Niu Zhi Veterinarian
Moxidectin, whose formula is C37H53NO8, is a semi-synthetic antibiotic produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces aeruginosa, with the same activity and safety range as ivermectin. This product is a white or off-white amorphous powder, almost insoluble in water, extremely soluble in ethanol (96%), slightly soluble in hexane. The moisture is not more than 1.3%, and the blazing residue is not more than 0.2%.
1 Use of moximesin in horses
Moximellose 2% gel (Quest Gel) oral administration (0.3 mg/kg) can effectively repel the following insect bodies: adult and fourth and fifth stage larvae of common round nematodes in macromycetes, adults and tissue stage larvae of roundworms without teeth, adults of short-tailed trilodent nematodes and serrated trilode nematodes; small roundworms in the oblomangus nematode (including bowl katy cup mouth nematodes), cup-crowned nematodes, cup ring nematodes, crown ring nematodes, crown ring nematodes, adults of equine paracaria and stage IV larvae, horse pinworms Adult Roundworm albicans in cateractria and larvae of flexia and gastric flies in gastrolaria (eg, larvae of gastrointestinal and nasogascial flies). Moximesin is particularly effective against small roundworms that are saced. The drug is safe for mares during breeding, pregnancy, lactation and foals over 6 months of age.
2 Moxysin for use in cattle
1% moximesin injection is approved by the US FDA for beef cattle and dry milk cows, subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.2mg/kg can control adult and fourth stage larvae of Osteria auschii in brown stomach worms, adults of Platts blood spear nematode in twisting stomach worms, adults of Roundworm albicans in small gastric nematodes, Serpentine triangular nematode stage IV larvae, small intestinal nematodes swollen foramen, punctus cooperia and Jurabad gubai nematode adults and fourth stage larvae, Adults and fourth stage larvae of the radiation esophageal nematode in tuberous worms, adults of trichoe-tailed nematodes, fetal reticulworms in lung nematodes, cowhide flies and striae flies in the larvae of the plenipotens, itch mites of mites, bovine jaw lice and buffalo blind lice in blood-sucking lice. Moxirmectin injections are contraindicated in calves under 8 weeks of age and cannot be used in meat calves and lactating cows, which are banned within 21 days before slaughter. In the United States, 0.5% moximesin primers with a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg are approved for the control of all the parasites mentioned above, in addition to being effective against the following insect bodies: adults of ctenophore and spoon-shaped cooperia in small intestinal nematodes, adults of bovine back-mouth nematodes in hookworms, adults of yellowish fine-necked nematodes and stage IV larvae in intestinal fine-necked nematodes, cattle foot mites in mites, bovine blood lice in vampire lice, cattle lice in trichophyllites and harassing blood flies in hornflies. Moxicin primers can be used in beef cattle and dairy cattle without restrictions on the time before slaughter and milk abandonment, and meat and milk can be consumed at any time after treatment. The drug should not be used in beef calves and pre-ruminated calves.
3 Use of moximecin in sheep
1% moximectin oral solution is approved by the US FDA for sheep, oral irrigation dose of 0.2mg/kg, can effectively repel the twisting blood spear nematode in the twisting gastric worm, brown stomach worm in the common Osteriasis, trigeminal Osteriasis, small stomach worms in the Ai's roundworm, serpentine trichollus, glass hairy nematode, Coopers cub in the genus Cooper's crustia, swollen cooperia cubbus, tube esophageal nematodes in the tubeworm, microtubus esophageal nematodes, intestinal fine-necked nematode in the barbar fine-necked nematode, Adults of spiny-necked nematodes, blunt-spined fine-necked nematodes, and fourth-stage larvae. Sheep are contraindicated from oral moximesin solution within 7 days before slaughter. Moximesin cannot be used in lactating sheep that supply human milk. The United States Pharmacopeia has written a special article warning that in order to delay the development of goat parasite resistance, it is opposed to the use of moximesin oral solution as a daily medication for goats.
4 Moximecin use in dogs
Moximesin is very effective against canine filariasis and gastrointestinal nematodes, and the extended-release proheart6 made of moximes is maintained for 6 months after injection. In 2001, Proheart6 was approved in the United States for the prevention of canine filariasis and for the treatment of hookworm larvae and adults. In 2004, the U.S. FDA noted that adverse reactions that occurred after the drug was used included allergies, liver disease, autoimmune hemolysis, convulsions, and death. In 2002, every 10,000 doses were administered at a specified dose, and the incidence of adverse reactions was close to 5.2 cases (FDAH, 2008). Numerous studies conducted by manufacturers have found that a mixture of residual solvents is the culprit of adverse reactions, and products sold outside the United States are relatively safe to produce drugs in the early stages due to low residue levels. In 2008, a RiskMAP, a joint venture between the manufacturer and the FDA, allowed the drug to re-enter the U.S. market (FDAH, 2008). RiskMAP requires practicing veterinarians to complete online training before using the drug, which includes letting veterinarians know which dogs are suitable for treatment and pretreatment of blood samples, keeping a complete case record, and promising to quickly report adverse reactions. RiskMAP also requires pet owners to sign a consent form before injecting the drug, the main content of which is similar to the regimen for other important life-saving drugs used in humans.
Manufacturers say dogs typically tolerate Proheart6 and the drug cannot be used in sick, frail or underweight dogs, as well as dogs with a history of weight loss or vaccination within a month. Use Proheart6 with caution in dogs with a history of allergies, as individual dogs may experience mild transient swelling or itching at the injection site. Although allergies, gastrointestinal reactions, haematological, and neurological reactions are rare in dogs, they are occasional.
Proheart6, an important preventive drug for canine filariae, re-entered the market under RiskMAP and will be accepted by licensed veterinarians and dogs will take time to verify.
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