying special attention to winning over some Kuomintang troops to do a good job in responding internally when the PLA launched a general offensive; on the other hand, in order to protect the cultural relics and monuments in Peiping and reduce the loss of people's lives and property, special efforts were made to do Fu Zuoyi's work and strive for a peaceful settlement.

Therefore, the City Work Department of the North China Bureau of the CPC instructed the Beiping underground party to approach "people who can talk to Fu Zuoyi" in order to influence and promote a peaceful uprising by Fu Zuoyi, commander-in-chief of the "Suppression General" in North China. As early as the spring of 1948, Liu Ren instructed the Beiping underground party to boldly use the various connections that could carry out work on Fu Zuoyi, especially through Fu Zuoyi's cronies and relatives, to work directly with Fu Zuoyi. After the People's Liberation Army quickly completed the division and encirclement of Pingjin, especially after the New Security Campaign completely annihilated fu bu's 35th Army, the Beiping Nationalist army fell into a dilemma. The Beiping underground party seized the opportunity to use some upper-level relations to do its work. Cui Yueli, then secretary general of the Peking Student Work Committee, was in charge of the united front work of the upper-level senior intellectuals. In order to plot against Fu Zuoyi, Liu Ren assigned Cui Yueli to contact "people who can talk to Fu Zuoyi" as soon as possible. Soon, Cui Yueli identified three main characters: Fu Zuoyi's mentor, Gao Zan (lieutenant general and general counselor) Liu Houtong, Fu Zuoyi's daughter and underground party member Fu Dongju, and Fu Zuoyi's deputy, Jieyi brother, and deputy commander-in-chief Deng Baoshan.

This year, Cui Yueli's working state was to go out early in the morning, ride a "Philips" brand women's bicycle around, and go home in dark. At this time, because Cui Yueli's membership as a communist had changed from secret to semi-public, he was in the open and surrounded by danger, and the Kuomintang plainclothes had already targeted Cui Yueli, and the secret service organization confessed that once he was captured, he would be escorted to Nanjing.

Liu Ren constantly reminded Cui Yueli to "heighten vigilance," "absolute secrecy," and "strictly abide by organizational discipline." Cui Yueli made the worst plan - to dedicate himself at any time. He cleaned up Marxist-Leninist writings, progressive publications, and burned pieces of paper with telephone numbers written on them. Fortunately, the alert Cui Yueli escaped from danger many times.

Two

One day in the autumn of 1948, Cui Yueli met with Liu Houtong, 66. Cui Yueli's public identity is "Dr. Li" of Tongren Hospital. After meeting with the young talent "Dr. Li", Liu Houtong, who is deeply educated and well-informed, feels that they hate each other late, although the difference between the two is nearly 40 years old, he still has a friendship with Cui Yueli. Soon, Liu Houtong gave Cui Yueli a family portrait to show his appreciation and acceptance. Liu Hou met with "Dr. Li" twice a week. In view of the rampant activities of the Kuomintang agents at that time, hunting and killing dissidents every hour of the day, Liu Houtong, who was meticulous, said: "If I don't see you for a week, I think you have been arrested by the secret agents, and I will ask Mr. Fu to send someone to the prison to save you." Once, cui Yueli broke his contract because of an urgent matter, and Liu Houtong really asked Fu Zuoyi to send someone to various prisons to inquire whether there was any "Dr. Li" from Tongren Hospital. After Cui Yueli learned of this, he lamented that Liu Houtong was "friendly to the Communist Party and also faithful." Liu Houtong lived up to Cui Yueli's high hopes, and advised Fu to make a decision on peace talks early. On November 29, the People's Liberation Army besieged Zhangjiakou, and the battle completely shattered Fu Zuoyi's dream of dividing one side. Liu Houtong told Cui Yueli that Fu Zuoyi had studied Mao Zedong's "On Coalition Government" and wanted to form a coalition government with the Communist Party. Soon, Mao Zedong telephoned the leaders of the Pingjin front about the idea: negotiations with Fu must be based on the principle that they lay down their arms, and under this principle Fu should be treated leniently.

In mid-January 1949, the People's Liberation Army conquered Tianjin in one fell swoop, and Fu's main force was basically lost. At this time, Fu Zuoyi wanted to fight without strength, and there was no way out if he wanted to escape, and the reality was clear, and there was only one way to negotiate peace. Cui Yueli asked Liu Houtong to persuade Fu Zuoyi to abandon his illusions and not to miss the opportunity to negotiate peace. At this time, although Fu Zuoyi was interested in peace talks, he was worried that his way out was unknown. Cui Yueli asked Liu Houtong to relay to Fu Zuoyi: "As long as the Communist Party peacefully takes over Peiping, the Communist Party will not treat the people's meritorious heroes badly." ”

Cui Yueli and Liu Hou met twice a week, but Fu Dongju met every morning. At the critical moment of the development of the situation in Pingjin, because Fu Dongju was an underground party member, Cui Yueli directly assigned her tasks, that is, to understand Fu Zuoyi's psychological activities and observe the subtle changes in his emotions; and to study how to do Fu Zuoyi's work.

Fu Dongju, a reporter for the Ta Kung Pao, became a "big lady" who lived deep in the general's mansion and accompanied Fu Zuoyi, who was surrounded by the embattled Fu Zuoyi. This made Fu Zuoyi feel great comfort. At this time, Fu Zuoyi could only confide in his daughter. Therefore, Fu Dongju waited for an opportunity to tell his father about reason and affection, and secretly reported to Cui Yueli the focus of his ideological contradictions and uncertain doubts, and even had suicidal thoughts, as well as the military deployment of the "Suppression General" in North China, the connection and controversy with Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing, and so on, and through Cui Yueli was transferred to the City Work Department of the North China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Pingjin Front Headquarters of the People's Liberation Army, so that the People's Liberation Army could fully annihilate 130,000 enemy defenders in Tianjin within 29 hours. By capturing live senior military and political officers such as Lieutenant General Lin Weili of the Kuomintang Sixty-second Army, Lieutenant General Liu Yunhan of the Eighty-sixth Army, Commander of the Garrison Chen Changjie, and Mayor Du Jianshi, they successfully liberated Tianjin and created what Mao Zedong called the "Tianjin Way" of settlement by force.

Cui Yueli once wrote an article describing the scene when he and Fu Dongju met: "Every time she saw me, she was full of smiles and did not hurry to tell me her father's situation as it was the day before, such as when the ideological struggle was fierce, he sighed, lost his temper, bit the matchstick, and even held the gun against his temple..."

What Cui Yueli received was intelligence, and Fu Dongju was given newspapers and pamphlets published in the Liberated Areas, and these red prints appeared on Fu Zuoyi's desk from time to time.

One day in November 1948, Fu Zuoyi went to Nanjing for a meeting, and Fu Dongju guessed that it was related to the Pingjin War. She was afraid that her father would continue to fight the civil war from Chiang Kai-shek, so she lied to her father and said, "Today I met an old classmate who wanted you to accept the peace talks." Fu Zuoyi immediately asked, "Were your classmates sent by Mao Zedong or by Nie Rongzhen?" Fu Dongju replied, "It was sent by Mao Zedong." Fu Zuoyi said after a silence, "This is a big deal, and I can only reply to you after I think about it." On November 7, Fu Zuoyi returned from Nanjing. On the 10th, he sent a telegram from Chiang Kai-shek ordering him to detain Wei Lihuang. On the 11th, Fu Dongju reported the matter to Cui Yueli.

Cui Yueli asked Fu Dongju to try to get his father to read "Letter to Kuomintang Officers and Soldiers" and "Letter to The Kuomintang Party, Government, and Military Organs" published in Shandong's "Public Bulletin" on November 8 and 9, which were captured by the People's Liberation Army. On the morning of November 17, Fu Zuoyi asked Fu Dongju, "Is your classmate a real Communist party or a fake communist?" Fu Dongju replied affirmatively: "It is the real Communist Party, sent by Mao Zedong." Fu Zuoyi asked Fu Dongju to call Mao Zedong on his behalf. The original text of the telegram reads as follows: "I have realized that in the past it was completely wrong to unify the country, revive the nation, and fight with Chiang Kai-shek as the center, and decided to hand over the about 600,000 troops and 200 aircraft under the command of Mao Zedong, in order to achieve the goal of saving the country and saving the people, and requested that Southern Han Chen be sent to Beiping to discuss peace matters." ”

Cui Yueli promptly dictated instructions from the underground party, sometimes the Pingjin Front Finger, the Central Military Commission, and even Mao Zedong, to Fu Dongju, instructing her on what to say to Fu Zuoyi and how to do ideological work in a targeted manner. This kind of political reaction in the atmosphere of father-daughter affection has produced special results. On the battlefield, such a rapid and accurate understanding of the dynamics and even emotional changes of the enemy's supreme commander is rare in the history of war. This plays an important role in the PLA's correct judgment, correct determination, and correct deployment.

Later in the peace talks, Fu Zuoyi assigned Deng Baoshan, the deputy commander-in-chief, who could be accepted by the Communist Party, to conduct peace talks. When Deng Baoshan, 54, first met 28-year-old Cui Yueli, he said: "I understand the policies of the Communist Party, I have a child who studied in Yan'an, I have met Chairman Mao, and I often listen to the northern Shaanxi radio station." Coincidentally, Cui Yueli carried the propaganda materials of the Northern Shaanxi Radio, which he gave to Deng Baoshan. During the conversation, Cui Yueli took the opportunity to persuade: "With your friendship with Mr. Fu, I hope to advise him to seize the time and talk, there is not much time at present, and strive to do something good for the people!" Deng Baoshan quickly agreed: "No one wants to be a sinner for eternity." ”

When Cui Yueli saw Deng Baoshan, the encirclement circle surrounding Beiping was greatly reduced, and the cannon rumbled. This time Deng Baoshan was anxious. He said bluntly to Cui Yueli: "Can you tell your army not to fight first, please give me a little more time and let me have a deep conversation with Mr. Fu." Cui Yueli frankly confessed: "Our army has surrounded Peiping, Mr. Fu's army can't go, and it will be too late to make up your mind." When she hurriedly said goodbye, Deng Baoshan learned that Cui Yueli wanted to walk home, so she said: "Recently, the secret service activities have been very strong, you need to be more careful, I will take you by car for a while." This unexpected move made Cui Yueli feel that Deng Baoshan was sincere about the peace talks.

Cui Yueli saw Deng Baoshan for the third time, and before they could speak, Deng smiled first: "Mr. Fu's problem was solved, and he decided to cooperate with the Communist Party." Next, Deng Offered to meet with higher-level members of the Communist Party. Cui Yueli then sent someone to take Deng to the Pingjin Front Headquarters of the People's Liberation Army. At this point, the task of the underground party has come to an end. Deng Baoshan, instigated by the underground Communist Party of China, took the lead in revolting in Inner Mongolia and played an important role in promoting the uprising led by Fu Zuoyi, and after liberation he served as chairman of the Gansu provincial government.

Three

Although these underground party members risked running to obtain intelligence, the underground work in Beiping still needed to be supported by the same important thing, that is, underground radio. Liu Ren, minister of the City Works Department, prepared to establish an underground radio station in Beiping from the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and after several years of planning, it was officially established in 1947. The underground radio station is led by Cui Yueli, secretary general of the Underground School Committee, and Li Xue is responsible for technical guidance and daily management, so the entire underground intelligence organization in Beiping is also connected to the network.

In the spring of 1948, Liu Ren called to inform him that the enemy had dispatched 10 jeeps carrying instruments every day to conduct mobile reconnaissance in Beiping City, and that radio workers should be particularly vigilant and that they should protect the radio station without eating or sleeping. Ensuring the safety of the radio station is the first priority of the underground radio station, and the translators have taken a series of measures to deal with the enemy: 1. Establish three radio stations, in case one of the stations fails or is damaged by the enemy, and other stations can continue to work. Radio stations cannot be in one place for too long and are easy to spot. When the workload is not large, the three stations take turns to operate, and the start-up time is staggered from each other. 2. The wavelength and call sign of the radio station are changed frequently. 3. The translated receipts and dispatches are all written in secret, written on paper with rice soup or noodle soup, and wiped with iodine wine, and the handwriting is displayed. 4. All radio station staff, especially telegraphers and translators, do not participate in mass activities, do not go to public places, do not go to movie theaters, do not read progressive books and periodicals, and sever all social relations. There is no horizontal relationship between the three radio stations, and the operators, translators and traffic officers do not know each other's addresses and names. 5. The contents of the incoming and outgoing telegrams, except for the translator, no one else is allowed to know, and Li Xue is no exception. In September 1948, Liu Ren instructed the underground radio station to make all preparations to cooperate with the Liberation Army in liberating Peiping. On November 29, the Battle of Pingjin began, and the situation became increasingly tense, and the workload of underground radio stations increased day by day. Subsequently, the People's Liberation Army completed the encirclement of Peiping and cut off the Pingjin communication line. In this case, the telegraph becomes the main means of communication. Translators Fang Ting, Ai Shan, and others exchanged telegrams with traffic officers in different alleys twice a day. Almost every day, the radio sent out information on the movement of the enemy's troops, the number and destination of military trains, and other relevant information, and the contact with the radio stations in the Liberated Areas increased to three times a day: 8 a.m., 8 p.m., and 2 p.m. The translator Fang Ting had to work every night, and when he was done, he hid the four-corner number dictionary and the garbled code table in the gap under the back of the sofa. In order to alleviate the ticking sound of sending and receiving reports, the translator Ai Shan put the machine on the bed, put a quilt underneath, and sat on a small bench to send and receive reports. When she was done, she hid the transceiver again. Liu Ren asked the radio to play a role at a critical moment, so the two or three months before the liberation of Peiping were the most intense periods for underground radio work.

In order to cooperate with the Platon Army in preparing for the siege, the underground party accepted a task to conduct a detailed investigation of the location, height, and thickness of the city gates and walls in Peiping, and then send the data to the liberated areas. Under the heavy encirclement of the People's Liberation Army, the beiping defenders tried to leave an escape route. In January 1949, the Kuomintang army urgently built a temporary airfield in Dongdan Square and prepared to escape. The PLA did not correct the reconnaissance plane where the shells landed, and after several shelling attacks, the shells were deflected. Underground party members observed the scene and recorded the specific landing point of each shell, which Fang Ting translated into a telegram and reported to the Liberated Area. The artillery gradually corrected the ballistic trajectory, and the more accurate the hit, the more accurate it was, and finally bombarded the short-lived airfield.

During the Beiping peace talks, Fu Dongju made timely reports on Fu Zuoyi's dynamics and emotional changes during the peace talks, ranging from wandering and watching, how he could not sleep well, how he paced anxiously in the house, and even hurriedly put a matchstick in his mouth and bite, and these were all transmitted by telegram. In the process of the peaceful liberation of Peiping, the underground radio station fulfilled the tasks assigned by the party and contributed to the peaceful liberation of Peiping.

On January 7 and 16, 1949, Fu Zuoyi twice sent representatives to negotiate with the leaders of the Pingjin front of the People's Liberation Army. On January 21, Fu Zuoyi announced his acceptance of the Communist Party's condition for the peaceful liberation of Peiping—laying down its arms and accepting the agreement to peacefully liberate Peiping. On January 31, the People's Liberation Army entered Peiping, and Peiping was peacefully liberated. This well-known cultural ancient city at home and abroad returned to the hands of the people intact, creating the famous "Beiping Way" and becoming an example of the peaceful liberation of Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xinjiang. The underground members of the CCP have written a glorious page for this great victory. When summing up the victory in the Pingjin Campaign, Liu Yalou, commander-in-chief of the Tianjin Frontline Command in the Pingjin Campaign, specifically mentioned the role of the underground party and praised "the underground party has done a lot of work, without them, we would not have won such a big victory so quickly."