Meisei Futani University Immigrants
In the first month of 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to attack Ying Tianfu (Nanjing), that is, the imperial throne, with the name of Daming and Jianyuan Hongwu.
After the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other places almost became no man's land, and northern Shaanxi and northwestern Jin were also barren and depressed. In order to restore agricultural production, develop the economy, and consolidate border defense, from the third year of Hongwu (1370) to the fifteenth year of Yongle (1417), the Ming Dynasty immigrated 18 times from Shanxi and Jiangsu and Zhejiang to 18 provinces such as Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Shaanxi, and more than 500 counties, of which as many as one million immigrants moved to all parts of the country through the Guangji Temple Immigration Bureau in Hongdong County, Shanxi, and its scale and influence were unprecedented in Chinese history and very rare in the history of world immigration.
The methods and steps of immigration in the Ming Dynasty mainly include juntun, shangtun and mintun, and many immigrants in Fugu are mostly mintun and juntun, and many immigrants are forced to migrate according to the proportion of one family of four, two families of six, and three families of eight.
In January of the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu (1395), the imperial court ordered Shanxi Du to command 26,600 people of the Weima Infantry Officer Army under the command of the envoys to build a city in the north of Saibei, and a large part of this migration moved to Fugu. In the second year of Ming Chenghua (1466), a large number of immigrants moved from Hongdong County to Fugu. At different times of the Ming Dynasty, immigrants from other regions also moved into Fugu.
In order to make the migration proceed smoothly, the Ming government promulgated a series of preferential policies, such as the distribution of cotton clothes, Sichuan capital (migration fees), as well as silver for settling down and buying agricultural tools, and cultivating the land by itself in the place of relocation, exempting it from taxation for three years. After the immigrants came to Fugu, they cut down forests and opened up wasteland, built villages, and multiplied, and many villages in Fugu were formed during this period. For example, those with the surname Han live on a beam are called Han Jialiang, those with the surname Wang live in a ditch are called WangJiagou, those with the surname Li live in a ditch are called Li Jiayuan, those with the surname Feng live in a canal are called Feng Jiaqu, and those with the surname Wu live in a village called Wujiazhuang. Some villages are named after their occupants, such as Dongchen Liang and Zhao Maoliang in Miaogoumen Town. There are also many places named after villages and duns or forts and camps, and a village mainly built with the surname of Tian is called Tian Jia Zhai, as well as Duan Jia Zhai and Li Jia Zhai. The surname Wang shou a pier, living in the house is called Wang Jiadun, the surname Zhao lives in a fort is called Zhao JiaBao. At that time, most of the villages named after forts, piers, villages, and battalions were military tuns.
There is a song and ballad circulating in Fugu: "Ask me where my ancestors came from, the big locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi; what is the name of the ancestor's ancient residence, the old stork nest under the big locust tree." "Many family trees, inscriptions and some families in Fugu have been passed down from generation to generation, and their ancestors came from Hongdong County, in fact, from the counties and townships around Hongdong County, and many of them immigrated to Fugu from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei and other places through Hongdong County.
According to the Republic of China's "Hongdong County Chronicle, Volume VII, Youdi Chronicle", the large locust tree is in the Guangji Temple in the north of the city. According to the "Literature Examination" Ming Hongwu and Yongle years repeatedly moved shanxi people to various places, under the tree as a place of assembly, Guangji Temple set up a bureau stationed, issued to the license, Sichuan capital. The departure is usually after the autumn, in order to accumulate more expenses for settling down. In the autumn wind, the leaves wither, and the nests of old storks are more eye-catching. Immigrants dragged their children and daughters on the road, the homeland is difficult to leave, can't help but look back frequently, and then look at the hometown. The road is far away, the cottage can not be seen, and the only thing that comes into sight is the majestic locust tree and the old stork nests scattered on it, so the big locust tree and the old stork nest have become the symbols of the hometown.
In the first year of Ming Yongle (1403), the Rebbe was played, and the four Han divisions of Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan were compiled into Lijia for their own political divisions. Since then, there have been administrative divisions below the county level. The Lijia system is also called the Dujia system, the county below the setting of "Li", the setting of Li below the A, with the Lijia hukou is the official resident of a place, bear the land endowment, can participate in the scientific expedition. The Ming Dynasty law stipulates that farmers do not go out of the country for a mile, go in and out, know each other the way of work and rest, and anyone who leaves the countryside must have a road guide, and the road guide is the proof of leaving the hometown, that is, "by virtue of the photo". The Ming Dynasty Fugu consisted of six li, that is, six capitals, namely Dabaoli (present-day Moraine, Wujiazhuang and most of the areas of the Shimachuan River Basin in the Ming Dynasty's Dabaoli < capital >), Taipingli (present-day Fugu Qingshui, Mazhen and other places ming Dynasty Taipingli < capital >), Heheli (present-day Fugu Walltou Village to Shenmuma Town, Hehe Village, Hehe village, Heheli><, Heheli, Heli, Heheli, Heheli, Heheli, Heheli, Heli, Heheli, Heli, Heheli, Heli, Fugu
The territory of Fugu is mostly a valley area, the population has always been sparse and scattered, the Song and Yuan Dynasties were frequently war, and the indigenous people flowed to the outside world, but the Folding family, Liu family and other families have been living in Fugu since the Song Dynasty, and the old Zhi called it the old household of Fugu. After the great migration of the Ming Dynasty, the population of Fugu gradually increased, and during the Ming and Qing dynasties, some large clans were formed:
You clan Of the late Ming Dynasty. It is praised for the nine general soldiers of one family, such as You Shilu, You Shiwei, You Shigong, one of whom lived in Yulin in the early Qing Dynasty, and the rest lived in Zhangjiata, ZhaoJiashiyao and other places in this county.
There are three ethnic groups in the Liu clan: one is the old household of the Liu family in the county, which moved into Fugu during the Song Dynasty, with a ferry port, called Liu Jiadu, with a prosperous population, mostly for boating or business; one is the Liu family of Fu Jiayuan, whose ancestors moved from Hongdong in Shanxi in the second year of Ming Chenghua (1466), took agriculture as their business, and then scattered everywhere; one is the New People's Liu family, whose ancestral home is Yan'an Lincheng, the hereditary command of hundreds of households at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and Liu Pengsheng and Liu Hongsheng served as zhenqiang garrisons and guerrillas in the early Qing Dynasty.
In the fourth year (1371) of the Ming Hongwu clan of the Su clan, he moved from Zhejiang and lived in the county seat, and in the Qing Dynasty, a total of 3 jinshi were sent out, and there were many tributes, and the descendants flourished and scattered in the four townships.
There are two clans of the Wang clan. One is the Huangfu Town Hongnizhai Wang clan, in the second year of Ming Chenghua (1466), his ancestor Wang Zhonggang moved from Hongdong County, Shanxi, into the Dabao Capital Yijia, the king of the clan in the late Ming Dynasty as bingbu Shangshu (正一品) and Du Chayuan Zuo Du Yushi (from Yipin), Fuzhou City WangJia Lion Courtyard was built by the official government during the Ming Jiajing period for Wang Jimo's father Wang Haoshan. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were 41 officials above the eight pins of the Wang clan, such as Wang Jilie, Wang Hantai, Wang Hanjing, etc.; one was the Wang family of Kuanping in Huangfu Town, whose ancestral home was untested, the human race was very rich, living in various villages in Huangfu, Wang Jiayin, the leader of the peasant rebel army at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Jiayin, the head of the Early Qing Dynasty, Chang'an Zhi County, and the Kangxi Dynasty Wubang Wang Shitong.
The Yang clan is a three-clan. One is the old Shegou Village of Wujiazhuang in the late Ming Dynasty, and the latter lives in the county seat and the four townships; the second is the Yang family of the Lion City of Fujia, whose ancestor Yang Jia, a native of Xinzhou, Shanxi, moved in the early Ming Dynasty, had 7 children, flourished, and lived in various parts of the city and countryside. In the early Qing Dynasty, both of these two tribes made jinshi and paid tribute, and they also had duplicate names in the literary world. The third is the Yang clan of Huangfu Chuankou Village, during the Ming Hongwu period, his ancestor Yang Guiqing moved from Zhao Village, Dingxiang County, Shanxi, into the Hehe Capital Sijia, the population is prosperous, scattered everywhere.
In the second year of the reign of Ming Hongwu, Ming Hongwu moved from Liuhe County, Shandong Province, through Hongdong County, Shanxi, to the village of Fengjiahui in Qiangtou, and entered the Taiping capital Of Liujia.
Papaya Zhang Clan During the Ming Dynasty, his ancestor Zhang Guocai moved from Hongdong County, Shanxi to Zihuaping, a papaya stone cliff kiln village, and entered the Seven Jia of Dabao Capital, and Zhang Guocai later served as the commander-in-chief of Dengzhou.
Zhao Xuanhua, the ancestor of the Zhao clan of Zhao Zhai, moved from Xiaozhaojiagou Village, Baode Yimen Town, Shanxi to Zhao Zhai Village, Fugu Zhaozhai Village, into Ji and Du Qijia, Fugu Town Honghua, Zhao Shibao, Qingshui Town Zhao Zhai, Nan'e, Yuan'e, Dazhaigou, Yayao, Zaolin' Village, Zhanta, Manta, Ha Town, Zhao Wujiawan and other villages zhao clan as a family.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, his ancestor Chen Wei moved from Suide Shilipu to Chenzhuang Village in Madigou Village, and Chen Weidi moved into the village of Chen Jiayuan in Halazhai and into the fourth rank of taiping capital.
In the seventh year of Ming Yongle (1410), his ancestor Zhang Junzhi moved from Loufangyuan in Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province, to Yaoyuan Village, and entered Jiujia, the capital of Hehe, and the Xi'an, Jianbaozi, Ciyaogou and Berlindian Zhang clans of The Haize Temple in Fugu were all of the same clan.
Duanzhai Duan clan During the Ming Hongwu dynasty, it moved from Qufu, Shandong to Huangfu Duanzhai Village (formerly known as Jiaojiaping) through Hongdong County, Shanxi, and entered the third class of HeheDu.
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, his ancestor Shi Wei moved from Yanmen Guanshijiapo in Shanxi to HuangfuShan Shentang Village through Hongdong County, Shanxi, and into Jiujia, the capital of Hehe.
During the Ming Hongwu period, his ancestor Lin Puquan moved from Hongdong County, Shanxi to the village of Linjiayuan in The wall, into jiujia of Hehedu, and Lin Puzhen was a person during the Ming Hongwu period, who served as Baode Zhizhou in Shanxi, and the Lin clan was prosperous and scattered throughout Inner Mongolia and Fugu.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, his ancestor Tan Wenli moved from Xiangtan County, Hunan to Taiziyuan Village, Longkou Town, Jungar Banner, and moved into Fugu Qiangtou Village during the Qing Dynasty, into Jiujia, the capital of Hehe, and now Inner Mongolia and Fugu Tan clan are a family.
The great migration of the Ming Dynasty had an extremely important impact on the economic development and cultural development of Fugu, and the immigrants brought advanced production technology and production tools, so that the agriculture and animal husbandry of Fugu were developed rapidly, and they also brought more advanced culture, laying a solid foundation for the prosperity of Fugu culture in the Ming Dynasty.
Note: This article is excerpted from the first draft of the "General History of Fugu" compiled by Mr. Tan Yushan, and experts and scholars are welcome to give more valuable opinions.