In the eyes of many, Jia Xu was the wisest and wisest person in the Three Kingdoms period, even in Chinese history. So, how clever is Jia Xu's wisdom? You may be able to see this through the following things.
1. Save your life in a hurry
Jia Xu served in the capital in his early years, and later resigned due to illness, and returned to his hometown in Liangzhou with dozens of people, on the way, Jia Xu and his party encountered the rebellious Yu people, all of whom were captured.
At that time, the Eastern Han Dynasty lieutenant was the famous general Duan Jiao. Duan Hao had been stationed on the frontier for more than ten years, fighting with the Qiang people one hundred and eighty times, killing nearly 40,000 people, and finally pacifying the Western Qiang, destroying the Eastern Qiang, and threatening the Western Territories.
Therefore, Jia Xu was in a hurry and used Duan Hao's name to scare the people who arrested him, saying: "I am the grandson of Duan Gong (Duan Jiao), don't hurt me, my family will definitely redeem it with heavy money." ”
When the People of Qi heard that Jia Xu was Duan Hao's grandson, they did not dare to hurt him, and they swore an oath with Jia Xu to send him back, while the others who traveled with Jia Xu were all killed.
2. Resolutely leave Duan Simmer to save both himself and his family
In the second year of Xingping, Jia Xu left Li Dai and went to Huayin to join Duan Sheng, a native of the same county. Duan Simmer was very impressed with Jia Xu's wisdom and strategy, but he was afraid that Jia Xu would seize his military power, so he was polite and courteous to Jia Xu on the surface, but secretly he was wary everywhere and did not dare to trust.
Jia Xu quickly saw through Duan Xuan's careful thoughts, so he decided to go to Zhang Xiu. Before leaving, someone asked Jia Xu very puzzledly, "Duan Simmer treated you so well, why did you leave?" ”
Jia Xu said: "Here, although my treatment is generous, it cannot be relied upon. Because Duan Simmer was suspicious, he had the meaning of jealousy. If I stay here for a long time, I will definitely be killed by him. So, if I leave him, he will be very happy. In addition, he counted on me to connect with foreign aid and would be kind to my family. And Zhang Xiu lacked counselors and wanted to get me. In this way, my family and I can be saved. ”
When Jia Xu arrived at Zhang Xiu,Zhang Xiu was really overjoyed, obeyed him, and even "performed gifts to his descendants" to him. And Duan Simmer knew that Jia Xu was gone, and his doubts disappeared, and he was also very happy, and he also took great care of Jia Xu's family.
3. See the micro-knowledge and determine the victory or defeat
In the third year of Jian'an, Cao Cao marched south to Attack Zhang Xiu and besieged Zhang Xiu at Yongcheng, but after rumors that Yuan Shao was preparing to take advantage of the false attack to take Xu Capital, Cao Cao had to retreat from Huangcheng.
When Cao Cao retreated, Zhang Xiu personally led his troops in pursuit, and Jia Xu dissuaded him: "Do not pursue, chase will be defeated." But Zhang Xiu did not listen and forcibly pursued, only to be defeated by Cao Cao himself.
Zhang Xiu returned from defeat, and Jia Xu said to Zhang Xiu at this time: "Hurry up and chase again, you will definitely win." Zhang Xiuyan was very confused and said, "I didn't listen to your advice before I fell to this point, but now that I have lost, why should I chase it again?" Jia Xu said: "The situation has changed, hurry up and find out if you can make a profit." Zhang Xiu listened to Jia Xu's advice, collected scattered troops and then pursued them, and indeed destroyed the rear guard troops of the Cao Army.
After the victory, Zhang Xiu asked Jia Xu for advice on the reason, and Jia Xu said, "This truth is easy to understand. Although you are good at using soldiers, you are by no means An enemy of Cao Cao. Cao Cao's army has just withdrawn, Cao Cao must personally return to the palace, although our pursuing soldiers are fine, but the generals are not as good as them, and their soldiers are still very morale, so I know that the general you will be defeated. The reason why Cao Cao has withdrawn his troops before he has tried his best must be that something has happened in the rear, so after he defeats the general's pursuing troops, he will definitely retreat with all his strength, leaving others to break, although the generals he left behind are powerful, they are not as good as the generals, so I know that the generals can also win with defeated soldiers. ”
Zhang Xiu listened to this analysis and admired Jia Xu even more.
4. Urge Zhang Xiu to sell at a price and turn to Cao Cao
In the fourth year of Jian'an, Yuan Shao prepared to attack Cao Cao, so he sent emissaries to win Zhang Xiu over and marry Jia Xu. Zhang Xiu was ready to promise Yuan Shao, but When Zhang Xiu entertained Yuan Shao's emissaries, he unceremoniously and openly refused Yuan Shao's marriage, and said in a loud voice to the emissaries: "Please go back and thank Yuan Shao for your kindness, he and his brother Yuan Shu are incompatible, can he tolerate the hero Haojie in the world!" ”
When Zhang Xiu saw Jia Xu like this, he was shocked and afraid, and quietly said to Jia Xu: "At this point, who should we rely on?" Jia Xu then proposed three reasons why it was more advantageous to turn to Cao Cao than to Yuan Shao: First, Cao Cao honored the Son of Heaven to command the world, and his name was justified. Second, Yuan Shao was strong, and Zhang Xiu would certainly not be taken seriously if he went to him with a small number of people and horses; and Cao Cao was weak, and Zhang Xiu went to surrender, and Cao Cao must be very happy. Third, Cao Cao was a man with the ambition to dominate the world, and he would definitely abandon his previous personal grudge with Zhang Xiu in order to show his kindness to the four sides.
These three reasons of Jia Xu have both an analysis of the general trend and a precise insight into human nature, which can be described as reasonable. Therefore, Zhang Xiu finally adopted Jia Xu's advice and led his troops to surrender to Cao Cao. And Cao Cao, as Jia Xu said, did not care about the previous suspicions, not only warmly entertained Zhang Xiu, and married Zhang Xiu as a son and daughter, but also appointed Zhang Xiu as the general of Yangwu, and recommended Jia Xu to serve as the governor of Jinwu and the Marquis of Tingting.
5. Accurately judge the trend of the war
In the fifth year of Jian'an, the Battle of Guandu entered a stalemate stage, and the Cao army ran out of food, and Cao Cao was reluctant to retreat, so he asked Jia Xu for advice. Jia Xu said: "You have outperformed Yuan Shao in four aspects: shrewdness, bravery, employment, and determination, and the reason why you have not been able to win with Yuan Shaojun for half a year is that you just want to take care of everything." Seize the opportunity and you can win quickly. Cao Cao praised the good, and later seized the opportunity to sneak into Wuchao, and sure enough, he defeated Yuan Shao with less and more, and won a decisive victory in unifying the north.
Jia Xu can not only worry about winning, but also worry about defeat. Thirteen years after Jian'an, Cao Cao occupied Jingzhou and wanted to take the opportunity to go down the river to attack Eastern Wu. Jia Xu dissuaded him, saying that he should first appease the people and wait for the opportunity. Cao Cao did not comply, and as a result, he was defeated in the Battle of Chibi. After Cao Pi became emperor, he was ambitious and wanted to unify the world as soon as possible, so he asked Jia Xu: "I want to unify the world, which one should Wu and Shu consult first?" Jia Xu suggested that the country should be governed well before using force. Cao Pi did not listen, and in the fourth year of the Huang Dynasty, he sent an army to conquer Eastern Wu, but the result was also fruitless.
6. Strange plot to separate Han Sui and Ma Chao
In the sixteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao led his troops to conquer Guanxi, and Han Sui and Ma Chao joined forces with ten departments in Kansai, gathering more than 100,000 horses and horses to defend Tongguan against Cao.
Han Sui was scheming and had been operating in Kansai for many years; Ma Chao was capable of writing and martial arts, and was brave and fierce. Therefore, if Han Sui and Ma Chao could work together to resist Cao Cao, it would not be easy for Cao Cao to defeat the Kansai coalition army in a short period of time. Unfortunately, However, Han Sui and Ma Chao had a disagreement at the beginning of the war because of tactical problems.
Jia Xu was keenly aware of this and suggested that Cao Cao further alienate Han Sui's relationship with Ma Chao.
Han Sui and Cao Cao were old friends, so they asked to meet Cao Cao on the battlefield. Cao Cao accepted Jia Xu's suggestion, so he took advantage of the situation to agree, and talked with Han Sui for a long time alone in the north and south of the day before the battle (never talking about military and other serious matters), and clapped his hands and laughed when he talked about happiness. At the end of the meeting, Ma Chao and the others asked Han Sui what Cao Cao said? Han Sui said, "I didn't say anything." Ma Chao and the others did not believe it and became suspicious of Han Sui.
Later, Cao Cao wrote a letter to Han Sui, in which he deliberately circled and smeared many places, as if it was changed by Han Sui. Ma Chao and the others saw Cao Cao's letter to Han Sui and became even more suspicious of Han Sui.
Therefore, Cao Cao and Ma Chao and others agreed to a battle, beheading Cheng Yi, Li Kan, and breaking Ma Chao. And in this battle, the key to Cao Cao's clean victory was that Jia Xu made a strange plot to split the relationship between Han Sui and Ma Chao.
7. Secretly support Cao Pi
Before Cao Pi was established as the heir to the throne, Cao Zhicai was known as Fang Sheng, who was not only supported by Yang Xiu, Ding Yi and others, but also favored by Cao Cao himself. Cao Pi was very nervous and secretly sent someone to ask Jia Xu. Jia Xu said: "I hope that the general can carry forward morality, cultivate temperament, practice the responsibilities and obligations of scholars, be diligent and sincere, work tirelessly, and do not do things that violate filial piety. Cao Pi listened to Jia Xu's words, so he always secretly tempered himself.
Later, Cao Cao also privately asked Jia Xu what he thought of liai, Jia Xu did not answer, Cao Cao asked him why he did not answer, Jia Xu said: "I was thinking about Yuan Shao and Liu Biao. Cao Cao laughed and immediately understood Jia Xu's meaning, so he made Cao Pi the crown prince.
After Cao Pi became emperor of the Han Dynasty, he thanked Jia Xu for his original secret help, so he appointed Jia Xu as Cao Wei's first lieutenant and became the Marquis of Wei Shouxiang.
In short, in the history of China, Jia Xu can be regarded as the wisest strategist after Zhang Liang and Chen Ping in the early Han Dynasty. Therefore, Jia Xu was not only respected by the scholars at that time, but also the historians of later generations praised Jia Xu's wisdom. For example, Chen Shou said: "Xun You, Jia Xu, Shu Hu has no exhaustive strategy, after the change of power, its good and peaceful Ya Qi!" Bai Juyi said: "The world on wisdom and strategy belongs to Jia Shiye." Yi Zhongtian said: "Jia Xu can judge the situation in the chaotic world, he is the one who has lived the longest, and he has saved his family." This is the real great wisdom, and Jia Xu may be the smartest person in the Three Kingdoms period. ”