On April 1, 1950, the 16th Division of the 6th Army of the People's Liberation Army was ordered to enter Xinjiang to suppress bandits, and Deputy Division Commander Luo Shaowei led the leading troops to the vicinity of Hami. Because of the eagerness to suppress the bandits, while the troops were resting in camp, he personally led the guards to drive a jeep and four trucks to the front line to inspect the terrain. The jeep drove faster on the way, leaving the four trucks far behind.
The jeep rushed all the way into the bandit area, but several officers and soldiers on the carriage were unfamiliar with life and did not realize that danger was approaching. The jeep slowed down as it drove up a hill, and had just climbed 20 meters from the top of the hill to find several black shadows in front of it with guns.
Luo Shaowei realized that the situation was not good and was preparing to pull out his pistol and jump out of the car. But the other side fired first, and they strafed the jeep from several directions, and the car lost control and rolled into the deep ditch on the left. Luo Shaowei was killed in the battle, and several others were wounded to varying degrees, and immediately returned fire on the bandits.
The guard company that followed the rear was very worried about the safety of the deputy division commander after hearing the gunshots, and the driver stepped on the accelerator to the end and was eager to fly to the scene immediately. However, when they arrived at the scene, they found that the deputy division commander had been killed. The bandits brutally killed several other fighters, snatched guns and documents from the car, and fled.
Martyr Luo Shaowei
Wang Zhen, acting commander of the Xinjiang Military Region, was furious after hearing the news and demanded that the situation be ascertained and reported to the central authorities. Chairman Mao was extremely upset after receiving Premier Zhou's reporting call, and he could not speak for half a moment, but only let out a long sigh. In Yan'an, Luo Shaowei was a young cadre whom Chairman Mao greatly admired. He sent a telegram of condolences to Luo Shaowei's unit.
Afterwards, it was found that it was the Usman bandits who killed Luo Shaowei, and the leader was Usman's son. After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, Wang Zhen sent letters to Wusi Manbu several times to explain the CCP's ethnic policy and gave extremely relaxed conditions, hoping that it would abandon the dark and turn to the light.
However, Usman first rebelled against yin and yang, then carried out an open rebellion, and even instigated some officers and men of the former Majia Army's Cavalry Division to carry out armed rebellion. He arrogantly declared that he would capture Ha's close internal and external ties, and then capture Dihua (Urumqi).
How did Usman develop into a bandit who dominated one side? Millions of kuomintang troops have been wiped out by our army, so why does he dare to refuse to reorganize it as a mantis? What was his final outcome?
Born into a poor herdsman family in Fuyun County, Altay, Usman was physically strong and good at riding and shooting. As an adult, he wandered out alone, was well-informed, sleek and cunning, good at making friends, and had contacts with some tribal leaders of the local ethnic minorities.
At the beginning of Sheng Shicai's rule in Xinjiang, he implemented high-pressure rule. Some local herdsmen troops launched armed insurrections, and Usman also participated in these campaigns. Because of his bravery in battle, he gradually became a small leader. However, the hardened wings of Usman did not want to send people under the fence, and led more than 40 people to set up their own portals, and from then on they began to do banditry.
Uce was so bold that he dared to rob both caravans and military supplies, and once he robbed a convoy of military supplies made up of more than 200 camels. He obtained a batch of goods and weapons, and recruited them to buy horses, and gradually developed into a local figure with a head and a face. His men often engaged in burning and looting, which made the local population miserable.
In 1942, Sheng Shicai finally eliminated the rebellious herdsmen through various means, and only the cunning Usman was able to escape and sneak to the border area of Qinghe County to occupy the mountain as king. Later, through the introduction of some Kazakh people, it established contacts with Outer Mongolia, obtained weapons and material support, and gradually developed and grew.
Sheng Shicai repeatedly sent troops to clear and suppress without success, but was annihilated by the Usmanbu to annihilate a regiment, which made the usman famous among the clan.
Bandit stills
Because Sheng Shicai imposed heavy taxes and miscellaneous taxes in Xinjiang, he later launched a "horse donation campaign", requiring local herders to donate 10,000 horses, and those who could not donate horses had to pay currency at a price half of the market price. This led to an uprising against Kuomintang rule in the Ili region, and Usman responded positively and became the chairman of the "Qinghe Provisional Revolutionary Government".
Later, the revolutionary army liberated the whole area of Ashan, when the Usmanbu was the strongest, and was appointed as the commissioner of the Ashan Administrative Office by the revolutionary government of the three districts (Ili, Tacheng, and Ashan). Usman's participation in the riot was only to protect himself with external forces, and he did not want to be restrained in any way, and he was always yin and yang against the revolutionary government of the three districts.
In March 1946, the three district governments sent a deputy commissioner from studying in the Soviet Union to Usman, and the friction between the two sides increased day by day, and the contradictions intensified. Soon, Usman publicly withdrew from the three-district political system and led his troops to withdraw to his hometown of Fuyun County.
At this time, Sheng Shicai had been coerced by Lao Jiang to serve in the central government of the Nationalist Government, and The reason for Usman's resistance to Sheng Shicai's rule had been lost. Moreover, after Wu Zhongxin took charge of Xinjiang, he released some Kazakh leaders imprisoned during the Sheng Shicai period and arranged for them to serve in the government.
Originally from a poor background, Usman's family status was very low from a feudal point of view, and the herders followed him to fight and kill because the tribal leaders were all imprisoned by Sheng Shi. Now that the head people have been freed, Usman's appeal has dropped dramatically. At this time, Wu Siman can be described as internal and external difficulties, Wu Zhongxin threw out an olive branch at an appropriate time, and the two sides hit it off immediately.
Song Xilian, who served as chief of staff of the NorthwestErn Xingyuan, was extremely hostile to the revolutionary government of the three regions, but the Xinjiang authorities were afraid of causing disputes with the Soviet Union and other countries, so they could only secretly make small moves. He supported a number of weapons in Usman and sent radio and military personnel to help him train his troops in an attempt to use them as a means of containing the national army of the three regions.
These actions caused dissatisfaction among the Nationalist forces of the three districts, and two cavalry regiments were sent to encircle and suppress the Usmanbu. Usman was defeated and retreated to the Qitai area. At this time, the Kuomintang was already in decline and could not take care of itself. Usman gathered several thousand of his men and secretly contacted the U.S. Embassy in Dihua.
At the end of September 1949, the Xinjiang authorities declared an uprising, and the People's Liberation Army marched into Xinjiang. At this time, Usman secretly searched for scattered soldiers to observe the situation. After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, U.S. Vice Consul in Dihua Mark Nan quietly fled with several people and found Wusi Manbu. He told Usman: "World War III is about to break out, they are staying in Xinjiang for a short time, you should now gather strength and wait for the opportunity." ”
Maknan gave Us a sum of money and promised to help him evacuate to a neighboring country if necessary, and then fled to the neighboring country on the grounds of communication. At this time, the old Chiang Kai-shek was not willing to fail and gave Wusman the title of "Commander-in-Chief of Xinjiang Garrison" and other empty titles, asking him to open up a "guerrilla battlefield" in Xinjiang.
In order to maintain stability in ethnic minority areas, unnecessary sacrifices should be reduced. After Wang Zhen entered Xinjiang, he also arranged for people to contact the Wusi Manbu on many occasions to explain our party's ethnic policy to him and persuade him to abandon his hatred with the three district governments. He also said that he would arrange for him to participate in the work of the government regardless of his previous suspicions, showing great sincerity.
The People's Liberation Army was welcomed into Dihua
Usman's heart rejected this, he himself was a bandit, and in ordinary times he enslaved the herdsmen with feudal despotism, which was essentially contradictory to the democratic government in which the people were the masters of their own affairs. He was laid-back, did not want to be bound, and could not accept serious leadership.
Using thousands of bandits on his hands to confront the People's Liberation Army is tantamount to using a mantis arm as a car, and the cunning Usman will not know, but why is he still stubborn?
On the one hand, the local herdsmen do not understand the People's Liberation Army and are deceived and coerced by Usman, who has considerable appeal and living space in the local area. On the other hand, Xinjiang's vast and sparsely populated area, unpredictable climate change, and complex terrain are not conducive to the mobility of large corps and easy to guerrilla, and Wu Si is confident that it can resist the encirclement and suppression of the People's Liberation Army. In the end, it was the Americans and Lao Jiang who poured him ecstasy soup and made him misjudge the situation.
Therefore, While Facing Wang Zhen and Wei Snake, Wu Si man continued to expand his strength, reaching more than 6,000 people. As the People's Liberation Army continued to enter Xinjiang, Usman also stepped up preparations for rebellion.
Usman first instigated the rebellion of the 7th Cavalry Division stationed in Qitai, which was the ace cavalry division of the former Majia Army. After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, the division commander fled, the unit was reorganized by the People's Liberation Army, and political education was being carried out. However, a small number of officers could not accept the serious life of the Plaster and secretly colluded with Usman to launch a rebellion.
Usman then ordered his daughter Iriel to lead more than 700 horsemen to besiege Iwu, intending to seize weapons and equipment. Don't look at Elliel as a woman, more courageous than a man in battle. Yiwu was once a base for storing military supplies for the Nationalist army, storing a large number of guns and ammunition, and a company of 141 officers and men led by Hu Qingshan, deputy battalion commander of the 1st Battalion of the 46th Regiment of the 6th Army, entered the city as an advance unit.
The bandits suddenly launched an attack, cutting off the telephone line and seizing the surrounding heights. At this time, the main force of our army was divided into two routes on the way to suppress the bandits, far away from Yiwu, and could not dispatch large troops to reinforce. The soldiers in the city bravely resisted for 40 days in the absence of reinforcements and supplies, until the reinforcements arrived and defeated the bandits in one fell swoop.
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) has done its utmost to help Usman, but it remains stubborn. The Central Committee issued a telegram to the Northwest Military Region: "The Usman bandits have a relationship with the United States and should be resolutely eliminated." Subsequently, the Xinjiang Military Region set up a command center for suppressing bandits, with Wang Zhen personally serving as the commander-in-chief, and the military region invested 25,000 troops in various arms.
On April 1, 1950, the bandit troops divided into east and west roads to advance towards The Red Willow Gorge, the old nest of Wusman. Located in the northeast of the Bari Kun steppe, it is sandwiched by two high mountains and a stream, forming a natural pasture. But it is surrounded by a vast desert that forms a natural barrier. Usman vainly tried to use this as a base to use guerrilla tactics to negotiate with the People's Liberation Army in the desert.
In fact, in terms of combat effectiveness, there is no suspense in suppressing bandits, and the biggest threat to the PLA is the climate and terrain of Xinjiang. More than 1,500 people in the Western Route Army, led by Jiang Yukun, deputy political commissar of the 16th Division, were all Han fighters who had just entered Xinjiang and knew nothing about the local area.
At dusk on April 13, they had pursued into the desert and were preparing to camp when the reconnaissance company spotted the bandits. The fighters immediately pursued, but the bandits scattered like the wind when they saw the People's Liberation Army coming, and after a while they disappeared.
Pursue bandits in the desert
The warriors were tired and sweaty, and soon lay down to rest. The next day, Jiang Yukun woke up shocked, covered with a layer of white snow, and his body was frozen and unable to move. The final inventory found that many of the fighters were frostbitten at night, and the troops greatly slowed down the pursuit.
In the end, the Eastern Route Army invaded Usman's lair, but the cunning Usman had already fled. In the Battle of Hongliu Gorge, only more than 100 bandits were annihilated and 31 people were captured. However, more than 30,000 heads of livestock were captured, most of which were looted by the Usmanbu. The PLA returned it to the local herders and received great welcome.
On 10 May, our reconnaissance planes found the remnants of Usman in the area around the head of Montenegro. In order to prevent the bandits from escaping, Wang Zhen personally ordered the dispatch of 41 armored vehicles, 120 vehicles, 32 cannons, and two regiments of infantry and cavalry to surround and suppress the enemy. A round of artillery fire by the People's Liberation Army beat the bandits to flee in all directions.
The cunning Usman escaped again and sneaked to the North Tower district to join his daughter, gathering more than 1,000 people. My bandit troops pursued them to The North Tower Mountain, and Usman abandoned all his weights and fled into the Orangutan Gorge. The bandit troops pursued them closely, and after the fierce battle, Wu Siman fled into Gansu and finally settled in the Haizi area.
However, the stubborn bandit did not admit his fate, and used rumors and deception and threats to encircle several local tribes and gather more than 2,000 people.
At the beginning of 1951, in order to completely eliminate the Wusman bandit gang, the Northwest Military Region established the "Gansu, Xin, and Qing provinces capital suppression command post." Four cavalry regiments, one camel regiment, five infantry companies, and seven armored vehicles were dispatched to besiege the bandits' lair in three ways.
At 4 p.m. on February 17, the warriors set off against the yellow sand rolled up by the fierce wind and traveled more than 400 miles in one day and two nights. Arrived in the Haizi area at dawn on the 19th, when the bandits were hiding in tents and sleeping. It took the PLA fighters little effort to take out more than 200 yurts, but they did not find Usman until noon.
After several commanders analyzed the direction in which they might escape, the regimental commander Li Wenpeng chased out a few kilometers with two companies and caught a guard who had escaped with Wusman, and after education he confided: "The one riding a white horse in front is Wusman." Li Wenpeng ordered: "Wu Si man is in front, try to catch the live, and must not let him run again." ”
Platon soldier
At the sound of an order, all the warriors lightly packed and chased in the direction of Usman's escape. The people around Usman ran less and less, and finally he was left alone, but his horse was familiar with the terrain and always kept a distance from the bandit troops. Several of the fighters managed to catch up, but they were all shot and injured by him and fell to the ground.
Seeing that Wu Si man was about to escape, the cultural instructor Kong Qingyun ventured from the frozen water surface in a hurry, took a straight line to pursue, and finally caught up with Wu Si Man. Wu Si man saw that only one person was chasing after him, and while running away, he fired a shot that pierced the leather pants worn by Kong Qingyun, but fortunately he was not injured.
After Kong Qingyun approached, Wu Siman was anxious to poke at him with the tip of his gun. Kong Qingyun instinctively turned his head to dodge, but he was still poked in the face, and he endured severe pain and grabbed the barrel of the gun deadly.
Wu Si man threw Kong Qingyun to the ground with great force, and when Kong Qingyun fell, he snatched the gun with force. Enraged, Wu Si man jumped off his horse and threw Kong Qingyun to the ground, riding on him, ready to draw a dagger from his boot barrel. Kong Qingyun was crushed and unable to move, but his eyes quickly grabbed Wu Siman's right index and middle fingers and folded them backwards.
At the critical juncture when the two were holding each other, Liu Hualin, the cook, caught up. Liu Hualin also chased from the ice, but the war horse fell, and he rode the horse of his wounded comrade in spite of the pain to continue the pursuit. Liu Hualin picked up Wu Siman's fork gun and stabbed him in the back. Wu Siman screamed and fainted, and Liu Hualin tied him up with Kong Qingyun.
Usman was captured
Usman was taken back to Dihua and shot after a public trial on April 29, 1951.
Usman's death was deserved. The PLA's policy is very lenient, and even Wang Zhen personally wrote a letter to persuade him, which can be described as sincere. However, Usman failed to recognize the situation, insisted on standing against the people, colluded with foreign reactionary forces, and tried in vain to continue to be his own emperor and trample on the people at the bottom. Such reactionary forces are destined to be eliminated.