The first clash between Han and Hungary was when Mao Dundan besieged Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, at Pingcheng, known in history as the Siege of Baideng. Before this, everyone was busy with their own family affairs, the Han wanted to destroy the Chu state to unify the Central Plains, and the Xiongnu were also busy fighting the Eastern Hu and Yue clans and unifying the grasslands. Neither side fully digested the interior, and when the forces were integrated, there was a collision first, after which the general position and attitude of the Han-Hungarians were established. The cost of fighting the Xiongnu was lower than that of the Han Dynasty, so for a long time the Xiongnu were attacking and the Han Dynasty was defending.
The Xiongnu side has always found an opportunity to come to the south to do a vote, kill people, grab things and run. The Han Dynasty side adopted a peace-and-pro strategy, first taking the initiative to send princesses and belongings, feeding the Xiongnu, not to bother, and quickly engaged in production at home, integrating the interior, and preparing for rioters, but the Xiongnu always broke the contract. In the middle, there are generals on both sides who often surrender to the other side as a leading party, and once they feel that they can't continue to mix in their own country, they will throw themselves on the other side.
The siege of Baideng was caused by the surrender of Han Wangxin, a prince of the frontier of the Han Dynasty, to the Xiongnu, after this, Han Xin often came south with his subordinates to grab things, and soon after the Han Dynasty Zhao State Minister Chen Feng also rebelled, mixed with Han Xin, attacked Daidi, and was driven away by the Han Dynasty's troops, Han Xin and Chen Feng were killed one after another. Later, Emperor Liu Bang sent the princess and relatives, and sent a lot of things, and Mao Dun alone only slightly reduced the intrusion on this side. The Yan king Lu Xie had previously stirred up Chen Feng's rebellion and was denounced. He also ran to the Xiongnu as a leading party, and then came to invade han land, and after Lu Xuan's death, his wife and children ran back to the Han Dynasty to lead the way to the Han Dynasty.
After Liu Bang's death, when Lü Hou was in power, Mao Dun Shan Yu actually wrote a letter to Lü Hou and made wild remarks, probably meaning that your husband was dead, you were a widow in charge, there was no man in the family how to do it, or we made up for it. Lü Hou angrily wanted to attack the Xiongnu, but the ministers did not agree, and Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, was surrounded by cattle in Pingcheng, and we could not afford it now. Lü Hou could only swallow this breath and politely reply to the letter, saying that he was old and ugly and did not deserve you, or let the messenger carry something for you.
During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, the Right Sage King of the Xiongnu broke the peace covenant and went south to kill people and rob things. The Right Sage King was the core high-ranking member of the Xiongnu, with his own territory and army. On the han side, the han army sent babies to attack the right xian king, but the right sage king could not fight, and ran away with the things he snatched, and Emperor Wen of Han had already arrived at Taiyuan City and planned to lead the troops to chase them out. At this time, Liu Xingju, the king of Jibei on the Han Dynasty, rebelled, and could only suppress the rebellion first. The prime minister withdrew with his army. Liu Xingju was the son of Liu Fei, the King of Qi, originally Liu Fei was the eldest of Han Gaozu's family, when he destroyed Zhu Lü, this vein of the King of Qi contributed the most, and as a result, the throne fell to the head of the fourth Liu Heng, and the descendants of Liu Fei's line have always been dissatisfied, and often people have mixed in rebellion.
The Xiongnu Sent a Letter to the Han Dynasty, saying that I didn't know in advance about the Matter of the Right Sage King, and I didn't let him do it. I have punished him and asked him to attack the Yue clan to the west. The Right Sage King did a pretty good job, defeated the Yueshi people, and by the way, he also pacified 26 countries in the western region, and now that the north has settled, we now want to make a truce, you continue to send things over, let's get along as before. The Han Dynasty discussed it for a while, and now it is not ready for war, so let's continue to make peace.
Shortly thereafter, Mou Dun Shan Yu died, and his son succeeded to the throne as Lao Shang Shan Yu. The Han Dynasty side married a princess to him and continued to kiss him. This time, the first traitor recorded in the history of the Chinese communists said that he was a eunuch who was married to the princess. Originally staying in the country well, the Bank of China said that he did not want to go to the bitter cold land of the Xiongnu, but where would the Han Dynasty care about the idea of a slave and force him to go. The Bank of China said that he would let me go, and I would definitely harm you Han Dynasty. Sure enough, the Bank of China said that as soon as he arrived at the Xiongnu, he took the initiative to surrender, and he taught the Huns to record the articles, count the livestock and population, give advice to the Xiongnu, and teach Shan Yu to choose the location and time to attack the Han Dynasty.
The Bank of China said that it was also particularly arrogant in speech to the Han Dynasty, and in the past, because the Xiongnu generally had little culture, they tried their best to do their hands and rarely shouted. After the Bank of China said that after he went, the opening of the national book was born of heaven and earth, and the Xiongnu DaDan Yu placed by the sun and the moon asked the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and his tone was particularly large. The Han Dynasty took the customs of the Xiongnu as a matter of fact. Say that you Huns do not support the elderly, just like beasts. The Bank of China said that it would retort that you Han soldiers were fighting while fighting, and the old people in the family also gave them the good things in the family, and then we Xiongnu often fought, and the old people gave food to the young people, that is, to protect themselves, so that father and son can protect each other for a long time, where the elderly are abused. The Han Dynasty also said that you Xiongnu fathers and sons and brothers slept in a felt room, and the woman in the family died of her husband, and the other men in the family would marry her. The Bank of China said and retorted that this is the custom of our Xiongnu, there is no such red tape, and the efficiency of doing things is high, so it can rob you at low cost. Gang is often chaotic, but it can ensure the continuation of your own clan, and you Han people are often not chaotic in ethics, but the relationship between father and son and brother is estranged, cannibalism, and even changes to a different surname. After that, the envoys of the Han Dynasty often talked about the customs of the Xiongnu, and although the Bonakh said that although the mouth was hard, the actual situation of the Xiongnu was because they were poor and could not talk about ethics and morality. Because they are poor, they have no food to feed the elderly. Because poverty can only share women, a hun wife born of a boy, may be his son, may also be a nephew, may be a brother and other relatives, although the Huns do not care, as long as it is their own family's bloodline, but these facts can not be washed white. Then don't wash it. Simply play with the bare stick, the Bank of China said that it would directly interrupt the words of the Han envoy, you don't say anything, we great Xiongnu only care about whether the things you send are of good quality and quantity, if not enough, we will take it ourselves.
In the 14th year of Emperor Wen of Han, the Xiongnu Shan Yu once again tore up the contract, led 140,000 cavalry into Chaona, Xiaoguan, killed the northern capital Sun Wei, and snatched many civilians and livestock. Xiongnu commandos invaded and burned down the Huizhong Palace, and the Xiongnu reconnaissance cavalry even reached the vicinity of Ganquan Palace, which was the emperor's summer summer retreat. The Han Dynasty also sent troops to garrison Chang'an, while sending cavalry to attack the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu only stayed in the border plug for a month before calmly leaving with the things they had robbed, and the Han army chased them out of the plug without success, and the Xiongnu became even more frenzied, coming every year to grab things.
At that time, the Han Dynasty was still in the recovery stage, and the domestic princely states could not be defeated, they really could not afford to fight, obviously they were robbed, and they could only ask for peace three or four times lower, and Emperor Wen of Han sent envoys to the Xiongnu Shan Yu to send letters willing to continue to pay protection fees, as long as the Xiongnu did not come over to rob them again. The content of the letter is to the effect that your father and my father have long made a covenant, south of the Great Wall I manage, north of the Great Wall you manage, we send each other something every year, all live a good life. Now some villains break the covenant, alienate our feelings, and let us fight each other, but this is all in the past. Han-Hungary is a neighboring country, the strength is comparable, there is no benefit in fighting, your side is bitterly cold, I send people to send you things every year. Let's continue to be close to each other, the Han Dynasty will definitely not take the initiative to break the contract, I hope to consider it carefully. You can get things without fighting, and shan yu agrees and signs a peace pact.
Two years later, The Elder Shangdan Died, and his son Junchen succeeded to the throne. The Bank of China said to continue to give advice to the military ministers. In the fourth year of his succession, the Xiongnu once again tore up the contract and invaded Shangjun and Yunzhong County, and robbed a lot of property. The Han Dynasty sent troops to hold on to important passes to prevent the Xiongnu from fighting inland, and after a few months, the Han Dynasty army reached the border, and the Han Dynasty side lacked horses and the infantry mobility was poor. The Xiongnu saw it from a distance, saw that they could not take advantage of anything, and left.
More than a year later, Emperor Wen of Han died and was succeeded by Emperor Jing of Han. Liu Sui, the King of Zhao, secretly colluded with the Xiongnu. During the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu, the Xiongnu wanted to join forces with the State of Zhao to invade biansai, but the State of Zhao was soon destroyed. The Huns also stopped planning to invade. After that, the Han Jing Emperor continued to make peace, send princesses, send things, and open up border trade, until the death of the Han Jing Emperor, the Xiongnu did not invade Han China on a large scale.
After Emperor Wu of Han succeeded to the throne, the Han Dynasty had gone through decades of recuperation and accumulation, and the rebellion of the princes was quelled in the country, and with the tuien order, the problem of the princes' tails being too big to fall had been solved. Possessed the strength to take the initiative to attack the Xiongnu, a shame of several decades. The Han Dynasty then designed an ambush against the Xiongnu, through merchants to make the Xiongnu believe that there was a lot of property in Mayi City, and the military ministers alone coveted the property, so they led 100,000 cavalry to invade the border of Wuzhou, at this time the Han Dynasty had ambushed 300,000 troops near Mayi. When the military minister Shan Yu was more than 100 miles away from Mayi City, he felt strange to see that the livestock were all over the field, but no one was grazing. So they attacked the surrounding Han military posts to obtain intelligence. Coincidentally, Wei Shi of Yanmen County was patrolling the surrounding area, and when he saw the Xiongnu coming, he ran to the Wei's house to hide, and then he was captured alive, and he told the Xiongnu the location of the Han army's ambush in order to survive. After hearing this, the military minister was shocked and quickly ran. From then on, the Xiongnu severed their peace relations with the Han Dynasty and often invaded and plundered.
After the Mayi incident, the Han and Hungarians did not mention the matter of the pro-pact, but instead fought hard and took the opportunity to vote for the other side, during which the legendary generals in Chinese military history, Wei Qing and Huo Qi, were born.
Five years after the Mayi Incident, the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing and four other generals with 10,000 cavalry each to attack the Xiongnu near Guanshi. Wei Qing set out from Shanggu County to Longcheng and captured more than 700 Xiongnu. Dragon City is the place where the Xiongnu sacrifices to the heavens. Gongsun He set out from Yunzhong County to find nothing. Gongsun Ao set out from Dai Commandery and was defeated by the Xiongnu, losing more than 7,000 men. Li Guang set out from Yanmen County, was defeated by the Xiongnu, was captured alive, and ran back himself. Gongsun Ao and Li Guang were sent to prison, paid a ransom and exonerated, and demoted to commoners. During the Han Dynasty, ministers who committed crimes could pay money to atone for their sins, and those who did not have money had to confess. Sima Qian just didn't have any money, so he couldn't avoid the palace punishment.
In the winter of that year, the Xiongnu invaded the border again, killed The Liaoxi Taishou, snatched more than 2,000 people, then invaded Yuyang, defeated the army of Yuyang Taishou, and almost annihilated the army led by the general Han Anguo, and then the Xiongnu invaded Yanmen County, killing and snatching more than a thousand people. The Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing with 30,000 cavalry from Yanmen, and the general Li Xi set out from Dai County, attacking the Xiongnu at the same time, killing and capturing thousands of Xiongnu.
The following year, Wei Qing sent troops to the western part of Yunzhong County, the two subordinate tribes of the Xiongnu, the Great Broken Lou And the White Sheep. Killing and capturing thousands of people and capturing more than a million cattle and sheep, the Han Dynasty recovered a large area of land south of Hetao, built Shuofang City, renovated the border plugs built by the Qin general Meng Tian, and built a defensive line relying on the Yellow River.
In the winter of that year, the Xiongnu side changed Shan Yu, the military minister Shan Yu died, and his brother Yi Zhixiao drove away the crown prince Yu Dan and succeeded to the throne himself. Xindan Yuyi took the throne, and it was the old routine, invading Dai County, killing Taishou Gongyou, and snatching more than a thousand people. The following year continued, dividing the army into three ways to attack Dai County, Dingxiang, shang county, killing and snatching thousands of people. The area near the southern bank of the Loop turned out to be the territory of the Xiongnu Right Sage King, so he kept an eye on the place and killed and plundered officials and civilians.
In the spring of another year, Wei Qing was appointed as a general, and with six generals and more than 100,000 soldiers, he set out from Shuofang and surrounded the troops of The Right XianWang at night. However, the Right Xian King ran away, and the Han army captured more than fifteen thousand of Youxian King's men. In the winter of that year, the Xiongnu invaded Dai County again, killing Zhu Ying, the governor of Dai County, and snatching more than a thousand people.
In the spring of another year, the great general Wei Qing, with six generals and more than 100,000 cavalry, set out from Dingxiang to attack the Xiongnu, capturing more than 19,000 people. The Han army itself also lost two generals and three thousand cavalry. Right General Su Jian escaped single- The former general Zhao Xin finally surrendered to the Xiongnu. He was originally a small king of the Xiongnu, and surrendering to the Han Dynasty was equivalent to going abroad gilded and returning to the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu Shan Yu particularly appreciated him, married his sister to him, and made him king, building him a Zhao Xin City. In this year, another general of the Han Dynasty, Huo Qi, began a legendary life. Huo went ill because of Empress Wei Zifu, and when he was a teenager, he followed Emperor Wu of Han. Huo, who was less than 18 years old, followed his uncle Wei Qing on a campaign, leading eight hundred cavalry to attack for hundreds of miles, and the Xiongnu who were killed fled in all directions. The first expedition captured more than 2,000 people, including Shan Yu's uncle. Huo went to fame in one battle, bravely championed the three armies, and was named the champion Hou. The following year, Xiongnu cavalry invaded Shanggu County, killing hundreds of Han Chinese.
In the spring of another year, the Han Dynasty sent the general Huo Zhiyi to lead 10,000 cavalry from Longxi to attack the Xiongnu, capturing more than 18,000 people, killing the King of Zhelan and King Luhu, capturing the son of the Hun Evil King alive, and snatching king XiuTu's sacrifice tianjin man. In the summer of that year, Huo Andong Ao set out from the north and marched separately. Zhang Qian and the general Li Guang set out from Right Beiping and marched separately. Li Guang arrived first, was surrounded by King ZuoXian and fought bitterly for two days, with more than half of the casualties, and Bo Wang waited for Zhang Qian to arrive, and after returning, Zhang Qian was questioned for his slow movements. On the other side, Gongsun Ao took the wrong path and failed to reconcile with Huo. The other three roads were all in trouble, Huo went ill, went deep alone, ran thousands of miles, captured more than 30,000 people, and captured Shan Yu's wife and 59 Xiongnu princes alive. From then on, the status of the Hussar General was on par with that of the Great General Wei Qing. In the autumn of that year, the Xiongnu were dissatisfied with the defeat of the Hun Evil King and the Hu Tu King by the Han army, and wanted to recruit them to kill. The Hun Evil King and the Hu Tu King plotted to surrender to the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty sent Huo to the sick to take over the armed forces, mainly to prevent them from surrendering, which was often the case in the past. Huo went to illness and killed 8,000 soldiers who wanted to escape, accepting the remaining tens of thousands of people. Since then, places such as Longxi and Beidi have been much safer, and the pressure on border defense has been greatly reduced. The following year, the Xiongnu invaded Youbeiping and Dingxiang, killing and plundering more than a thousand people.
In the spring of another year, Wei Qinghuo went to the sick and took 50,000 each to attack the Xiongnu. Wei Qing set out from Dingxiang and went out for more than 1,000 miles. The Xiongnu Shan Yu's large army was waiting in a strict position, and the Han army was tough on the front. Taking advantage of the darkness, the wind and sand are big, the Han army copied two breads, Shan Yu estimated that he could not fight and ran away in a chaotic way, the Han army pursued and killed all the way, and captured more than 19,000 people, the Xiongnu Shan Yu did not know where to run, there was no news for 10 days in a row, and the Xiongnu set up a new single Yu. When Shan Yu Yi zhi returned, Xin Shan Yu returned the position again.
At the same time, Huo Zhiyi also led a 50,000-strong army out of Dai County, ran for more than 2,000 miles, and engaged the Xiongnu King Zuoxian, capturing more than 70,000 people along the way, and the Zuoxian King also ran. The General of the Hussars held a ceremony to enshrine zen at the Wolf Juxu Mountain and at the Guyan Mountain Sacrifice Ground. Finally hit near today's Lake Baikal before returning. Huo's battle achievements were too great, and in the history of the Central Plains, few people could match them for thousands of years. Feng Wolf Juxu became one of the highest honors of later generations of warriors. This year Ho went ill at the age of 21. Two years later, the hussar general Huo Wentong died of illness at the age of 23, and Emperor Wu of Han was particularly sad, and gave him a grand funeral to accompany him to the burial of Maoling, which was the mausoleum of Emperor Wudi of Han himself.
After this battle, there was no longer a xiongnu court south of the desert, and the Han Dynasty forces crossed the Yellow River and expanded westward. The Xiongnu could only hide in the bitter cold of the desert north, living by sucking blood from the countries of the western region, and in fact there was no future for development. In the third year of the Xiongnu Uweidan, the Han Dynasty sent the former eunuch Gongsun He to lead troops from Jiuyuan for more than 2,000 miles, and did not see a single Xiongnu. The Han Dynasty also waited for Zhao Tou to lead his troops from Lingju for thousands of miles without seeing the Xiongnu. The Han Dynasty was also operating the Western Regions, squeezing the living space of the Xiongnu. Since the Xiongnu lost the fertile monan region of grassland, the Han army continued to drive to the northwest, and internally split, and slowly the Xiongnu nation disappeared into the long river of history.