Sable Zen - the "Closed Moon" of the Four Beauties of Ancient Times

　Sable Cicada is a character in the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

　　In the Yuan Dynasty miscellaneous song "Jinyuntang SecretLy Determined Serial Scheme", it is said that she is the daughter of Ren Ang, the character Hongchang, for a village girl in Shanxi, most of her deeds in the early years appeared in the storytelling books, and finally luo Guanzhong, the author of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", sorted out and created a complete image, which is the "closed moon" of the four beauties in ancient China.

　　historicity

　　In the famous historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which combines history and folk tales, the image of the mink cicada is very popular. In the main history, there are only records of Lü Bu and Dong Zhuo's concubine's adultery, and the name of the maid is not recorded.

　　According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Lü Bu's biography mentions that "Zhuo often made Bu shou zhongge, and Bu had an affair with Zhuo's servant, fearing that he would find out about it, and his heart was not at ease"[1], and the history books did not record the name of the servant. Qing Ren Ping Buqing's opera examination certificate "XiaoQixia Says Barnyard" mentions that The Tang "Kaiyuan Zhanjing" volume 33 once mentioned: "Ying confused criminals with bearded women." Zhan Zhuyun: "Hanshu Tongzhi": "Cao Cao did not succeed in his ambition, first seduced Dong Zhuo, and entered the cicada to confuse his king." [2], The Qing Dynasty literary scholar Liang Zhangju's notebook novel "The Continuation of the Traces of the Waves" Volume VI also mentions that the "Hanshu Tongzhi" records that "Cao Cao did not succeed in his ambitions, and first seduced Dong Zhuo, and entered the cicada to confuse qijun." [3] If this record is true, then Diao Cicada actually has its own person in history, but the book "Tongzhi of the Book of Han" has long since died, and the extant Kaiyuan Zhanjing notes that there is no such article, so it is impossible to examine whether "Diao Cicada" and "Mink Cicada" are the same person, and whether "Diao Cicada" is its real name.

　　An image in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

　　In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, marten cicada is the maid of Situ Wang Yun, who later became a righteous daughter, beautiful and moving, Fang Erba (sixteen years old), deeply interested in serving the country, knowing that Wang Yun was deeply helpless to Dong Zhuo's chaotic government, so he sacrificed himself to deal with the chaotic thieves. The marten cicada gained the affection of Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu at the same time as a beauty plan, which caused a rift between the two who were supposed to be father and son, and later successfully provoked Lü Bu to cooperate with Wang Yun to assassinate Dong Zhuo. [4] [5]

　　After Lü Bu fled Chang'an, the novel's narrative of the mink cicada is unique. Only the sixteenth time when mentioning Lü Bu's wife's room, lü Bu "married the mink cicada as a concubine" and "the mink cicada did not produce any children)". On the nineteenth occasion, Lü Bu was at war with Cao Cao, Lü Bu's adviser Chen Gong persuaded Lü Bu to take light troops to personally intercept Cao Cao's army grain road, Lü Bu fox was suspicious, so he used this to ask his wife and concubine, but the mink cicada advised Lü Bu to "not go out of his own body lightly", so Lü Bu decided to stay in the isolated city and did not do anything else, day and night with his wife Yan Shi and mink cicada to drink and relieve their sorrows, morale was demoralized, the general was centrifuged, and finally Lü Bu was destroyed at the hands of Cao Cao. Since then, the mink cicada has disappeared in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

　　The battle between the Sable Cicadas

　　On April 28, 2011, Lintao County, Gansu Province, officially announced that it had successfully registered a total of 78 class trademarks of "Mink Cicada" and "Sable Cicada Hometown", and the dispute between the hometown of mink cicadas in Lintao, Shanxi, Xinzhou, Shanxi and Mizhi in Gansu province has temporarily come to an end.

　　drama

　　Folk drama extends the story of the mink cicada a little, and often mentions Guan Yu, in "Guan Gongyue Releasing the Sable Cicada", the mink cicada is released by Guan Yu, and finally does not know the end. And "Guan Gong Masked Sable Cicada" borrowed Jiang Taigong's masked and beheaded himself as a model and said that the red face was a disaster, and Guan Yu was afraid that his appearance of falling into the country would bring great chaos to the world. In the Ming opera "Guan Gong and the Mink Cicada", the mink cicada became Guan Yu's concubine.

　　The literary and opera works of the past dynasties that mention the character image of the sable cicada are divided into dynasties such as the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties according to the era of production:

　　Texts from the Song and Yuan dynasties

　　Anon: Jin Yuanben's "Thorn Dong Zhuo", Yuan Ming's miscellaneous drama "Dong Zhuo Drama Sable Cicada", "White Gate Tower Chop Lü Bu", "Capture the Sword".

　　Fragments: Song Yuan drama "Sable Cicada Girl", "Wang Yun Lianhuan Said (Memoirs)"

　　Surviving copies: Yuan Mingshi miscellaneous drama "Jinyuntang Beauty Serial Plan", "Guan Yunchang Single Knife Splitting Four Kou", Yuan Magazine "Three Kingdoms Zhiping Dialect" volume "Wang Yun uses ji to curse Dong Zhuo", "Three Kingdoms Chronicles" "Huang (Wang) Yun and his wife Sangyuan Tongle", "Lü Bu sighs heroes", "Sable Cicada Sees Lü Bu", "Cave House Flower Candle", "Guan Yu Chop Sable Cicada".

　　Texts from the Ming and Qing dynasties

　　Anon: Yuan mingjian miscellaneous drama "Guan Gongyue Under the Moon To Release the Sable Cicada", "Guan DaWang Under the Moon to Cut the Sable Cicada", Ming Miscellaneous Drama "Female Haojie" (Zhuge Wei Shui)

　　Surviving Works: The Novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (Luo Guanzhong) Volume II "Situ Wang Yun Says Sable Cicada", "Fengyi Pavilion Cloth Drama Mink Cicada", "Wang Yun Zhi Ji Jie Dong Zhuo"; bullet words "Three Kingdoms Zhi Yu Xi Biography" Vol. 2 and 3; Ming legend "Serial Record" (Wang Ji).

　　The name Sable Cicada is not found in the Annals of History. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty? There is a passage in Lü Bu's biography: "Zhuo Yibu was a lieutenant on horseback, swore an oath to be a father and son, and loved to believe in it." Taste a little frustration, Zhuo pulled out his hand and threw it, Bu Fist was spared, and Bu Yu was yin and resentful of Zhuo. Zhuo also made Bu guard the middle cabinet, and the private and the maid had an affair, which was not at ease. From this record, we can see the shadow of the mink cicada - one of Dong Zhuo's concubines, and the gap between Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu is also caused by women, and the story of "Dong Taishi's big trouble in Fengyi Pavilion" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was born from this. Here, the "servant" is only an insulted and damaged person, and there is no character to speak of. Later, through the creation of the masses of the people and many artists, this "maid" became a dazzling image of a mink cicada.

　　Some scholars also believe that the mink cicada really has its own person, and Liang Zhangju is a representative. In the Guitian Trivia, he said: "The matter of the mink cicada, hidden in the "Biography of Lü Bu", although its name is not known in the history, and its matter may not be completely false. And when it comes to "Xiao Qixia Says Barnyard", he is sure that "the cicada is solid and has its own people.".

　　The story of the heroes of the Three Kingdoms began to enter the folk behind them, and the story of the mink cicada was also relatively early. The mink cicada drama in the Miscellaneous Drama of the Yuan Dynasty has formed a series, and the stories of the mink cicada are all reproduced in the "Jinyuntang Secret Serial", "Capture the Sword", "Guan Gongyue Under the Sable Cicada" and so on. In the play "Jinyuntang", the daughter of Ren Ang of the Xinzhou people of the mink cicada, the small character Hongchang, the Spirit Emperor was elected to the palace, holding the sable cicada crown, so the name "mink cicada". Later, the emperor gave her the title of Jianyang shi ding, and Jianyang gave her to his righteous son Lü Bu. During the Yellow Turban Rebellion, the marten cicada and Lü Bu lost each other and were obtained by Wang Yun. Mink cicadas later burn incense in the garden, praying? Lü Bu, for Wang Yun to find out, so secretly discussed, made a serial record. In the history of the Song and Yuan dynasties, the marten cicada was also Lü Bu's wife, and after being separated, she was exiled to Wang Yun's mansion.

The stories of "White Gate Tower" and "Chopping Sable Cicadas" clearly see the influence of feudal backward consciousness. Lü Bu was originally to blame for Lü Bu's capture, but the play had to make the mink cicada responsible for Lü Bu's failure, and actually let her be executed after being scolded. "Guan Gongyue's Sable Cicada" writes that after Lü Bu failed, Cao Cao gave the mink cicada to Liu Bei with ulterior motives, and in order not to follow the mistakes of Dong Cao and Lü Bu, Guan Yu actually beheaded her under the moon. Even the demise of Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu is also responsible for the cicadas, and the mind is so winter! Zhou Jianyun, a close friend, wrote "On Chopping Sable Cicadas" to distinguish its facts:

　　"The sable cicada is irresponsible, and Lü Bu is not the one who can blame the mink cicada... The three surnames of the family slave, the character to go to the mink cicada far away, the mink cicada does not scold Lü Bu is enough, what words does the cloth scold the mink cicada? If you are close to the public, those who are familiar with spring and autumn are also familiar. Xizi was ordered to be in Numa Wu, and the marten cicada was ordered by Situ, and the intention was to die Zhuo and Bu father and son, the same same. Guan Gong does not blame Xi Shi, but the sable cicada under the moon? Yu dares to call Guan Gong a saint, and he will not kill the scenery for this!" It's a pain to say.

　　Since today's view, the theory of "women's misfortune to the water" is certainly disgusting in winter, and the theory of "women saving the country" is not enough to teach. Therefore, the ending of the mink cicada is also a difficult problem to deal with in artistic creation. Although Luo Guanzhong wrote the mink cicada brilliantly, after Dong Zhuo's death, he and Lü Bu "sang with the wife", and became mediocre, and she and Yan Shi were blind, dragging Lü Bu's hind legs, and judging the two of them before and after. The "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" TV series let the mink cicada quietly disappear after Dong Zhuo was cursed - "the mink cicada has gone with the breeze", what is the fate of this strange woman? Leaving it to the reader's own imagination, this may be a smarter approach. → "sinking fish" Xi Shi → "falling goose" Wang Zhaojun → "shy flower" Yang Guifei