And it is rare and valuable for literati to sing and sing.
Chen Taoyi (1881-1946)
Chen Taoyi (1881-1946), formerly known as Gong Yao, changed his name to Jianhong, a water, a character stop zhai, a word wozi, a typo Taoyi, Tao Yi, a tianzhen Daoist, a native of Songyin Town, Jinshan County, Jiangsu Province (now part of Tinglin Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai). Chinese democratic revolutionary and politician.
In the twenty-seventh year of the Qing Dynasty (1901), Chen Tao left Xiucai in his post, after which he taught in Songyin Town. In the 3005 year of the Qing Dynasty (1905), Chen Tao entered the Rongzhai Normal School in Songjiang to study, and was expelled from the school because he and his classmates jointly opposed Yang Yin'an, the manager of the school who liked to be lascivious and gambling. He then studied law and politics at Waseda University in Japan. During the japanese period, Chen Taoyi was introduced by his compatriot Gao Tianmei, and Liu Yazi of Wujiang joined the Alliance, and was renamed "Jianhong". Soon Chen Tao was ordered to return to China, and Gao Tianmei and others founded the Chinese Public School in Shanghai, which became the secret organ of the League in Shanghai. After the establishment of Jianxing Public School, Chen Taoyi, Liu Yazi, Gao Tianmei, Zhu Shaoping and others served as lecturers at the school, actively promoting patriotism, nationalism and democratic revolution. After the League set up a secret office in Kengyo High School, he often distributed the Revolutionary Press published by the League in Tokyo, Japan. During this period, Sun Yat-sen often traveled between Japan and Nanyang, and when passing through Shanghai, Chen Taoyi, Liu Yazi, Gao Tianmei, Zhu Shaoping and others met with Sun Yat-sen many times and accepted his instructions. When Chen Taoyi taught in Songyin, he was already famous for his outstanding calligraphy. Feng Chaoran first came to Songjiang to seek a job, no relatives and no reason, people are strange, and after contact with Chen Taoyi, the two immediately became friends. Together with poets and literary friends in the Songjiang area, such as Fei Longding, Gao Chuiwan, Yang Yigong, Wang Nianci, jin Zhongbai, etc., they often attacked current politics and lamented the world's style, and Chen often traveled with Feng and Fei to local scenic spots and cultural monuments. Feng Chaoran's surrender to Chen Taoyi also lies in their revolutionary ideas. Not long after, Feng Chaoran left Songjiang for Suzhou, and Chen Taoyi soon went to Japan, and in the twenty years after the two separated, even if there was a chance to meet, the time was extremely short. Until the early 1930s, Chen Tao left himself back in Shanghai to live in seclusion and had the opportunity to meet often, which was the last word.
In the autumn of the 300th year of the Qing Dynasty (1906), Chen Taoyi went to Japan for the second time. In addition to his confidential work in the League, he also took over the weekly magazine "Minbao" and "Awakening Lion", and served as the deputy director of the assassination department. Zhang Taiyan lectured in Japan, and he was an enthusiastic listener. Zhang Taiyan renamed him "Tao Relic", which means "the remnant of the Tao Tang clan". The following year, Chen Taoyi succeeded Gao Tianmei and Zhang Zi as president of the Jiangsu branch of the Chinese League, and still served as deputy director of the assassination department. In the early summer of the same year, he was ordered to return to China with guns and explosives, plotted to assassinate Duan Fang, the governor of Liangguang, and was imprisoned in Nanjing Prison after the incident was leaked, and was rescued and released a year later. Duan Fang had been recruited by official positions, but was rejected. After his release from prison, he wrote a poem Mingzhi, which has the sentence "Death is not completed and there is death, and there is no life after survival". In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1909), Liu Yazi and others organized the Nanshe, and Chen Taoyi was the backbone of the Nanshe. In the second year of Xuan reunification (1910), he was ordered to teach in Nanyang and collect revolutionary funds for the local overseas Chinese community. In March of the following year, Huang Xing, Zhao Sheng, and others prepared to launch an uprising in Guangzhou, and Chen Tao was ordered to rush to Guangzhou, but when he passed through Hong Kong, the Huanghuagang Uprising had failed and returned without success. In October 1911, after the success of the Wuchang Uprising, Chen Tao rushed back to Shanghai from Nanyang with funds to receive Chen Qimei, the governor of the Shanghai army, who was short of funds. After that, Chen Taoyi and Ma Junwu went to Wuchang on behalf of the Shanghai army, and went to Jiangsu Province with Zhang Zi and others to advocate revolution, after which Jiangsu Province soon declared independence from the Qing government. The revolutionaries supported Chen Tao as the governor of Jiangsu and was resigned by him. After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, Chen Taoyi was elected as the vice president of the Nanjing Provisional Senate.
Provisional Presidential Elections of the Republic of China
In August of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the League was reorganized into the Kuomintang, and Chen Taoyi was elected as the head of the Jiangsu branch of the Kuomintang, and accompanied Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others to Beijing to talk with Yuan Shikai. In March of the following year, Song Jiaoren was assassinated by Yuan Shikai, and Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing immediately called on the southern provinces to oppose Yuan, and after the defeat, they went into exile. Chen Tao went home to live in seclusion, and tried to cover up the failure of the first division commander Zhang Zi and the ninth division commander Leng Suan to take refuge in Songyin. In the winter of the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), the warlord Sun Chuanfang divided Suzhou, Zhejiang, Anhui, Gansu and Fujian, claimed to be the commander-in-chief of the five provinces of the united army, and put forward the slogan of "Su people governing the Soviet Union", Chen Tao was recommended by his friend Zhang Yilin to Nanjing to become the governor of Jiangsu Province. During his term of office, he did his best to maintain local law and order; he did not easily dismiss lower-level officials, attached importance to agriculture, and cared about the treatment of borers; he cleared up the finances and repaid the debts of the provinces and counties; abolished a number of harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes to reduce the people's burdens; and also proposed to reclaim the concessions. On a certain day in the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926), Chen Taoyi learned that Sun Chuanfang had secretly ordered the Wujiang County Office to arrest Liu Yazi, that is, he sent his cronies to inform the starry night, so that Liu was spared. At the beginning of the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), he persuaded Sun Chuanfang to unite with the Northern Expeditionary Army, but it was not adopted, so he angrily hung up his crown and left.
In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), Chen Taoyi was invited by Shi Liangcai, president of the Provisional Senate of Shanghai Municipality, to serve as the secretary general of the association. In 1937, although Chen was in poor health and stayed in Shanghai, he still co-sponsored the "Shanghai Literature Exhibition" with Ye Gongqiu, chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Museum, and Liu Yazi, director of the Shanghai Tongzhi Museum. In 1938, the Kuomintang established the "National Participation In Politics Association" in Chongqing and "hired" him as a "National Political Participation Officer". He said that he was old and weak, and called back "The ancient well is not wave". In 1939, Chen Taoyi, Zhang Yuanji and Ye Jingkui initiated the fundraising of the Library. In 1940, Wang Jingwei organized a traitorous government in Nanjing, came to Shanghai beforehand, and asked him to serve as the governor of Jiangsu Province or the mayor of Shanghai Municipality. He once recalled to Ma Sulun: "Twenty-nine years (1940), Jingwei came to Shanghai and urgently wanted to visit me. Because of this, I asked Jingwei, 'Are you going to sing the double reed?' The guard wept. During this period, he did many things conducive to the anti-Japanese resistance to the best of his ability, such as covering up for the democrat Chen Shutong and receiving representatives of the CCP's underground organizations. In 1941, when the Pacific War broke out and the Japanese Kou entered the Shanghai Concession, Okamura Ningji, the leader of the Japanese army, came to the door to "ask" him to be an official and a traitor, but he was rejected in person.
Feng Chaoran's posthumous work "Song Hidden Map" for Chen Tao
Since 1933, when Chen Taoyi became the secretary general of the Provisional Senate of Shanghai Municipality, he had to alleviate the fatigue of traveling in all directions. He sometimes lived in Shanghai, sometimes returned to song and hermit hometown, and in his spare time, he was attached to poetry and painting, and he often met with Feng Chaoran. On April 9, 1936, mainland calligraphy and painting collectors held an exhibition of ancient paintings in Shanghai, which began to be exhibited in the Ningbo Hometown Association on the same day. Feng Chaoran, Chen Taoyi, Huang Binhong, Chen Shutong, Sun Xueni and other authors introduced this exhibition. Feng Chaoran was finally very happy that Chen Tao had time to cook tea and talk with him, paint and read the monument. One of his paintings for Chen Taoyi is a "Song Hidden Map", with the inscription: "On the Stone of the Pine Moon, the Rumor Dance Sleeve Lang Dang." Suitable for the eyes of the white clouds, the mountain air allows me to be crazy. Ding Ugly Yuan Night Drama Write Song Yin Tu Feng Shou, Tao Yi Wu Brother Smile Zheng. He praised Chen for not wanting to participate in politics and avoiding the dispute between right and wrong, but no matter how fickle the world is, he still does not abandon the generosity of the needle and the evils of the times. When Chen Taoyi learned that the disciples of Songshan Caotang had photocopied the "Painting Collection of Mr. Feng Dijie" for the teacher, he immediately inscribed it. Words such as: "... After fifty years, he called himself prudent and obeyed the precepts of proclaiming the holy precepts. Do not show off with art, art begins to enter the Tao, and the cultivation of the king can be known from it. This autumn, for the sixty days of the Jun, and the sons of the gate refused to be called Shou shou by Junjian, and the king was set as a scene, and the seal was taken as a record. Nian Qingshan is not old, the bottom of the wrist is always cold, and the cover is protected by pine cypress in the same spring. The appreciation of Feng Chaoran's character and stage name is overflowing with words. Chen Taoyi also greatly admired Sun Qionghua, a talented daughter of Feng Chaoran's men, who was of excellent character, and he and Wang Tongyu and Ye Gongqi jointly launched sun Qionghua's solo exhibition of Revelation Cloud in the "Declaration" of the Republic of China on May 6: "Lady Qionghua is the wife of Zu Jiang, the granddaughter of Qingpu Shengjun Zujiang, so xiaolian Zhuji and Mr. Sun's kind daughter-in-law, ask the daughter and nephew of Qing Taishigong. Young inherit family learning, poetry leisure time, ya good swing Han. Mr. Gentleman's order, the old friend of the teacher Feng Zi polyester, the painting art Yijin, the Qing Jian Cang Xiu, not for Fan Yan, the calligraphy is also beautiful. Hereby made, displayed in the capital, not to come out, but for appreciation. Ladies do not serve in kind, send love pens, chastity and quiet exercises, get from the court, in the name of art, not ladies, nor fandom public welfare. From the twelfth day of this month, Nanjing Central Hotel opened a solo exhibition, which was exhibited for seven days, not for sale. Sun Qionghua was unfortunately physically and mentally injured by her husband's mental stimulation and died at the age of 42. Wu Hufan and Chen Taoyi respectively inscribed in her album, expressing deep remembrance and condolences for the untimely death of this woman with excellent character and painting.
Chen Tao's last inscription
Chen Taoyi and Wu Hufan have had a long-term cooperation in the affairs of the Shanghai Document exhibition. During the preparation and the whole process of the 1937 exhibition, Wu Hufan and Chen Taoyi paid a lot of time and energy. On May 8, 1937, the "Declaration" had a report that "Ye Yuhu and others were preparing to open the Shanghai Literature Exhibition on the afternoon of the tenth afternoon of the Preparatory Committee": "The city is an important town in the southeast, and the qifu screen fan, the famous sage and the great Confucian, have been prosperous since the past." Recently, The Shanghai Literature Exhibition was held by Ye Yuhu, chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Museum, hu Zhaochun, director of the Shanghai Municipal Museum, and local collectors, such as Niu Tisheng, Wang Yiting, Liu San, Liu Yazi, Chen Taoyi, Huang Renzhi, Qin Yanqi, and dozens of other people, which is planned to be held in early July this year, and is divided into six categories: classics, images, gold stones, calligraphy and paintings, historical materials, and celebrity relics, each of which has a number of re-molecular items, with the scope of production centered on Shanghai, and contiguous counties, such as Songjiang, Qingpu, Baoshan, Nanhui, Chuansha and other places. At 4:00 p.m. on the 10th of this month, the first preparatory meeting will be held on the ninth floor of the False Eight Immortals Bridge Youth Association to discuss the steps and promote the staff, etc., so that the collection can begin on the same day. The situation of the preparatory committee on the afternoon of the tenth day can be read from Wu Hufan's "Diary of the Ugly Basket": "Today's preparatory meeting for the Shanghai Literature Exhibition was held at the Youth Congress, and Ye Gong went with Jiang (Xiao Lu), Wang (Ji Qian), Xu (Bang Da) and Yu Five. Six o'clock dispersal... The president of the exhibition is Ye Xiaoweng, the vice president is Chen Taoyi and Shen Xinqing, the executive director is the curator Hu Zhaochun and Yu and other ten people, Jiang, Wang, Xu and other directors are forty directors, and there are still honorary presidents and honorary directors. "It is clearly designated that Wu Hufan is the executive director. On June 16, the "Declaration" also published a report on the literature exhibition that Wu Hufan and Chen Taoyi were elected as members of the appraisal committee: "The Shanghai Literature Exhibition is generally ready to collect products, and hundreds of products are received every day in various places. Finally, 14 members of the appraisal committee, including Cai Xiaomin, Ye Yuhu, Wang Yiting, Niu Tisheng, Zhang Jusheng, Liu Yazi, Shen Xinqing, Qin Yanqi, Chen Taoyi, Teng Ruoqu, Ding Fuzhi, Wu Hufan, Yao Yuqin, and Pang Laichen, were elected as members of the appraisal committee, and the meeting was adjourned at three o'clock. It can be seen that Chen Taoyi and Wu Hufan cooperated in the affairs of the document exhibition. Chen Taoyi once wrote a poem for Wu Hufan's "Green Pond Grass" inscribed on the famous artist Guangzheng because of the early death of his wife Pan Jingshu: "The name of the name is like a painting, and the thousand autumns and good sentences are passed on by thousands of people." Poor green all over the pond grass, the intestines cut off the yellow door for another year. Mr. Hu Fan has the pain of the yellow door, the pursuit of the ink, the word of a thousand autumn years, and its green pond grass five words have become popular among the population. The proposition is that of begging for government. Chen Taoyi. ”
Chen Taoyi wrote a poem for "Green Pond Grass"
Speaking of Wu Hufan and Chen Taoyi, we should not miss the story of their support for Mei Lanfang's refusal to act for the Japanese Kou and the traitors. On August 13, 1937, the Songhu War in Shanghai, which invaded China by the Japanese, broke out, and soon after Shanghai fell. When he learned that Mei Lanfang was a celebrity in the art world and lived in Shanghai, Niko asked him to speak on the radio, saying that he was willing to serve Japan's "Imperial Paradise". Mei Lanfang saw this conspiracy and was ready to get rid of the entanglement, so he brought a message to Rikou, saying that he had been very busy acting recently, and he was ready to take a boat to Hong Kong with his family and a group. After arriving in Hong Kong in early 1938, he lived in seclusion and did not show his face, in addition to practicing tai chi, playing badminton, learning English, reading newspapers, and spending his energy on painting to kill time. He likes to paint birds, Buddha statues, grass worms, swimming fish, shrimp and character dances, and his family and troupe members admire his paintings, saying that they have brought them joy. But in 1941, the Japanese army invaded Hong Kong again, Mei Lanfang was miserable, in order to get rid of the Japanese to find him to act, he consulted with his wife, determined to grow a beard and stop singing and dancing. He said to his friend, "Don't look at my beard, it will be of great use in the future." If the Japanese were unreasonable and insisted that I sing a play, then he would have to go to jail and kill the head. At the beginning of the next year, Sakai, the commander of the Japanese garrison in Hong Kong, saw Mei Lanfang, who had a beard, and said in surprise: "How did Mr. Mei grow a beard?" How can a great artist like you get off the stage? He immediately replied: "I am a singer, and now that I am older, my appearance is not good, my voice is not good, and I can no longer act." In the past few years, I have been studying painting at home, and I am recuperating! Although Sakai was not happy to leave after hearing this, he still sent someone to find Mei Lanfang, and he was required to perform a few times on stage to show the prosperity after Japan ruled Hong Kong. It also happened that at this time, Mei Lanfang did suffer from severe dental disease and half of her face was swollen, and Sakai had no choice but to give up. The next day, Mei Lanfang felt that Hong Kong was also a place of right and wrong, and it was not easy to stay for a long time, so she immediately took a boat back to Shanghai.
Mei Lanfang statue
At that time, Wang Jingwei had already established a puppet national government in Nanjing, and also set up a secret service in Shanghai. Wu Sibao, the head of the secret service, offered to entertain Mei Lanfang and advised her to perform a condolence performance. However, no matter how much coercion and inducement, Mei Lanfang never acted for them. Mei Lanfang had a large amount of performance income, which had been deposited in a Hong Kong bank when she went to Hong Kong, and after the Japanese ruled Hong Kong, this deposit was all frozen and could not be withdrawn for use in Shanghai. Mei Lanfang, who had been living on interest, had a difficult family life, so he discussed what to do with his wife. Madame said: "Recently, the newspaper published the news that Ms. He Xiangning sold paintings to make a living, we may as well learn from her, you have the talent to paint, how to sell paintings to survive?" This coincided with his own early ideas, so in less than eight days, he painted more than twenty works of fish, shrimp, pine, plum and so on. When the public saw the eye-catching advertisement "Our shop sells Mr. Mei Lanfang's recent paintings, welcome to visit", they competed to buy them, and within two days, more than 20 paintings all fled. When the news came out of the incident, the Shanghai press, literary and art circles, and the business circles all reacted strongly, and many well-known people proposed to hold a painting exhibition for him. Mei Lanfang was very excited to learn that, in order to live up to the expectations of the public, he fought hard for half a month, painted dozens of works to the organizers to arrange for exhibition and sale, and the organizers also selected the Chongyang Festival to be exhibited at the Shanghai Exhibition Center, at which time Mei Lanfang and his wife will be invited to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony. Of course, such a big news did not go away, and after the Japanese and pseudo-traitors learned about it, they colluded with each other at that time and entered the exhibition hall in advance to make trouble, and people felt bored and left. After Mei Lanfang and his wife arrived at the scene, they felt strange when they saw the cold and clear at the door, and when they entered the room, they saw that the paintings were pinned with sticks and notes, which were written with "Chairman Wang Order" and "Gangcun Ningci Order"... Others say "Send to Tokyo Exhibition" and so on. Mei Lanfang saw this scene and was furious, tearing all these paintings to pieces on the spot. This indignant act of destroying the painting quickly spread throughout Shanghai and the north and south of the river. The Newspaper in Shanghai preemptively published the number one news, saying: "Minister Chu was stunned, a painting exhibition was a false alarm!" Song Qingling, Guo Moruo, He Xiangning, and Ouyang Yuqian delivered a speech of solidarity, praising Mei Lanfang's awe-inspiring national integrity and should be admired by the world. Letters were also sent to the masses in support of May's patriotic actions. Mei Lanfang saw that people appreciated and supported him so much, moved to tears, and excitedly said to her wife: "I Mei Lanfang is no longer a lone goose!" ”
Mei Lanfang's "Heavenly Girl Scattered Flowers"
Mei Lanfang cut off her financial resources and naturally had to live on a shoesy basis, so she had to tearfully sell her house in Beijing, and then sold the collection she had collected for many years. Despite this, he still borrowed money from relatives and friends. In the Duanyang Festival in 1944, Chen Taoyi, Wu Hufan, Li Bake, Ye Yuhu and Tang Dingzhi gathered at the Mei House. Mei Lanfang took out his painting and asked everyone for guidance, and Li Bake said: "Your paintings have made great progress, you may as well open an exhibition." He asked Wu Hufan and Tang Dingzhi, two old painters, "Can my paintings be sold for money?" Tang Dingzhi said, "Yes! However, in an exhibition, there must be two hundred paintings to be decent, and the exhibits must be selected more exquisitely, so you have to paint more. Wu Hufan said: "I will give you an idea, Mr. Yuhu has been very interested in painting bamboo recently, and if you open an exhibition together, it will be very lively." Ye Yuhu said: "I paint bamboo, I am happy to do it, there are not many paintings, I can only participate in a part." Tang Dingzhi also suggested that Ye and Mei could draw a plum bamboo diagram together, or a year cold diagram. Chen Taoyi immediately said to Mei Lanfang: "You pick out the fine works of your paintings and let people write inscriptions on the heart of the painting, so that they can also be strong, I will be the first to register." Everyone in the room said, "We can all serve." Old friends instigated the holding of a painting exhibition, and Mei Lanfang was greatly encouraged. For the next eight or nine months, he actively painted. In the spring of 1945, mei lanfang and Ye Yuhu jointly organized an exhibition in Shanghai. Among the more than 170 works on display, a wide range of themes, including ladies, Buddha statues, feathers, flowers, pines, etc., were sold on the spot, and many people still set up paintings. The painting titled "The Work of the Divine Regent" by Wu Hufan copied and changed the "Double Red Bean Diagram" of the Seven Qians, and someone re-determined five on the spot. In the exhibits, Mei Lanfang's "Three Friends of the Cold Years" cooperated by Wu Hufan and Ye Yuhu is still intact as new. Mei Lanfang's pen and ink "Fan Lady Picture" shows the eyebrow look of the lady, the visitor praises it as the stage image of Mei herself, and also asks Mei whether she really uses herself as a model? Mei Lanfang replied with a smile: "I unconsciously drew out a certain look of myself, but I didn't do it intentionally." "Imagine that Shanghai was still a occupied area at that time, either water and power outages, or air raid sirens, Mei Lanfang could paint in such a difficult environment, and her pen and ink techniques could be greatly improved, which was not easy." The income he earned from painting was firstly to pay off debts, second, to arrange family livelihoods, and third, to support those who had a more difficult life in the troupe. Mei Lanfang often said: "An actor is performing vigorously, but because of the resistance to the harsh social environment, he refuses to perform on stage, and even dare not hang his voice, this pain I cannot describe in words." The reason why I paint is half to maintain my life, half to use it for recreation, otherwise, I would really die. Chen Taoyi, Ye Yuhu, Wu Hufan, and others in order to support Mei Lanfang's action of not performing for the national enemy showed the indomitable backbone of a generation of Chinese cultural heroes, and greatly encouraged the determination of the Chinese people to fight bravely until death.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chen Taoyi was very angry when he saw the Kuomintang receivers taking advantage of the plunder, and warned his juniors not to become officials. In 1946, the Kuomintang asked him to become chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council of Senators, but he refused. On April 27, the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), Chen Taoyi died in poverty, illness and anger, and Huang Yanpei and others held a funeral for him. In order to commemorate it forever, the friendly neighbors used the word "chastity" to praise his personality as his nickname.
(This article is authorized by Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Publishing House "Book and Painting" magazine)