Winter jujube (also known as Yanlai red, apple jujube, rock sugar jujube, Lubei winter jujube, etc.) is a high-quality late-ripening fresh food species. Vigorously develop the production of winter dates and strengthen cultivation management, and obtain higher economic, ecological and social benefits.
At present, the growth of winter jujube is in the most critical period, due to high temperature and drought, diseases and insect pests occur seriously. The main diseases are anthrax, shrinkage disease, jujube rust, etc., and the insect pests are mainly red spiders, peach small heartworms, leaf curl moths, cotton moths, etc., which need to be strengthened in management and prevention.
Winter dates, delicious and sweet, rich in vitamin c, liver protection, blood pressure reduction
The disease mainly harms the leaves, and the fruit will also occur in severe cases, and the pale green dots that are scattered or raised on the back of the initial affected leaves gradually become light gray-brown, and grow more on both sides of the main vein, leaf tips and leaf bases. In severe cases, the leaf epidermis turns yellow and falls off, which not only affects the yield of the current year, but also affects the growth and results of the following year.
Symptoms of winter jujube rust
Agricultural control: Strengthen the cultivation management of jujube orchards and enhance tree potential. Irrigation is timely in spring when the soil is dry.
Chemical control: the use of triazolone 800 times liquid plus 20% salicon 1500 times liquid can simultaneously control red spiders; 50% carbendazim 600-800 times, Bordeaux liquid, pyrazole ether ester, methyl trophotre + pentanozolol, sprayed every 10-15 days, fungicide can be sprayed alternately. Prevent its spread from causing widespread harm.
Entering the peak period of anthrax in August, the disease is mainly harmful to the fruits of winter dates, but also to the leaves. When harming jujube fruit, pale yellow water-stained spots initially appear in the victim area of the shoulder or waist of the fruit, gradually forming irregular yellow spots, and a circular depression is produced in the middle, and the spots expand and become black, causing fruit drops, and the bitter taste of the sick fruit cannot be eaten. The damaged leaves turn yellow-green and fall off, and some are black scorched and hung on the date crane. The disease can be infected during the flowering period, but it usually does not begin until the fruit is close to ripening and harvesting.
Date anthrax
Agricultural control and rational dense planting, pay attention to fertilization and irrigation. At the beginning of the disease, the disease fruit is removed in time to prevent the spread of the disease. After the leaves are dropped, the jujube crane and the diseased zombie fruit are removed, the jujube crane is cleaned, and the leaves are burned in a concentrated manner; During the winter pruning, the dead and diseased branches are cut off and burned.
Drug control Spray Bomei 5 degree stone sulfur compound before budding. Spray 1:2:300 Bordeaux liquid in the rainy season, or 50% methyl tolbuzin wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 700 times liquid. Spray once every 7 to 10 days. Near the onset period can be combined with jujube rust prevention and control, in mid-July, late july spray 1 times the amount of Bordeaux liquid 200 times liquid; around the middle of August, 10 million units of agricultural streptomycin or 10% polyoxymycin 1000 times liquid is selected alternately, and mixed with 80% daisen manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times liquid or methylthiopramine, carbendazim, etc., once every 10 to 15 days, until the beginning and middle of September generally end the drug.
Jujube fruit disease is a bacterial disease, also known as black rot disease, tin disease, commonly known as dry waist, black waist, corset disease and so on. Jujube fruit is the main disease. It is distributed everywhere, and the occurrence is becoming more and more serious, the disease fruit rate is 10% to 50%, and the serious year reaches more than 90%, and even the harvest is cancelled. The sick fruit loses its edible value.
Jujube fruit begins to show symptoms during the white ripening period. In the early stage, water-soaked yellow-brown irregular spots appear in the middle of the fruit to the shoulder, and the fruit surface spots appear red and dull in advance; The spots continue to expand and develop deeper into the flesh. Brown spots from the outside to the inside appear in the pulp lesion area, tissue dehydration, necrosis, yellow-brown flesh has a bitter taste, and the outer peel of the lesion shrinks; In the later stage, the outer peel is dark red, the whole fruit is dull, the flesh turns from light green to reddish yellow, the fruit is heavily dehydrated, longitudinal contraction lines appear on one side, and the stalk also becomes brown or black brown. It falls off earlier than the fruit. The fruit is small, dehydrated and shrunken, the flesh is yellow, soft and spongy necrosis, bitter.
Symptoms of jujube fruit shrinkage disease
1. Agricultural control: in autumn and winter, clean up the fallen leaves, fallen fruits, hanging, scrape the bark in early spring, and burn them in a concentrated manner; Reasonable winter shearing, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and prevent closure within the crown.
2. Pharmaceutical control: spray 0.3% borax or boric acid at the flowering stage and young fruit stage. Spray Baume 3 to 5 degree stone sulfur compound before budding. From late July to early August, spray agricultural streptomycin 100 to 140 units / ml, or 50% copper (dt) succinate wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 47% Garrinon wettable powder 800 times liquid, or 10% Shigao water dispersible granules 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, 1 to 2 times continuously.
It mainly harms leaves, sucks chlorophyll particles and cell fluid, inhibits photosynthesis, and reduces nutrient accumulation. In severe cases, the leaves are yellowed, causing early leaf fall and fruit fall, which seriously affects the yield and quality, and seriously causes secondary germination and affects the yield of the next year. When the occurrence of red spiders reaches the control index, that is, the average number of monolobite eggs reaches three, the best effect of drug control is carried out.
Red Spider
Agricultural control: before the jujube tree germinates, prune the dead branches that have been damaged and the branches with few fruits are burned in a concentrated manner; after the jujube fruit is picked, clean up the weeds, bad branches and weeds around the roots inside and outside the jujube garden, bring out the jujube garden treatment, reduce the number of wintering insects; the more fertile the red spider is in the drier the place, the stronger the fertility, so you can choose to water when the winter jujube is developing, the ground remains moist, and the number of red spiders is reduced.
Physical control: peel off the old bark and bring out the jujube garden treatment when the winter jujube is about to sprout; you can also apply a whole circle of sticky shellac on the trunk, according to the degree of harm to determine the amount of application, generally 2 to 3cm, when the harm is serious, you can apply a wide coating or apply 2 to 3 rubber rings. Red spiders generally become freely edible larvae before the germination of winter dates, and the jujube trees have not yet grown young shoots that can be eaten, and can only survive in shallow weeds on the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to seize the key period before the jujube tree germinates and apply a moderate amount of sticky shellac to the trunk, and the effect is obvious after the glue is applied.
Biological control: small black ladybirds, large and small grass ridges, deep-point mite-eating ladybirds, etc. are natural enemies of red spiders, and some natural enemies can be made in the middle of the garden to attract natural enemy insects, which are used to control red spiders, but to ensure the safety of natural enemies. The flower curl and sword hair paragon mite have a wide range of activities and can control red spiders in the soil.
Chemical control: In order to prevent a large number of red spiders from being harmed, according to their harmful characteristics and distribution, it is necessary to grasp the period of spraying. In late November, spray the trees with a 5°Bé stone sulfur compound with the addition of 0. ２％～０． 3% laundry detergent to enhance the adhesion of the agent, kills overwintering eggs and overwintering insect sources on trees, and lowers the insect population base. The same agent is used multiple times, the pest may be immune, in order to avoid such a situation, try to use a different agent each time. 15% pyridine emulsion, 10.2% avidadamine emulsion, 5% avermectin emulsion, scavendomide and other products are used in rotation.
Also known as jujube armyworm, leaf-eating insect, leaf-sticking insect, jujube sickle-winged small curl moth and so on. In early August to late September occurs as the 3rd generation of larvae, some to early October fruit white ripening period to full ripening period, insect stage 30 to 35 days, in addition to harming the leaves, but also spit silk to stick the leaf fruit, nibble on the fruit or drill into the fruit to eat the flesh, stool, the affected fruit turned red and fell off early, the old mature larvae drilled into the bark cracks as a cocoon for wintering. However, in early to mid-September, before the 3rd larva pupates, a ring of grass can be bundled at the fork of the main trunk, luring the insects into the grass pupae, and in the winter, the grass will be removed and burned. Trap adults with black light during adult occurrence.
Jujube leaf curl moth
Artificial control: when the jujube tree does not grow fruit in winter, use a saw to remove the broken branches and then burn them; by painting the main trunk of the tree, the tree hole is blocked to prevent the overwintering pupae from coming out; the dead skin and coarse skin that are upturned at the branch fork and the trunk can also be artificially removed, and finally concentrated together to burn.
Physical control: When adults occur in May and June, use black light to eliminate adult insects. In early September, the tuft handle at the trunk and fork is a simple and effective way to induce the insect to pupate, and then remove the grass and burn it.
Biological control: Starting in mid-July, about 4,000 red-eyed wasps per tree relax, and according to the experience of date farmers, it is best to release eggs once each at the initial, initial and peak stages (about 4 days apart), and the parasitic rate of eggs in the field is as high as 85%.
Chemical control: natural enemies occur in large numbers before and after the flowering stage of the second generation of larvae, which can be carried out according to this characteristic, but in the selection of agents, attention should be paid to not harming natural enemies, you can choose cypermethrin 5000 ~ 10000 times liquid or with 40% oxylecon 1500 times liquid mixed with oxyleberry 1500 times liquid to mixed liquid spray, this method can achieve 95% insecticidal rate.
Referred to as "peach small", commonly known as "drill heart worm", "date maggot" and so on. The larvae moths enter the fruit as a pest, and the insect droppings remain in the fruit. Seriously affect the yield and quality of fruit. Early victim fruits appear early coloring, shedding, late damage to the jujube fruit is often retained to harvest, mixed into insect-free fruit, the proportion of insect fruit is larger, seriously affecting its commodity value and edible value.
Peach small heartworm harmful symptoms
Biological control: Peach early belly cocoon bee, Chinese tooth leg wasp is extremely easy to parasitize in heartworms. According to this characteristic, parasitic wasps are appropriately released to manage adult insects; birds are released in jujube gardens, which feed on larvae, pupae and some feathered adult insects. Agricultural control: when the larvae have not yet been unearthed, clean the weeds and other fallen leaves around the tree tray to eliminate the exposed insect cocoon; when the larvae have not shed fruit, remove the jujube fruit that is infested with peaches in time, and at the same time take the rotten fruit containing the insect out of the orchard for treatment. Before the overwintering larvae emerge, the mulch film is tightly covered on the tree disc floor to prevent the adults from flying out and producing more offspring.
Physical control: the application of peach small heartworm adult insect attractant, so that the insects are confused, can not be normal mating, this method of operation is practical and simple. The sugar and vinegar are mixed according to the proportion of 500g of vinegar, 250g of brown sugar and 5kg of water, and then poured into the waste container that can be hung on the tree, which can be beaten 1 to 2 times a year, and significantly reduce the rate of insect fruit.
Chemical control: First, use 16% Lesben dose of 2kg or 48% octylthion emulsion 500g with fine soil 15~25kg fully mixed, evenly sprinkled on the ground around the trunk, and then mixed with the soil that is, on the surface of the control. Second, at the best time of the initial incubation of the larvae, spray 20% permethrin emulsion 2,000 times liquid, safe and pollution-free, and have a violent killing effect on eggs and newly hatched larvae, that is, control the tree surface.
The above is the key points of the management of diseases and pests in winter jujube from August to September, early detection, early prevention and control, Sanguan said that farmers wish winter jujube growers to get a bumper harvest as soon as possible.