Wen | Xu Ersheng
The development of the coconut industry has always touched the hearts of the leaders of Hainan Province, but now, the development of the coconut industry has encountered a bottleneck.
Hainan coconut has more than 2,000 years of planting history, planting scattered, extensive management, resulting in most of the coconut trees in a state of lack of nutrition, low yield and low efficiency coconut garden area of about 400,000 mu, accounting for about 80% of the total area of coconut garden, the annual plant output is only about 40, the economic benefits per mu is less than 2,000 yuan, which has a great impact on the enthusiasm of farmers to plant coconuts.
Wang Fu, director of the Coconut Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, is mainly engaged in the research of plant genetic resources policy and agricultural science and technology development strategy, and when compiling and drafting the "Hainan Coconut Industry Development Plan" this year, he went deep into more than 50 enterprises to conduct research, he listed the "lesions" of the current industrial development, and provided corresponding solution strategies.
At present, the coverage rate of fine coconut seeds in Hainan Province is only 0.795%. The pests such as coconut palm leaf beetle and red palm weevil that invade Hainan are currently effectively controlled, but because Hainan is located in the northern edge of the tropics, the temperature difference between winter and spring is large, the ecology is fragile, and there is a possibility of rebound; in addition, there is a fatal yellowing disease in the surrounding countries such as the Philippines and Indonesia, and with the import of raw materials and the unrestricted entry of seedlings, it is easy to lead to coconut lethal yellowing disease similar to betel nut yellowing disease.
According to the interface Hainan understanding, coconut, betel nut, date palm and other palm plants are easy to be harmed by coconut heart leaf beetle, red palm weevil coconut weaver moth and other pests, coupled with coconut and other palm plants as the main tropical landscape tree species, frequent transportation, easy to cause the spread of diseases and insect pests. In 2002, coconut palm leaf beetle invaded Hainan Province and broke out in a large area, causing huge economic losses. Through the unremitting efforts of scientific researchers, biological and chemical prevention and control methods have been found respectively, and continuous prevention and control have been carried out to achieve the current situation of insects and no disasters.
There are still many coconut diseases and insect pests in China that have not yet appeared in neighboring countries, and the risk of new disease and pest outbreaks in the future is still very large.
Wang Fu suggested that we cultivate and accelerate the promotion of good coconut seedlings, vigorously build high-yield and high-efficiency coconut bases, deeply promote the transformation of low-yield and low-efficiency forests, actively explore efficient three-dimensional breeding models, and continuously promote the development of the under-forest economic industry; work together to plan coconut cultivation and planting areas, lay out varieties, and vigorously develop fruit-type fresh food dwarf coconuts; financial technology supports the organization of fast-breeding technology, reduces the cost of good seedlings, and accelerates the speed of development. Actively reserve pest and disease prevention and control measures, especially lethal yellowing disease prevention and control measures and technologies.
It is reported that due to the late development of fruit-type dwarf coconuts in China, the fresh food coconuts on the market now harvest immature high-variety coconuts. Coconut cultivation in Hainan Province is limited, the yield is not high, high-grade coconut fruit can only provide fresh food consumption, and very few can wait until maturity as processing raw materials.
Nearly 120 million fresh fruits are consumed in Hainan Province every year, and about 100 million are sold in Dejima. In recent years, the local high-variety coconut fresh fruit production price has increased year by year; the fruit-type golden coconut, silver coconut, and fragrant coconut fresh fruit production area price is 5-6 yuan / one, and the retail price is 8-10 yuan / piece. At present, the market demand for coconut fresh fruit is strong, and the price is rising all the way. As fresh food varieties enter the northern market, consumers' recognition of coconuts is getting higher and higher, consumer groups will expand year by year, and market demand will become more and more vigorous.
Wang Fu revealed that the existing coconut industry has no sense of variety selection, and the vast majority of planting varieties are mostly local high varieties, and there is a lack of understanding or understanding of new coconut varieties with higher economic value. The tissue culture technology that restricts large-scale breeding of coconut seedlings has not yet been broken, and the high price of new varieties of seedlings is also a reason for the low willingness of farmers to plant.
It is recommended to increase the promotion and utilization of new varieties of fruit-type coconuts, create a brand of Hainan fruit-type coconuts, let the fruit-type dwarf coconuts gradually replace high-grade coconuts as fresh food, and let high-grade coconuts return to the processing plant in the form of raw materials, that is, to solve the consumption gap in the fresh food market and make up for the lack of raw materials.
According to reports, in the next 6 years, Haijiao Group will join hands with the Coconut Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences to plant 100,000 mu of dwarf coconuts and create a whole industrial chain of the coconut industry. After half a year of hard work, more than 4,000 acres of dwarf coconuts have been planted.
According to the data, China's coconut area accounts for only 0.26% of the world's total and 0.32% of Asia's; deep processing fruits rely heavily on imports, especially 98% of the coconut raw materials used by coconut beverage companies rely on imports.
Of the 180 million mu of coconut cultivation in the world, 80% is concentrated in Asia, mainly in the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and other countries. Due to the strong processing capacity of the Philippines, Thailand and Sri Lanka, the export of coconuts is prohibited or restricted, and at present, only Vietnam and Indonesia can export raw materials, and with the development of processing industries in these countries, policies to restrict coconut exports will gradually be introduced.
The processing industrial park in Hainan Province is relatively scattered, the land in the park is expensive, and there is no supporting policy; resulting in the existing coconut enterprises being reluctant to enter the park and unable to form an industrial chain, coconut raw materials from the dock to the factory, and the products from the factory to the factory to the back and forth to increase the cost of the product.
Wang Fu said that the formation of coconut processing parks should be gradually standardized, supporting relevant preferential measures, guiding enterprises to enter the park, reducing costs, forming an industrial chain, reducing pollution emissions, and supporting enterprises to go out along the "Belt and Road" to set up factories abroad with policies and credits.
Due to the large number of processing enterprises in Hainan, the production scale is small and scattered, the products are low-end, the homogenization is heavy, and the added value of the products is low, most enterprises do not have research and development departments. Competitors outside the island are gradually growing. In addition to the current crude coconut imports only Hainan can enter the customs, but Hainan coconut processing enterprises, there are also many enterprises outside the island into the industry. In Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the Pearl River Delta, a large number of coconut juice processing enterprises have quickly seized the vast market in the mainland with an annual output value of more than 20 billion yuan by virtue of their strong transportation capacity in the inland areas, precise marketing means and good taste of products.
Wang Fu suggested that we should increase the research and development of emerging products such as health food, special medical food, and daily chemical products with coconut as raw materials, focus on supporting research and development of high-end products such as military materials and oleochemicals, catch up with advanced countries in core technologies, and improve the global competitiveness of enterprises. Focus on cultivating leading enterprises with output value of over 100 million yuan to promote industrial development.
Coconut is the symbol of Hainan, representing Hainan's characteristic culture, but the development level of the tertiary industry such as public brands, film and television culture, leisure and tourism agriculture developed around "coconut" is low, and it has not yet formed a variety of coconut formats such as smart agriculture, precision agriculture, creative agriculture, and exhibition agriculture. In terms of coconut industry research, there are few sources of information including information, research and development, consulting, management, financial services, etc., which are not enough to support the requirements of the integration of coconut three industries, and there is a big gap compared with advanced countries and regions, and it does not match the construction requirements of Hainan International Tourism Island and Hainan Free Trade Zone (Port).
Wang Fu suggested that we actively declare the important agricultural cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage of coconuts, encourage the construction of coconut culture museums, permanent sites of coconut industry forums, etc., and develop new economic models such as coconut comprehensive experience, farm customization, cultural tourism, health industry, film and television animation, etc., to promote the integration of three industries.
In addition, the "International Coconut Industry Big Data Center" was created to integrate the coconut industry supply chain and create an "International Coconut Trading Center" that integrates four major functions such as commerce and trade, warehousing and logistics, comprehensive supporting facilities, and information services. Give full play to the role of Hainan Island as an international and domestic bridge, actively promote the development of the "Internet + coconut" industry, and open up domestic and foreign consumer markets.
It is reported that there are few research institutions engaged in coconuts in China, mainly the Coconut Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan University, Zhejiang University and several other units. Although there are many scientific research and technological innovation platforms such as the Wenchang Coconut Germplasm Resources Garden of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Coconut Deep Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, the Coconut National Engineering Center, and the Coconut Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, there is a lack of operating funds to retain talents and carry out in-depth and sustained scientific and technological innovation work. It is difficult for the scientific research institutions under the ministry to enjoy the provincial talent guarantee policy, which makes it difficult to introduce outstanding high-level talents to participate in the development of coconut, betel nut and other industries.
Wang Fu suggested that a "coconut industry technology system" be built. Relying on the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan University and other scientific institutions, we will build a coconut industry technology support system with the participation of scientific research institutions and enterprises, integrate human, financial and material resources to organize key scientific and technological projects, strengthen the foundation of the coconut industry and product development and applied research, and improve innovation capabilities and technical levels.
Improve and give play to the role of the "Coconut National Engineering Center", the Coconut Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance and the Coconut Industry Association, integrate scientific and technological forces, introduce intelligence, accelerate the demonstration and promotion of scientific and technological innovation and scientific and technological achievements, promote the transfer, transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the implementation of talent policies, and attract scientific and technological talents to qiong qiong to participate in coconut scientific and technological innovation and product research and development.