Indica and Japonica are the two main varieties of rice. According to the current planting area, indica rice is mainly distributed in Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Henan, Fujian, Jiangsu and Hainan provinces.
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Ancient literati rioters left many indica verses. The Tang Dynasty scholar Yuan Jie wrote "Offering Water Yun Xi Rice Frost Indica", Wang Zhidao of the Song Dynasty said that "the farmer is happy to have yun tian ben, and when he receives the indica rice is ripe", Cheng Minzheng of the Ming Dynasty wrote "Indica rice green wheat yellow, a village hut pillow square pond", and the Qing Dynasty poet Zheng Zhen wrote "With the rat bit ginger, Rather fight for the wheat indica".
Fang Hui, a poet of the Song and Yuan dynasties who lived more than 700 years ago, wrote a lot of poems and wrote many idyllic poems, including dozens of poems, including "red grain cooking indica rice", "new grain city indica", "cooking white morning indica", "morning indica rice boiling onion soup", and also "supporting the staff to walk strangely, japonica extremely looking forward to autumn".
In the Song Dynasty, an indica rice called Champa rice was introduced. There are more than a dozen ancient poems of Yong Champa Rice that are more famous. Champa rice, also known as early grain, early rice or Cham he, belongs to the early indica rice, and late rice continuous cropping to become double cropping rice, native to present-day Vietnam Champa City, the first introduced to the Fujian region, and promoted in the Jiangnan region. Examining Su Shi's "White Pagoda Paving Horse", it can be seen that Champa rice was also introduced to Jiangxi. The White Pagoda was laid in the area of present-day Xingzi, Yongxiu, and Duchang (gaoyao, shanggao, and Yifeng) in present-day Jiangxi Province. From the poem, we can see that Champa rice is rice. "Flea rice" is early rice, "flea" is the same as "early", and some versions are printed as "Champa early rice wants to move seedlings".
"Seedling transfer" is also called seedling division, planting, planting, that is, transplanting seedlings from the rice field to the rice field after seedling raising to obtain more nutrients and more growth space, which is known as the invention in the history of rice farming. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Qu Dajun wrote in the "Rice Cutting" that "indica rice is rarely planted in Champa City, and Dahe Is the most famous in South Vietnam".
The works of the Southern Song Dynasty poet Fan Chengda, which reflected the social life in the countryside, had high achievements. He wrote in the second part of the "Five Absolute Plum Rains": "The thunderstorm of the Ethyl Unitary Jia Shen was startled, and the multiplication was he MangzhuangQing. Plant the flea indica rice first, and steam the rice for a few decades. "This reflects the influence of climate on the harvest of indica, if the mango planting season, it is best to plant early indica rice, if the wind and rain are smooth, early indica rice can grow in dozens of days." Because, in some places, folk believe that rain is fierce when it rains on the day of planting, and it is auspicious when the sky is sunny. There is also a proverb that "mangs plant rain ripples, summer solstice fire burns the sky; mango seeds burn the sky, summer solstice rain ripples" proverb.
The emperor wrote poetry and also dabbled in indica rice. The poems of the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Yin Chan (Yongzheng), are mostly expressive of leisure, and the first sentence of the "Twenty-three Songs of Cultivating Diagrams and Their Sixteen Debuts" is an inscription painting of "Red Indica Harvest October, White Water Soaking Pi Cheng", which is an important theme in shunkang Yongqian's creation. There are 46 pictures in the whole volume of the "Yongzheng Statue Cultivation Atlas", of which 23 are "Cultivating" planting rice, with Yin Chan's handwritten titles and verses. He was emperor for 13 years and personally went to the Xiannongtan to pull the plough 12 times. The Xiannong Altar was the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties sacrificed to the gods of Xiannong and held pro-farming ceremonies, and Xiannong was the earliest farming god who taught the people to cultivate in legend. The sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Hongli (Qianlong), wrote in the "Ten Songs of Happy Rain and Four Rainy Fields": "Huang Liang saw that it was worry-free and late, and indica rice should be known to have a low margin." "He reigned for 60 years and went to the Temple of The Ancestors 28 times. In the spring of the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), the 79-year-old Qianlong went to the Xiannongtan for the last time to personally cultivate the field. The field was cultivated by the ancient Heavenly Sons and princes with the power of the people. In addition, Zhao Heng, the True Emperor of Song, personally promoted Champa rice, and after harvesting the rice, he also gave it to the imperial poem.
It should only be noted that the "indica" of indica rice in ancient poems is sometimes written as "秈", the same as "indica", and the pronunciation is the same. The aforementioned poem of the Yuan Jie is also written as "Frost 秈", and "Frost 籼" refers to the beige snow white as frost. And "rice" is also interpreted as the early maturation of japonica rice.
(Author Affilications: Hunan Provincial Grain and Material Reserve Bureau, the original article was published in the fourth edition of the Grain and Oil Market Newspaper on May 14, 2020)
Source丨grain and oil market report
Total Duty 丨 Liu Xinhuan Coordinator 丨 Liu Chao Editor 丨 Congshen