The total area of the world's lakes is 2.5 million square kilometers, accounting for 1.68% of the earth's land area; the total storage capacity is 2.3 trillion m3, which is 191 times that of the riverbed.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > water flows lower</h1>
The Earth produces folds and faults during tectonic movements, and the sedimentation area accumulates water to form lakes, called "tectonic lakes". This type of lake is deep and large, and the Caspian Sea, Lake Baikal, Qinghai Lake, and Erhai Sea all belong to this type of lake. The Great Rift Valley is the largest on Earth, stretching 6,500 kilometers from north to south. There are more than 30 deep-water lakes at the bottom of the rift valley. Lake Daganica, the seventh largest lake in the world, and Lake Malawi, the tenth largest lake in the world, are located here. The dead sea at the northernmost tip of the Rift Valley is 392m lower than the world's lowest sea level and 238m lower than Aydin Lake in China's lowest Turpan Basin. The Dead Sea is 395 m deep and the lake bottom elevation is 787 m (787 m below sea level).
The deepest part of the Caspian Sea is 995 meters, which is the third deepest lake in the world. The lake has an elevation of 28m and a bottom elevation of 967m, which is much lower than the Dead Sea, but it is not the lowest land in the world.
Lake Baikal in Siberia is the deepest lake in the world and the lowest on the continent. The maximum water depth is 1620m, the altitude is 455m, the bottom elevation is -1165m, and the area is 31500km2, ranking eighth in the world. However, due to its depth, it contains 1/5 of the world's freshwater and can be called the world's largest freshwater lake.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > "basin" in the sky</h1>
The lake on the top of the snow mountain is supplied with snow water and is incredibly clean. It is often referred to as "Sky Lake" and "Sky Pond". The Sea of Lake Titicaca in South America is 3812 meters above sea level, with an area of 8090 square kilometers and a maximum depth of 304 meters. It is a freshwater lake with many fish and shrimp, reeds, and navigating all year round. At the bottom of the lake, there are also large frogs never heard of in the world, each weighing 300 grams to 350 grams. More than 6,000 years ago, Indians lived by the lake and created a splendid culture.
Titika Lake is the highest navigable lake in the world. In terms of altitude alone, China has at least 100 lakes. The area of Eling Lake, the source of the Yellow River, is 610.7 square kilometers, and the area of Zhaling Lake connected to it is 526 square kilometers. They are all freshwater lakes, 4270 meters above sea level, which is the highest freshwater lake in the world. With an altitude of 4,650 meters and an area of 1,943 square kilometers, Namu Lake in northern Tibet is the highest lake in the world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > great lake-making master</h1>
The Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the United States are the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world, with a total area of 245,000 square kilometers. These include Lake Superior (82,400 square kilometers), the fifth largest lake, Lake Huron (59,600 square kilometers), Lake Michigan (58,000 square kilometers), Lake Erie (25,700 square kilometers), the twelfth largest lake, Lake Ontario (19,500 square kilometers). The total water volume and water depth of these five lakes exceed the Baltic Sea, known as the "North American Mediterranean".
Glacier is the "chief architect" of the Great Lakes. When glaciers and rocks move down together, they erode the Earth's surface into depressions, forming closed lake basins around the depressions and filling the outlets of the riverbed. When the snow melts, it becomes a vast ocean. Canada, Norway, Sweden and Finland, once covered in geological history by ice sheets and glaciers, are all "countries of ten thousand lakes"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > inexhaustible salt silos</h1>
There are inland lakes inside and outside the lake. Salt accumulates, fresh water evaporates, and finally becomes a salt lake. A lake with a salinity of 0.1%-2.4% can only be regarded as "brackish water" in the mouth; a salt lake with a salinity of more than 2.4% is called a "salt lake", which is close to or equal to the salinity of seawater (3.4%), and can be used to dry salt. Salt lakes with a salinity of more than 5% are called "salt lakes". Most of them are pits left by the retreat of the sea in geological history. Seawater concentrations are high, some forming thick layers of salt on the seabed, and some drying up into salt clumps. According to the different salt content and development value, it can be divided into salt lake, potassium lake, boron lake, potassium magnesium lake, alkali lake, etc., which is the wealth given to human beings by the lake.
Rising from the seabed, the Tibetan Plateau is a colorful world of salt lakes, the region with the most salt lakes in the world. The thickest place is 15m, and the salt storage capacity is 60 billion tons, of which salt can be eaten by the people of the whole country for 8,000 years.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > strange round lake</h1>
The volcano erupted and piled up lava and debris around the vents. After the water is collected, it becomes a circular lake. Tianchi, located at the top of Mount Baekdu on the border between China and South Korea, covers an area of 9.38 square kilometers, has a water depth of 204 meters and a water storage capacity of 2 billion cubic meters, which is a typical "crater lake".
Hidden in the tropical forests of Ghana, Africa, Lake Bossinway is 7 km in diameter and resembles a hole made of awls: the lake embankment is strictly circular, inclined straight down along the center, and the water depth at the midpoint is 70 meters. Some people think that this is a crater formed by meteorites falling on the ground. Meteorites must be at least 3 km in diameter and can burrow into the ground at a speed of 20 km/s. However, of the 78 craters identified in the world, the largest is the Barringer crater in Devil's Valley, Arizona, with a diameter of 1265 meters.
In recent years, Russian scientists have claimed that Ukraine's Lake Chukotka is "the largest crater in the world." This circular lake has a diameter of 12 km and a water depth of 170 m. The platform by the lake has glass-like rocks formed by meteorite explosions. About 3.5 million years ago, a meteorite of 100 million to 150 million tons landed and exploded at a speed of 8 km/s -70 km/s.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" > lake waters are inviolable</h1>
Pangong Lake in China's Ali region is 155 kilometers long from east to west. Fresh water (controlled by our country) to the east and brackish water (Kashmir-India controlled zone) to the west; the central intersection is half lit. It is an inland lake with no exit. There are many rivers in the east, the fresh water supply is sufficient, and the lake water is light; on the contrary, the western evaporation is strong, the central "bottleneck" is stuck (only 40 meters wide), and the lake water is difficult to exchange and becomes a lake. Lake Balkhash, located in the Russian Central Asian desert, is also a long, narrow inland lake with salt in the east and light in the west.
In North America, Cape Barrowo in Alaska has a world-famous double-decker lake, Lake Nuwark. The upper layer is fresh water and the lower layer is salt water. Each organism has a different biota. Salt water is the result of sea water crossing the shore of the lake and being washed to the bottom by a storm, and fresh water is the result of melting snow.
On Kilvic Island in the Barents Sea, Lake Macchiri has five layers of water. The bottom layer is filled with hydrogen sulfide, except for hypoxic bacteria, other organisms can not survive; the second layer is dark red, which is the water layer formed by bacteria devouring hydrogen sulfide at the bottom of the lake; the third layer of water quality is transparent, including sea anemones, seaweeds, starfish, cod and so on. When they swim downstream, they are poisoned by hydrogen sulfide and are difficult to adapt to upstream, so they can only live in this layer; the fourth layer is slightly lighter than seawater, and brackish water organisms such as jellyfish are also comfortable. The fifth layer is freshwater, where a variety of freshwater creatures live.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="23" > lake in the dead</h1>
Like everything in nature, lakes undergo a process of growth, development, aging, and death. There are many traces of dead lakes on Earth. The North China Plain, which was once full of water, now has only a few remnants of Baiyangdian; the area of Guyun Mengze is 40,000 square kilometers, which has now shrunk to one-tenth of Dongting Lake. Thousands of lakes are dying at an hastening rate.
In distant geological times, the Dead Sea was 220 meters above sea level. That is, so far, the water level has dropped by 612 meters. It is still declining at a rate of 40-50 cm per year. In less than 1,000 years, the bottom of the lake will face the sky. Initially, the water collected in the Dead Sea could not offset the loss of evaporation. Now, Israel has cut off 65 percent of the Jordan River. How does it survive? The only way to save the Dead Sea is to supply water to the Dead Sea and make it "break even."
The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world, and its area is large enough to withstand arbitrary "waste". In just 30 years, the area has shrunk by 40,000 square kilometers. The Caspian Sea relies on the Volga For 80% of its water. Since the development of the Volga-Kama Canal, the amount of water entering the lake has been reduced by 20%. By 1969, the water level had dropped by 3 meters, many docks were paralyzed, and sturgeon production had been reduced by 80 percent. The Caspian Sea will disappear along with the Dead Sea. People's concerns are not empty.
Acid rain caused by air pollution has covered hundreds of lakes. Over the past 40 years, the acidity of Lake Adland in the United States has increased 100-fold. The water is as sour as vinegar. Life in the water has been wiped out. Dozens of nearby lakes are as silent as the grim reaper. I could no longer hear the frogs, and I could no longer see the birds jumping.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="28" > humans need more lakes</h1>
Human beings have paid a huge price for irrigation, power generation, flood control, transportation, drinking water, development of production, and improvement of the living environment. Hundreds of thousands of artificial lakes have been built, from hills of several hundred square meters to huge reservoirs of thousands of square kilometers, scattered like stars on the earth, blocking the fresh water that was previously wasted. The number of reservoirs built in the world may not be less than that of natural lakes, with 86,000 in China alone. The total water storage capacity of the world's reservoirs is about 5 trillion m2, which is equivalent to 2.2 ‰ of the total water storage capacity of natural lakes. The largest artificial lake is the Volta Reservoir in Ghana, Africa, with an area of 8,730 square kilometers, equivalent to two Qinghai lakes.
Every artificial lake shows us its fascinating beauty. People need more lakes!