Pomegranate dried rot
Dry rot of pomegranate: symptoms can occur from bud to fruit harvest. The onset usually begins in mid-May to early June, and rain and humidity are conducive to the growth of the disease. It is mainly harmful to flowers, peduncles and fruits. The peduncle and flower tray are infected with brown sunken spots, and the seriously ill flowers fall off early. The fruit is onset, the diseased part becomes gray-black, soft, gradually loses water and shrinks, and later densely grows small black particles on it. The disease causes fruit rot during storage.
Prevention and control methods (1) strengthen cultivation management and improve the ability of the tree to resist disease; (2) clean the orchard, combine pruning in winter to remove diseased branches, rotten fruits, etc.; in summer, remove the diseased fruit at any time, bury or burn; (3) pay attention to protect the tree body, prevent frost or injury, and apply new high-fat film powder protection; (4) fruit bagging; (5) scrape off the branches and spots and bury the spots deeply, apply medicine to protect, such as the tree guard general; (6) drug prevention and control, spray 3-5 ° stone sulfur compound in early spring, spray 1 between May and August :1:160 Bordeaux liquid, sprayed once every 15-20 days.
Pomegranate melanoma
Pomegranate melanoma: only harmful leaves are seen at present. The initial lesions are small needle-like black spots on the leaf surface, and then expand to develop into rounded to polyangular irregular spots, 0.4-0.5-3.5-3.5 mm in size. Later lesions are dark brown to dark brown, and the edges are often black lines. When the climate is dry, the central area of the ward is often grayish brown. In general, there are several disease spots scattered on the leaf surface, and in severe cases, there can be as many as more than 20 disease spots, resulting in premature leaf loss.
Prevention and control methods: (1) Combined with winter pruning and fertilization, thoroughly clean up the stump of ground disease, enter the pit as fertilizer, and reduce the stock of fungal sources. (2) From late May to mid-July, there are many precipitation days, and the disease spreads quickly, so we should seize the sunny day and timely chemical control. The agent with better effect is 20% carbendazim sulfur glue suspension 500 times liquid spray, which is not easy to be washed by rainwater and has a good protective effect. The middle and late stages are protected by 25% zinc desen mixed with high fat film 300 times liquid spray
Stone disease durian scab
Stone disease durian scab: mainly harmful to the fruit and calyx, the spot is initially wet, gradually becomes reddish brown, purple-brown until black-brown, a single spot is round to oval, diameter 2-5 mm, later multi-spot fusion into irregular scabs, rough, severe cracks, diameter 10-30 mm or larger. When the humidity is high, a reddish powder is produced in the lesion, that is, the conidia disc and conidia of the pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic characteristics: the pathogen overwinters in the diseased tissue with mycelium, the spring temperature is higher than 15 °C, the rainy and humidity are large, the diseased part produces conidia, spread by wind and rain or insects, and after a few days of incubation, it forms new disease spots, and produces conidia for re-infection. Temperatures above 25°C tend to stagnate, and diseases can occur or circulate in autumn rainy seasons.
Prevention and control methods: (1) Timely removal of diseased fruits to reduce the source of initial infection. (2) Spray 10% ferrous sulfate plus 1% crude sulfuric acid eradication agent on seriously diseased trees before the onset of disease. (3) Spray 1:1:160 times Bordeaux liquid or 50% phenylmycin wettable powder 1000 times liquid and 70% daisen manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid after flowering and young fruit stage. (4) Strict quarantine should be carried out when transferring seedlings or scion.
Pomegranate nocturnal moth
Pomegranate nocturnal moth: overwinters in pupae, overlaps generations, and in April of the following year, adults feather. The larvae inhabit the lower part of the trunk during the day and are active at night to feed. The larvae are similar to the bark and are not easily detected. The larvae are distributed among weeds and shrubs over a wide area. Adults have strong flight power, disperse and lurk during the day, and feed, cross tail, and lay eggs at night. Adults feed on fruit juice and prefer to suck the sap of near-ripe and ripe fruits. , serious harm. In orchards in hilly and mountainous areas, fruit-sucking nocturnal moth pests occur more severely. The natural enemies of fruit-sucking nocturnal moth pests include red-eyed bees and black egg bees at the egg stage, a nematode in the larval stage, and praying mantises and earthworms in adult insects.
Prevention and control methods: 1) Strengthen quarantine to avoid long-distance spread of pests with seedlings. (2) Chemical control: try to choose to control at a young larval stage. At this time, the insect population density is small, the harm is small, and the insect resistance is relatively weak. For control, 45% propromooctanthion (Guoguang Yita) 1000 times liquid, or Guoguang Yike (20% cypermethrin) 1500 times liquid + Luck (5.7% methyl vitamin salt) 2000 times mixed liquid, 40% acetone. Poison (must be treated) 1500-2000 times liquid spray to kill larvae, can be used 1-2 times, intervals of 7-10 days. Medications can be rotated to delay the development of resistance.
Pomegranate turtle wax bug
Pomegranate turtle wax bug: biological characteristics Generation by year, fertilized female adults overwinter on the twigs, the following year in March and April began to harm, wheat harvest is the peak of egg laying, in late June the larvae began to feed on the harm, and secreted wax, forming a shell. Hatchers are more active and can spread long distances by wind, the insects begin to differentiate in late July, male and female adult worms appear in September, the males die after mating, the females continue to be harmful, and enter the wintering state in November.
Control methods: (1) Artificially scrape the bark and shear the insect shoots during the wintering period and spray 5% diesel emulsion. (2) In early spring, it can be sprayed once 5 ° stone sulfur compound. (3) Spray 50% wettable civurin 0.17% liquid during the summer egg incubation period.
Pomegranate velvet
Pomegranate velvet beetle: occurs 3-4 generations a year, with fertilized female adults and nymphs overwintering in the bark slits, overlapping generations. Mid-to-late March of the following year is the peak of the hatching of the first generation of nymphs, which is also the key time for the control of this insect. The second and third generations of nymph hatching occur in June and August, respectively. It is infested from April to October, with August being the most serious.
Pomegranate velvet bug control methods: (1) strengthen maintenance. Scrape or prune off insect branches in time. If the family potted flowers occur lightly, they are removed with a toothpick. (2) Protection and utilization of natural enemies. Introduce or use their advantages to breed natural enemies, such as red-spotted lip ladybirds, red ring ladybirds, leopard-winged aphid wasps, short-horned jumping wasps and Chinese grasshoppers. (3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control. Strengthen the investigation of insect conditions, spray 150 times the liquid of mite oil emulsion during the wintering period, control the body of the overwintering insects, and treat other wintering pests. When the host growth period is serious, the nymph spray 50% Yolade 3000 times liquid, or the flower protection 80 times liquid control during the incubation period, spray once in 7 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously. When the occurrence is not serious, try not to spray medicine to protect predators.
Peach borer
Peach borer: Biological characteristics This insect occurs in 2-3 generations per year, with a long feeding habit and a long period of occurrence, and the 1st and 2nd generations of larvae are the most harmful to pomegranates. Overwintering with old mature larvae, overwintering adults feathered in May of the following year, lying quietly in the shade during the day and active at night; eggs are mainly laid in pomegranate calyx tubes, and hatching larvae are mostly mothed or drilled into the fruit in the calyx or double fruit and leaf stickers. The larvae have the characteristics of reincarnation hazard, and the larvae often form cocoons in the affected fruit or between the fruits and in the bark slits after ripening, and pupate in the cocoon.
Prevention and control methods: (1) Scrape the bark in early spring and plug the tree hole. (2) Use medicinal mud to block the calyx cylinder, use 90% enemy insects 100 g of soil 100 times and water 10 kg and the medicinal mud, the mass into mud wall plugged calyx, can effectively control the harm of larvae, valid for 70-80d. (3) The use of peach borer spawning has strong characteristics of sunflower flower disc. Some sunflowers can be planted around the orchard, and after enlightenment, adults can be lured to lay eggs and sprayed regularly for control. (4) Pharmaceutical control; during the occurrence of adult insects, spray 0.1% of the liquid of 50% borer pine emulsion, and the insecticidal rate of 5 days after field application is more than 90%. Spray 50% octylthion or 90% dimethoate 0.1% solution 1-2 times during the hatching period of the first generation of eggs and larvae, and the effect is better.
Pomegranate wood beetle moth: This pest is very harmful, one of the years, our garden suffered a lot of trauma, in addition to harming pomegranates will also harm grapes, apples and other fruit trees, winter with larvae in the branches of the winter, the first generation of larvae in May. Appearing in the middle of the year, the first generation of pests harms the branches in June-July, and then withers, the second generation of larvae appear at the end of August and September, the larvae are endangered between the cortex and the wood, and then station in the marrow and feed upwards, and soon the defecation hole is drilled out, and the bite is stationed at the lower end of the same branch.
Control methods: 1. Artificial control, manual pruning of the affected branches, the larvae that overwinter in the branches will be cut off, 2 agents control, after the larvae are stationed, when there is fresh insect feces discharged, use 80% dichlorvos emulsion 20 times liquid into the hole, and then seal the hole with mud
The pests and diseases of pomegranates are introduced here first, and ren Shuai of Yicheng District of Zaozhuang City will successively publish some personal small experiences to everyone to discuss the conservation of pomegranate bonsai.