Umbellifera – Pterophoridae
Eukaryotic domain
Fungal boundaries
Basidiomycetes phylum
Subphylum Umbellifera
Umbellifera
Suborder Umbellifera
Umbellifera
Wax umbrella family
Umbelliferae ( scientific name hygrophoraceae ) is a family of umbellifera under the order Basidiomycetes , and the surface of the fungal folds under the fruiting bodies of the umbellifera is waxy.
underling:
Genus Vaulted Umbrella
Genus Wet Umbrella
Wax umbrella genus
The crimson wet umbrella (scientific name: hygrocybe coccinea), commonly known as the scarlet hood, scarlet waxcap or righteous red waxy cap, is a brightly colored basidiomycete fungus belonging to the genus Wet umbrella. This fungus is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, from China and Japan in the east to the United Kingdom and the United States in the west, and there are traces of crimson wet umbrellas. This bright red mushroom grows in late summer and autumn, with a lid diameter of 0.4–1 cm and a stalk.
The Crimson Wet Umbrella was first described in 1774 by the German mycologist Jacob Christian Schäffer, and its scientific name was agaricus coccineus. In 1838, Swedish biologist Elias Magnus Fries reclassified the fungus as the genus Umbellifera. In 1871, Paul Kummer changed his scientific name to his current name. Its scientific name is derived from the Latin word "coccinea", which means "scarlet".
The lid of the Crimson Wet Umbrella is small, initially bell-shaped, but gradually flattens as we age. It is 2–5 cm (3/4–2 inches) in diameter, is scarlet in color, and has a more sticky feel. Its folds are continuous, the spacing between them is large, and it is yellowish-red. Its spores are printed white. Its stalk is 2–5 cm (3/4–2 in) high and 0.3–1 cm (1/8–1/3 in) thick, has no ring, and is red in color, while the bottom is yellow. Its flesh is yellowish red and has only a faint smell and taste. Its oval basidiospores are 7–9.5 x 4–5 microns in size.
Two species of fungi in Australia were once erroneously classified as Crimson Wet Umbrella, but have now become stand-alone varieties. The two fungi are hygrocybe miniata and hygrocybe kandora.
Crimson wet umbrellas are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere and often appear on grass. Every year from late summer to autumn, this fungus occurs in countries in the Northern Hemisphere. In the UK, this fungus usually appears in late autumn during the frost-free period. In North America, the fungus occurs in the winter in mangroves or mixed woodlands. In addition to Europe and the United States, China, Japan, India and Nepal have all recorded the appearance of this fungus.
Crimson Wet Umbrella is not poisonous, so it is a food mushroom. However, the fungus's flesh has only a faint taste and is therefore not popular.
The small red wet umbrella (scientific name: hygrocybe miniata), commonly known as vermilion waxcap, is a basidiomycete fungus belonging to the genus Wet umbrella. This fungus is a species widely distributed around the world and occurs mainly in autumn in fields, wastelands, meadows, tropical rainforests, eucalyptus forests, heather wildernesses and other places.
The little red wet umbrella was first described in 1821 by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, and its scientific name is agaricus miniatus. In 1838, Fries reclassified the fungus into the genus Wet Umbrella. Later, the German mycologist Paul Kummer changed his scientific name to his current name in 1871. The "miniata" in its scientific name is derived from the Latin word miniat, which means "painted with red lead", referring to its color. In addition, the "half" in the scientific name is also intended to be distinguished from cortinarius sanguineus.
The cap of the little red wet umbrella is 0.5–3.5 cm (0.2–1.4 in) in diameter, scarlet orange, and the edges are partially yellow striped. It is convex at first, but becomes flattened with wavy edges as we age. The central part of the dried mature fruiting body has a pronounced dander-like or scaly texture, which is also one of its characteristics. Its stalk is 3–5 cm tall and 0.3–0.4 cm thick, inverted cone-shaped, and tends to flatten. It is the same color as the cap, but sometimes it is lighter. Its bottom is white. Its folds are orange in color and are continuous or grow from the base down along the mushroom stalk. They are spaced larger and have grooves. Its flesh is orange and does not have any odor. The spores are white printed and the size of the spores is 7–9 x 4–5 microns.
The little red wet umbrella is widely distributed all over the world and is found in almost all temperate regions. Small red wet umbrellas have been recorded in Europe, North America,[3] South America, Asia and Australia. This fungus mainly appears in autumn in fields, wastelands, meadows, tropical rainforests, woods, wildernesses and other places. This fungus also often appears with the orchid of the mountain willow.
The little red wet umbrella is edible, but today mycologists do not know whether this fungus is poisonous and causes allergic reactions, so it is not recommended.
The green wet umbrella (scientific name: hygrocybe psittacina), commonly known as parrot toadstool and parrot waxcap, belongs to the genus polychrome in the family Wax umbrella family, which is widely distributed around the world. The original scientific name of the green wet umbrella was "hygrophorus psittacinus". The green wet umbrella has two subspecies: "psittacina" and "perplexa", while the subspecies "perplexa" was originally a separate species. The Green Wet Umbrella is the only fungus in California that has both a green appearance and a slimy cap and stalk. The green, wet and bright green surface layer is not formed by the presence of chlorophyll, but because fungi do not possess chlorophyll. Its green surface layer is caused by pigments.
The green wet umbrella is a small fungus with a convex or convex shape of the cap. The lid of the green wet umbrella is about 1 cm to 3 cm long, and the cap is green in color when the fungus is young, and will change to light yellow or even pink with age. The stalks of the sticky bacteria are about 2 cm to 4 cm long and 3 mm to 5 mm wide, and are columnar or cone-shaped, hollow and glabrous on the surface, and their color is green or pale yellow. The broad folds are green in color with yellow edges, while the spore prints are white. The green tip of the stem remains the same color, and even in very old specimens of the green wet umbrella, its stem tip is still green. The smell and taste of the green wet umbrella are not significant, and there are no chemical tests to distinguish the green wet umbrella for the time being. The green wet umbrella mainly grows from summer to autumn (September to November).
The green wet umbrella is easily recognizable when it is young due to its unique green appearance. However, in the older green wet umbrella, because of its variety of colors, it is easy to confuse with other fungi.
Green wet umbrellas are usually scattered in isolation on damp mud, moss or humus, and often appear under sequoia. The "psittacina" subspecies of the green wet umbrella is widely distributed in the grasslands of Western Europe, Iceland, Greenland, North and South America, South Africa and Japan, and occurs mainly in summer and autumn. In Europe, the number of green umbrellas is gradually declining, all due to the degradation of local habitats. The "perplexa" subspecies is mainly distributed in Western Europe, the Americas and Japan. This subspecies has also been recorded in Victoria. Green wet umbrellas are usually found after the grass has been cut off.
The green wet umbrella is often listed as edible in the mushroom guide. However, if an adult male eats more than 20 green wet umbrellas at a time, it will cause gastrointestinal diseases.
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