Sacrifice or 幛文 (幛文: The text written or printed on the top of the 幛子. It is a style used to celebrate or reminisce about the deceased and famous elderly. It is more or less to record this life, to refine and summarize the contribution of this person, and to express the congratulations or admiration and remembrance of the younger generations for this person. In between, there are many words of praise. ) are articles that express mourning during sacrifices or memorials to the dead. Genres have rhymes (rhymes can rhyme to the end, or they can rhyme, that is, more than two rhymes.) ) and prose both. The content is mainly to mourn and commemorate the main experience of the deceased before his death, praise his moral achievements, send mourning, and inspire the living. At the same time, the sacrifice text, as a mourning article written in honor of the deceased, is recited during the sacrifice and is composed of ancient blessing texts (ancient words for worshiping gods and ghosts or ancestors. ) evolved.
Nowadays, in the era of rapid development of color printing technology, it is popular to make "sacrifice texts" into plates, which are displayed in front of the spirits of the deceased for people to read, as a new form of memorial to mourn the deceased. However, the style still follows the format of writing in the sacrificial or confucian script.
In the past, the altar texts were read to people by people of a certain status for the purpose of hanging the deceased, especially for the descendants of the deceased, so the content was mainly to commend the merits of the deceased. Most of the sacrifice texts are written by relatives and friends of children or commissioned by local literati with good writing to recall the life of the deceased, and their titles and contents must also conform to the identity of the deceased, with sincere and strong emotional color, smooth writing, and easy to understand. Usually, the sacrifice text should be short and refined, and it should not be too long, let alone drag mud and water. It is necessary to express the grief in concise and concise words, so that people can sound like they can evoke memories of the dead, arouse people's nostalgia for the dead, and at the same time create an atmosphere of sadness.
In recent years, at the funerals of relatives and friends, I often see "sacrifice texts" printed on picture boards, many of which are excellent works, but there are also some writing methods that do not conform to the sacrifice texts in terms of titles and formats, and even some "jokes". For example, it is obvious that it is written "sacrifice to the father", but the text is mixed with the content of the mother, if the mother is still alive, it will seem to be dragging mud and water. There are also many self-proclaimed "filial pieties" in the drop section, which is contrary to the humble thinking of the ancients when they wrote "sacrifice texts". Imagine that the filial piety that our country has praised from ancient times to the present is only "twenty-four filial pieties", and it is not a little shameful to call ourselves "filial piety"! There is also the unrestricted exaltation of the dead, and some of the words used in ordinary people are somewhat far-fetched. The "sacrifice text" was originally an evolution of the ancient "blessing text". Later "sacrifice texts" or "幛文" were mostly articles that were recited like "eulogies" by large households when paying homage to the dead. There are several "sacrifice texts" in the "Ancient Literature Guanzhi" and the "Hundred Ancient Writings and Penmanships", such as Han Yu's "Sacrifice Twelve Lang Texts", which can be used as a model for later generations to write sacrifice texts.
Recently, I saw several "texts" from the "Yin Family Tree" during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in my county, and after reading them, in addition to feeling the literary literacy and format of the ancients, I felt that it was also possible to be a kind of "fan text" for today's people to write sacrifice texts on the plates.
A study of the texts written by Yao Shilin and Engong Feng Buyun of the Jingle Qing Dynasty can see the general format and writing of the texts and the sacrifice texts.
1. Title. Written as "sacrifice xx text", "xx" indicates the generation of the deceased or the relationship with the living.
2. The altar text or the text begins with the word "dimensional", which is an auxiliary word, used as a speech word, and has no other meaning. Immediately after that, write down the time and place of the sacrifice, and who will be sacrificed, and who will be sacrificed. What kind of offerings to sacrifice the dead to reflect the piety and humility of the "sacrifice" are all questions that must be pointed out in the opening of the book.
3. The circumstances of the deceased's death.
4. Pay homage to people. Write down the relationship and generations between the memorial and the deceased. Juniors should not call the deceased by their first name, and the word "讳" should be added before the name to show respect. Descendants should not call themselves "filial piety", but should be modestly called "unfilial".
5. Narrate the life deeds of the deceased yi de contribution to inspire the living.
6. Express the feeling of remembrance and sorrow. (Woohoo!) ）
7. The epilogue is used as "Fu Wei ShangYi". The ending ritual ends with the word "Shangyi". "Shangyi" is a word for the sacrifice and the hope for the dead to enjoy. Shang, is a few, hope also; feast, set up livestock to taste also. "Fu Wei ShangYi" means to prostrate yourself on the ground and respectfully invite the sacrificed person to enjoy the offering.
In addition: where the sacrifice text falls, for example: "Sacrifice of the Father (Mother) Text", (the death of the father) calls himself the orphan son weeping or prostrating, (the mother dies) calls himself the mourning son weeping or prostrating, (the parents are dead) claiming to be the lonely mourning son weeping or prostrating. In the deceased father's (male) sacrifice text or the inscription□ honored as the □ Xiankao □□ the old man who is secreted□□, and the deceased mother is the old and child of the □ Xianfei □□ □□. The death of a man is called the end of life, and the death of a woman is called the end of life. Don't make a mistake and make a joke.
The appendices to the old funeral ceremonies are as follows:
The appendices to the Jingle Qing Dynasty Scholar Yao Shilin's "Sacrifice of Yu Gongwen" and the "Sacrifice of The Imperial Court" written by Engong Feng Buyun are as follows:
GongWen of Yu (Tongyi Wucun Shijinshi was born in Yao Shilin)
Wei Qianlong twenty-one years old Czi, leap September C Shen, Shuo Yue twenty-four days have not been. Formerly yao Shilin, the younger brother of the Nian family in Zhi county, Suzhou Prefecture, Jiangnan Province, and the younger brother of the Nian family of The Younger Brother of the Zhi County of Suzhou Province, the younger brother of the Nian Family of the Candidate County, the late-born Niu Deze, and the candidate of the Nongshen Jinshi Candidate For The Sister-in-law Duan Jianzhou. I would like to offer my blessings with the ceremony of the fragrant tree with a soft beard:
Before the coffin of the old lady yin and the old man of Zhao: Woohoo! The present man, in the death of his in-laws and friends, will go through the encounters of his life, and he will consult and lament his deeds, so he mourns (from above to below, respect to inferiority is to praise.) "Ming Xushi once "Stylistic Discernment": The one who is tired, tired, and the accumulation of his virtues is also called. The Zhou Li (周礼) is too blessed with six words, and its six recitations, that is, this text also. At this time, the lowly are not noble, and the young are not long, so the Heavenly Son is called heavenly, and the Qing Doctor is called the King." Most of the masterpieces are also sad and indignant. Ruofu, who has enjoyed a great age of wealth and great prosperity, and his descendants Kexiao and Bo chang, he has a good fortune in the encounter of the living person, and it is advisable if he can not be related! And the in-laws of the township are still not exempt from sighing. Then his people have to make them not forget, such as I Weng and the widows are real people, weng is honest and diligent, talented. Nongsang's business is not well practiced, and the widow Yu Wenghede, smelling the chicken vigilance, soaring in the night. Therefore, the family business flourished, and Guan Zhou was called Su Feng, and the first to raise Weng was right, thinking that Chen Zhengfu was seen in this world. He has a lot of luck, a man and a widow are over the age of old, and Kang Qiang has gathered for more than sixty years. Gai is born blessed with a long life, and those who are experienced and diligent in times of hardship have to strengthen their spirit with their bone strength. The so-called posture of pine and cypress is more and more frosted, and the quality of gold and stone enters the fire. And the day of the reunion of Liang Meng of Qi Mei also. He has the honor of being a good fortune, the heir to the throne, the duke of The Prince of The Imperial Household, the marquis of the second emperor, the Marquis of the Second Emperor, the Emperor of the Emperor, the emperor, the emperor, the emperor, Every year, when the vola woman is on the knees of The Woman, Weng and the widows are happy, which is nothing less than Pang Gongzhi in Lumen Mountain. It has the good fortune, and the three rich people also have the resentment of the people. The bandits are especially arrogant and jealous, and the earthly creatures are all used from this section, and the exploitation and invasion of the world are not the ones who are thick and thick. And do good deeds, and have no choice but to be estranged from each other. For example, the long river borrows the frequency of gradual stains, and the trees are weeping and quiet, but they are sheltered widely. As for the frugality of the body, such as humble and humble retreat, for the heart is never in a state of self-esteem. The old man and the one who befriended him were proud and forgotten, and the white head fell on the same page. This is something that no one can forget. Those who have gained from heaven have great fortune, and those who have written for man are unforgettable. Then although the blessings should be three more, the domain and the five blessings, singing with the naturalized, the Weng couple has no regrets and the sad old age of the withering, the wounded Shu Fan of the clouds, and the people of Wu Neng have returned to the spirit of Zhaojiye! Chen Bo Dian, honoring the words, spirit and consciousness, Shang Lian Fei came to taste it!
Woohoo!
Fu Wei Shangyi
GongWen (Engong Feng Buyun)
Wei Qianlong thirty-eight years of age and the second month of November, ShuoYue twenty-fifth day Gengchen, the in-law brother candidate training Feng Buyue and brother Enjin Shi Buyun respectfully with the ceremony of □□□ to the ceremony of the following:
The Emperor's Edict granted the Pro-Priest Lang Candidate Confucian Teachings Pro-Weng Yin Old Mr. Coffin Before the Coffin: Woohoo! Gongzu lived in non-Nanxiang Wang, and the worldly Lingde Wasa, and it was not Wuyi Jieshiye. Less loss of arrogance, things are too in-law gongqu love and respect. If he is buried, the funeral is like a ceremonial offering, and the people of the time are extremely called filial piety. As for the division of the brothers, the party competes for the people who are difficult to do. Although the one who has the heart is not ready to carry it, he who has the heart has not tried to be prepared for it.
The brother and the father began as friends and friends, and then married each other. Remembering that when he was young, he also took the child's examination, and envied the duke to list in the palace early, thinking that there was a step in the realm, and then he would be beyond the reach of others. Gong Nai said: "Reading has its own true path, and it is reasonable to find it." The use of abusive and evil tricks is not Xiao for the sake of raising sons", "Wen Yue Hou Tianfu mingdeng, still not yet public and public meaning is always more than that. Even the lesson nongsang is also quite idyllic. Temporary accountants do not need to imitate the book of wealth, and the family road is rich from the beginning to the beginning. So within a few years, the humble and constant Mengyitai gradually became prosperous. Although the group of concubines are forbidden to use the same to control the poison trap, the public is always dry and whirlwind, and many righteous people succumb to the ruthless lawsuits, so they go to bed. If he is poor and poor, and if he helps the poor and the dangerous, the lessons will be righteous and encourage others to be good. There is no virtue, no slackness, and all kinds of deeds are not easy to describe. belch! Gong, sincere people Jie ya! The widow Hao Shi , who was a virtuous servant of the inner helper , died a few years before. Now the eldest heir of the young man has also died early, and those who hear it will mourn it. Public real embarrassment nothing matters.
Gong baited and enjoyed all his life, and in his later years he became more and more cultivated, so that his life exceeded that of the ancients, his teeth were strong, and his ears and eyes were clever. When he was gong xibin, he tasted the clouds and the heavens and blessed him. In the future, it will be built for the public centenary also. Fu Ho, the age is in Gengyin, not the dragon is not a snake, the gong is Fu Liao, and the long death of Ye! Woohoo! The lulus have lived their lives in vain, and those who have not been born are already like public beings. Life and death mourn its flow and can be measured! In fact, ji ji is not vain, and has been passed down from the family to the double phoenix. Rather than look at Qing Yan, Si Hang knows the public and has a spirit, and will be at ease among the ten islands of the three continents! It is a pity that the language smile is no longer audible and visible, and it can be more and more miserable in the artemisia!
During the period of the duty, the aspirations of the mourning of the public, the deeds of the dukes, the wounds and the goodness will soon exist, and the lament of the haojie makes it difficult for me to look at it, and talk about the statement, and the spirit of shu is cool.
Woohoo! Fu Wei ShangYi!
(Yang Xiuchuan, Wang Yanfeng)