September 17,
Shenzhou XII return capsule successfully landed,
Nie Haisheng, Yang Hongbo and Liu Boming, three astronauts,
Successfully experienced three months of extraterrestrial life in the Tianhe space station,
But behind the three of them being so relaxed and comfortable,
In fact, it is the hard work of the first generation of astronauts,
He was the first Chinese------- Yang Liwei to enter space.
But the world only knows its success in traveling to and from space,
But I don't know in less than that day,
Yang Liwei suffered two life dangers,
Even he himself once thought he was about to die.
In this issue,
Let's walk into Yang Liwei's growth path,
See how much cost and determination lies behind this.
Loading into spaceflight has been a distant thing for our country for a long time.
Because as early as 1961, the Soviet cosmonaut Gagarin entered space,
The United States and the Soviet Union have launched more than 160 and more than 140 spacecraft, respectively.
And China at that time did not have a single one,
And it was not until 2003 that China achieved the first manned spaceflight.
A lot of people think it's a little too late.
But I'm going to tell you that this is not only not too late, but even a lot faster.
In fact, as early as April 1971,
Mr. Qian Xuesen proposed the earliest manned spaceflight program.
That is, the later 714 project,
At that time, Mr. Qian Xuesen suggested that the pre-research of the spacecraft could be carried out first.
Even the name has been set as Dawn One,
But because the technology and conditions at that time were too backward,
The plan was put on hold for the time being.
Later, between 1987 and 1992,
China has restarted the manned space program and named it Project 921,
Since then, it has unveiled the curtain on China's manned spaceflight.
And since it's manned spaceflight,
Nature needs people to achieve,
So the selection of astronauts also began,
So here's the problem.
How do you become an astronaut?
First of all, astronauts around the world are basically pilots.
There are few exceptions,
And in our country the requirements are more stringent,
Our country's request at that time was,
Astronauts must be selected from among fighter pilots.
and the length of the individual flight must exceed six hundred hours,
Age 25-35 years old,
Height in 1.60-1.72 meters,
Weight in 55-70 kg.
I believe that you are familiar with the selection of pilots,
Pilots in our country are already among the elites of the best in the world.
But in the selection of astronauts, there is also a selection,
Its requirements are so harsh that they are not qualified for sleeping and snoring,
Tooth decay is not qualified,
Even picky eaters are not qualified.
And after such an operation,
On average, only one in a thousand qualified pilots will pass the primary.
In addition to the astronauts who were selected,
Their families also need to undergo a meticulous medical examination,
If their relatives are detected to have a disease that may be inherited,
Then the astronaut will also be abandoned.
Therefore, just from the primary election, you can see how difficult it is to become an astronaut.
But although the selection looks like picking bones in an egg,
But it's an essential part.
Because it's not just about the success of the spaceflight.
It is also a measure to protect the lives of astronauts,
This point will be shown one by one in Yang Liwei in the future,
And in the end, out of 1500 excellent pilots,
Only more than 800 people entered the primary election,
The elimination rate is close to half.
And after passing the primary election, it is only the first step,
In the five years since,
These more than 800 people will conduct various trainings and assessments every day.
Among them, the most representative are the following,
The first is the improvement of the level of knowledge,
The preliminary candidates will take more than a dozen courses, including physics, mathematical system control,
A total of 1600 lessons.
In addition, they also have to do physical exercise and environmental adaptation training every day.
There are two of the most representative of these,
The first is anti-overload training,
Stacked Arhats have been played by many people,
Overload is actually equivalent to stacking arhats.
It's just that when stacking arhats, most of the pressure is borne by your body,
And in the overload state, for every additional G of overload,
It's the equivalent of having to put up a pressure on your own weight in every part of your body.
The picture you see now is of an untrained ordinary person experiencing overload,
We can clearly see that he is only twice overloaded,
There is a situation of difficulty in speaking,
And as the overload rises fourfold,
He already had a situation similar to "big panting".
It's actually he's trying to use his muscles and breathe,
Squeeze your own blood from the lower body to the upper body,
But not yet wait until the overload reaches 4g,
He was already unconscious.
And in astronauts,
They need to adapt to overloads of around 5-6g for a long time,
In extreme cases, overload can even reach 8g,
And now the human limit is to withstand 12g overload,
Without kidding,
Ordinary people go up and don't say fly into space,
By the time the rocket was ascending, it had already bled to death.
Compared with this, the second type of training is much "milder",
It's the return capsule closed training.
The content of this training,
It is to fix the astronaut in the return capsule,
Then close the return capsule,
All you have to do after that is to wait 24 hours.
During this period, the cabin personnel are required to maintain a good physical and mental state at all times,
Let's see if you think it's pretty simple,
But the reality is much harsher than that,
First of all, the astronaut should be firmly fixed to the bulkhead,
It looks like sticking people against a wall.
After doing this,
The return capsule will be placed in the envisioned environment,
For example, desert oceans and so on.
Take the marine environment, for example,
The temperature in the cabin has been maintained at about 35 degrees,
The humidity is also 100,
It can be said that it is no different from a steamer.
And tell you to stay motionless in this situation for 24 hours,
How many people do you think can do it?
But this kind of training is carried out every day for the selection team.
Finally, after five years of training,
Of the more than 800 selectors,
Only 14 people passed the selection,
Became the first Chinese astronauts.
And Yang Liwei is the first place in the comprehensive results,
He became China's first astronaut.
I believe that you have more or less seen the relevant reports,
But neither of them reported two things.
And these two things are the crises that almost killed Yang Liwei.
The first thing happened when the rocket took off
Yang Liwei has a detailed description of this in his autobiography,
October 15, 2003 at 9:00 a.m.,
With a roaring Shenzhou No. 5 rocket slowly lifted off,
But yang Liwei inside it is not comfortable,
At first he felt that the rocket was flying smoothly.
But gradually he found that he was not only suffering from the overload of 6g,
The internal organs in the body also began to resonate with the rocket,
It's like someone is constantly stirring your guts.
In Yang Liwei's own words, it seems that all the internal organs are going to be broken,
And what's even more serious is that this situation has never been thought of.
Therefore, Yang Liwei had a premonition that he might have to sacrifice.
At the same time, the ground command center also discovered this situation,
They found Yang Liwei with his eyes closed and motionless,
His face was also purple,
Everybody couldn't help but stand up,
The hall is silent,
It seems that the worst results have been produced.
However, as the rocket fairing was thrown away,
The dazzling sunlight shone on Yang Liwei's face,
He blinked,
Yes he's still alive,
In an instant, the command hall erupted into thunderous applause.
Even the old experts present could not help but praise Yang Liwei's high quality.
The second crisis occurred when the return capsule entered the atmosphere.
At that time, Yang Liwei found that the return capsule was "burned" by the friction of the atmosphere.
This would have been a very normal thing.
But the scene that followed made his heart hang in his throat,
Because he found that there was a crack in the glass of the porthole on the right side,
And as the temperature outside the cabin increases, cracks increase more and more.
Everyone can see that this is a sign of glass cracking.
Know that the temperature outside the cabin was as high as 1800 degrees at that time,
If the glass is really cracked,
That would really be cremation on the spot.
Yet despite the critical situation,
Yang Liwei did not panic,
He turned his head again and looked at the porthole on the left,
It turned out that there was also a crack on it,
But Yang Liwei, who saw this scene, was relieved.
Because he knew that the same failure could not occur twice at the same time.
Behind this is his experience accumulated over many years of training,
It is also his trust in China's aerospace technology.
And it turns out he was right,
Cracked glass is actually also an insulating layer,
It is coated on the outermost layer of glass,
After absorbing heat, dry cracking will occur.
After saying these two crises,
In fact, there is a secret that is not known,
That is, the picture of Yang Liwei's warehouse is not a first-hand information,
Because at that time, because the microphone corners on the helmet were too sharp,
Coupled with the impact of the landing moment of the return capsule,
Causing Yang Liwei's mouth to be scratched,
And finally it made his face full of blood,
So someone wiped his face before leaving the warehouse,
Then there is the back exit screen.
At this point, Yang Liwei finally completed the feat of China's first flight in space,
And it is precisely because of the series of problems he encountered,
Only then did the astronauts travel to and from earth unharmed.
But he himself was damaged by this mission,
as a result, he can no longer perform manned space missions,
Despite this, he is still a hero of the Chinese people.
For he lifted off without any reference,
It's basically a bet on life.
No one knows what to expect.
He had to bear all the consequences.
So with this courage and determination,
It deserves the admiration of each of us,
But fortunately, apart from him,
Our country is still emerging such people,
And they are the real backbone of China.