Fushun has an east compound and a west compound. However, there are many people, especially the young people in Fushun, who only know the East Courtyard, and have never heard of a West Compound in Fushun.
In fact, the West Compound and the East Compound belong to the residential areas of the early staff and laborers of the Fushun Carbon Mine. However, people have a deeper impression of the East Courtyard than the West Courtyard, because the East Courtyard is near the Fushun Excavator Factory (Heavy Machinery Factory) and is more familiar with it with the relocation of the excavator factory in recent years. Excavator factory, a century-old enterprise, in the Yulin area, from the Yulin Brigade in the north of Qingnian Road in the east, is the easternmost part of the current automobile trade market; the old bungalow in the west of donglin garden is connected with the new residential area, which is also the product of the Japanese building a heavy machine factory and an electric porcelain factory in that year. At that time, in the southeast corner of East Park, in addition to many Chinese, there was also Kubo Town, where Japanese people lived. (This Kubo stared at the Fushun Charcoal Mine After Chang Baofu took over, he knew that the Qianjinzhai "Riren Street" was pressing on the great coalfields in the west, the product of the secret construction and secret relocation; the north was next to the Fushun Electric Railway Line, and further north was the Electric Porcelain Factory; in the south, there was the East Open Pit Mine. In 1965, the excavator factory began to gradually relocate to the new factory at No. 25 Changchun Street in Shuncheng District, and it is conceivable that people have a deep memory of the East Courtyard. In people's thinking and ancient impressions, there is a top and a bottom, and the east has a west. For example, Fushun has the Upper and Lower River, the Upper and Lower Chapters, the North and South Dragons and Phoenixes, etc., and there may be an East Courtyard that may exist in the West Courtyard. So where is the West Compound? A lot of people don't have time to talk about it. To be precise, the West Compound is connected with the old Qianjinzhai commercial street and residential area, and it is the remaining place when the Old Qianjinzhai was moved, and the West Compound was built at least ten years before the East Courtyard was built. After the Japanese invaders occupied the Fushun Coal Mine, through prospecting, the initial investigation of the distribution of coal was learned: Fushun coal reserves of 320 million tons, the thickness of the coal seam is extra-thick coal seam, the thickest is 20 meters to 145 meters, and the varieties of coal are long bituminous coal and gas coal. Coal-to-oil shales are symbiotic deposits with 540 million tonnes of oil shale reserves and a thickness of 80 to 157 m. A total of 61 small buildings, including Fujimacho, AsahiCho, Shikishima, Yamato, Takasatsu, Akashiki, Yayoi, Kasuga, Yoshino, and Nagasho, are located on the western coalfield of Fushun. At that time, the ancient city of the carbon mine was excavated in the open air, and the southern side had been mined to the edge of the coal-free area close to Qiantai Mountain. In order to implement the "Great Open Pit Mining Plan" (i.e., the Great Unveiling), it is first necessary to relocate the "Nihito Street" that the Japanese have just built, along with the bustling old Qianjinzhai Old Market Street. This top-secret event was only known to Kubo Fu, who had just taken over as the director of the Fushun Carbon Mine. Therefore, he was the first to build the town of Kubo on the east side of the south gate of East Park (now Labor Park).
Although the West Compound and the Old Qianjin are connected together, this place is about 600 meters away from the Qianjin open-pit excavation of the Beibang Pit at that time, first, it is considered that it will not be mined there in five or seven years; second, the labor department of the open-pit mine is located in the "Great White Building" office of the West Compound; and the third is that not far from the northwest side of the West Compound is the fixed inspection and maintenance center for all locomotives, electric shovels, perforation machines and other equipment of the carbon mine -- the North Machinery Power Plant. Therefore, when the old Qianjinzhai commercial street and residential area were relocated, the West Courtyard was left behind.
So where is this range of the West Compound? To put it bluntly, it is a large area of land about a kilometer or more parallel to the south, bounded by the southern end of the first oil plant. The western end of the West Compound is called Xishan; the eastern end passes through the First Petroleum Plant to the Fourth Petroleum Plant, and that place is called the North Kiln Land. The entire area of the West Compound is equivalent to one-quarter to one-fifth of the current level of the West Open Pit Mine, covering an area of about two square kilometers. In 1930, the scale of the western open pit in the Japanese and pseudo-japanese periods, vertically east from the Mining Bureau, west to Majiazi, horizontal south from the foot of Qiantai Mountain, north to one kilometer south of the West Compound, far from the current scale. At that time, the center of the old Qianjin Village was relatively prosperous, except for the East Avenue and the south gate of the first shopping mall, the front and back Xinshi Street (North Market), the East and West Pingkangli and the South Market. The relatively large department stores are Sanshengdong, Charity He, Hengxingmao, Fuyuandong, Xinfadong and so on. There are also nearly 3,000 small shops, stalls and small groceries of all kinds. The big fruit shops are Tai Ho Chang, Dao Tang and The Big Pharmacy. Restaurants include Fuhe Building, Duyi, Assortment, tianjin pavilion. The above-mentioned merchants are located in the bustling area north and south of Qianjinzhai Railway Station. The city street is home to the Fushun County Office, its subordinate units, and the Ninth Branch of the Public Security Bureau. There are five secondary schools, including the prefectural junior high school, the simple teacher training, the prefectural ninth high school and the elementary school. As the Japanese invaders forcibly occupied the Qianjinzhai Coal Mine and formed the "First Coal Mining Squad," the troops of the former Japanese Field Railway Department were demobilized in Fushun on the spot on the orders of the Japanese Emperor and allowed officers and men to bring their families from home to settle down. By the end of 1905, the number of people pouring into Qianjinzhai from Japan increased sharply, and Qianjinzhai appeared as an exotic city street.
To the southeast of the west compound is the former coal mining compound (mine building), to the northeast is the mine club, and the east side of the great white building is the office building of the stripping section. The residents are divided into two parts: the south of the road and the north of the road. At the southern end of the road is the edge of the big pit, where there is an oven dedicated to the drilling bits of the perforation machine, and the north of the road is the road between the first oil plant and the west compound. This road is a asphalt road built by the Japanese, from the power plant in the east, the Happy Garden in the east, to the cement factory across the Xinsheng Bridge (Songgang Bridge) to the Shale Chemical Institute (the predecessor of the third petroleum plant), and the old Qianjinzhai people call this road the North Road. In the middle section, there is the North Kiln Di Primary School, and less than 100 meters east of the West Compound is a commercial area, with shops next to each other.
By the end of the 1950s, when I was interning in the West Compound's Piercing Explosion Zone, where commerce was still bustling and I could have lunch for a few dimes. Today, when I heard that some Fushun people relocated Qianjinzhai, they said very sarcastically that "not a single household was left" at that time, which is obviously not in line with historical facts. In the 1930s, there were nearly 500 merchants and people in Laoqianzhai who had not relocated, that is, the West Compound of that year.
The 80s and 90-year-old miners who are still alive today remember that after 1958, thousands of residents of the West Courtyard were moved one after another, and the population was generally resettled in three places: some went to the ancient city, some went to See Huaxi Bungalow, and some moved to "Huashan Yanzi Road (now Xinfu Industrial Park)".
During the Great Leap Forward in the 1950s, with the continuous expansion of the scale of western open-pit mining, especially the Dagan Northwest Gang, the mine was expanded to the north, and even to the north by another 500 meters, it involved the relocation of the west compound. At that time, there was a fourth oil plant in the north kiln, and a staff house was built next to the pit in the west open pit mine, and they first moved the house to north Houtun. In 1956, the entire fourth petroleum plant was relocated to Qingtaizi and rebuilt as a state-owned chemical plant in Fushun.
At that time, after graduating from the Lu mining major of the second branch of Fushun Coal Mining School, I was assigned to the West Open Pit Mine to conduct an internship in the West Compound. At that time, there was also a large area of green brick houses, which looked older, and the house was obviously more than half a foot below the outside of the house, and the brick walls were decadent and the tiles were broken. Although the houses in the West Courtyard are all low-rise bungalows, which were specially built by the Japanese for Chinese employees who dug up qianjin open-air, each house is inhabited by ten families, and the spacing between the buildings is relatively wide. The house where ordinary laborers live is not as good as the house where the staff lives, not only is the distance between the buildings narrow, except for the small courtyard in front of them, and then build a coal shed after the house, and the rest can only be used for one generation car. Whether it is staff housing or labor housing, there are sanitary toilets in the house, all of which are open-air dry toilets surrounded by waste wood on the north side of three or four houses, and whenever the feces are taken out, the smell is really unpleasant, and the smell cannot be passed for several days.
The piercing area where I am is also a bungalow compound with green bricks to the top, but it is much more spacious than the house. The electric railway passenger transport we take for commuting, get off from the Eleventh Street Electric Railway Passenger Station, and go south through the underground tunnel passage of the first petroleum plant to reach the West Compound. This tunnel was officially put into operation in January 1928 in Japan to build a 75,000-ton oil plant, and to build 80 dry distillation furnaces for 50 tons of oil-based shale, as well as ancillary workshops for crushing, thiamin, distillation, paraffin and so on. Two years later, in May 1930, the West Oil Factory (First Petroleum Plant) was built, and the oil was opened successively to produce oil, and in order to ensure the safety of the West Oil Factory, it was excavated to the Tunnel of the West Compound. This tunnel has also been certified, and before the construction of the first oil plant, there was a surface road leading to the West Compound from here, which was objectively existing.
The office of the divergent and mining section of the West Open Pit Mine is a well-known "Great White Building", a three-storey building made of ash (cement), which stands out in this low and cold residential area. This "Great White Building" is the location of the Labor Department of the Old Qianjinzhai Carbon Mining Office, which once became the West Open Pit Carbon Mining Office after the merger of the three open-pit excavations of Guchengzi, Qianjinzhai and Yangbai when the old Qianjinzhai was relocated. In October 1948, the mine returned to the hands of the people, and the "Great White Building" became the office building of the Fushun West Open Pit Mine. At the beginning of 1958, the West Open Pit Mine was needed for dew coal, and the Dagan Northwest Gang found that the foundation of the Great White Building was sinking, and the Mining Bureau decided to relocate the West Open Pit Mining Office to the Red Building (Fushun West Tenth Road Teaching Building) to work. In March 1960, a large landslide occurred in the northwest gang, the landslide area was 1050-1100 meters west, the elevation was positive 1 to 42 levels, the landslide area was 15,000 square meters, and the thickness of the landslide was about 10 meters, resulting in local suspension of stripping. In March 1961, in order to curb the imbalance in the ratio of stripping and mining, the Party Committee of the mining area decided to set up two sub-mines in the West Open Pit Mine: the divestment section and the North Machinery Power Plant were merged to form the Mining Branch, and the Mining Branch was set up in Dabailou; the Dongfeng Mine (that is, (deep well) was abolished and the Dongfeng Mine was placed under the jurisdiction of the West Open Pit Mine. Two years later, the West Open Pit Mine carried out the overall institutional reform, from two sub-mines to 14 departments, merged 20 workshops into 13 workshops, and restored the West Open Pit Mine system. In April 1963, the West Open Pit Mine was relocated to a new office building in Guchengzi. At this time, the "Great White Building" is the newly established West Open Pit Mine Hospital on the west side, and the office of the excavation section is on the east side.
At the end of 1972, according to the approval document No. 77 of the Coal-Fired ShengbenZi To expand the mining of the Northwest Gang Project, the West Open Pit Mining Hospital was relocated to the ancient city, and the mining section was relocated to the courtyard of the Japanese and pseudo police station on the south side of the electric railway line of the Fushun Coal Mining School, and the "Great White Building" was demolished and all the residential areas of the West Compound were relocated.
There are two dirt roads running through the west courtyard, dividing the house into north and south parts, and according to the recollection of the elders, in those years, they lived in the west courtyard, although the houses were narrow and small, and their lives were very fulfilling. Especially after liberation, every ten and a half days, you can watch an open-air movie in the courtyard of the Great White Building, and sometimes the mining troupe will come to sing the program. Every New Year's Day, the lights are colorful, and when the gods are received, it is also the sound of firecrackers, rejoicing and lively. The so-called almost live, but the burning is not worried, coal and waste wood for ignition, no matter the adults and children go down the pit on their backs. Nearby oil plant, the Japanese call it Western oil, its raw material is oil mother shale, the coal of the power plant is directly from the pit to heat and generate electricity. When the inch, due to the pressure of a lot of coal under the first oil plant, and then dug, the factory was dug down, and it was difficult to maintain the appearance of the city. So the pit expanded to the edge of the first oil plant, and it had to stop.
The board map of the Japanese island nation resembles a light boat floating in the ocean, and it is originally an oil-poor country. However, going to sea depends on ships, aggression and expansion rely on warships, and it is difficult to move without fuel. "Some people say that the Japanese are amazing, that they are the oil extracted from the oil mother shale." This is to put gold on the face of a Japanese devil. Relevant data records: At the beginning of 1922, the Japanese did not hesitate to spend a lot of money, and the Fushun Carbon Mine paid 100,000 yen for the test, loaded 100 tons of oil mother shale onto the ship, and sent dr. chemical engineering to cross the ocean to Sweden and Germany for tests. As a result, the oil harvest rate is still not high, only reaching 2 to 2.75%, or can not meet the requirements of industrial production. Two years later, in 1924, the Japanese loaded 500 tons of oil mother shale on a giant ship, departed from Dalian, and transported it to the England oil shale factory in the United Kingdom, invested 500,000 yen, and commissioned the British to carry out dry distillation tests, which led to good results in industrial production. In May 1925, Japan held a joint meeting in Dalian with the participation of Swedish, German, English and Japanese authorities to put forward new ideas on dry distillation production. Subsequently, the dry distillation type was changed to the British internal heat furnace type, and the two-stage procedure of first dry distillation and then internal heating was used to extract oil using gas circulation heating technology. In order to apply this technology to industrial production as soon as possible, "Mantetsu" clearly instructed Ueno Shi, who took over as the director of the Fushun Carbon Mine, to immediately build an internal heat gas furnace that could process 10 tons of oil mother shale at the gas plant of the Fushun Chemical Institute (now the third oil plant) under the guidance of English chemical experts. In January 1928, with the approval of the Japanese government, it was decided to put into formal production. In May 1930, the western oil was built, although it was the credit of Swedish, German, and British chemical experts, but little Japan bought oil technology at a high price, and the research and development results of others were recorded in their own merit books. The oil production of the Fushun Carbon Ore Oil Factory caused a sensation in the whole of Japan.
In his "Policy On Manchurian and Mongolian Accumulation Plates" to the Emperor, Prime Minister Di Mura shamelessly said: "Kerosene is also the most indebted thing in our country and is also an important product for the founding of the country." Fortunately, all the stratigraphic rocks of fushun coal mine contain the amount of oil rock, a total of 5.2 billion tons. This oil layer rock can extract six catties of kerosene per 100 catties. If the American refining mechanism is added, nine kilograms of essential oil can be obtained for every 100 catties for the use of automatic vehicles and ships. At present, about 70 million (tons) of mineral oil imported from foreign countries in Japan every year, with an estimated value of 60 million yuan, is still increasing every year. According to the amount of five billion in the Fushun oil layer, if it is the smallest of four or five, two hundred and fifty million tons of kerosene can be obtained. According to the average of 350 million tons of oil, each ton of interests is 15 yuan, and the oil layer rock of Fushun can get 5.25 billion yuan of profits, which is really the three major revolutions of our industry. And in terms of national defense that is beneficial to our country, the industry is extremely important, and according to the iron and coal and oil of Manchuria and Mongolia, we can own it, then the navy and army policy of our country are close to the iron wall of jincheng. The Manchurians are the hearts of my Japanese people, and they are honest and true. It is truly celebratable for the Emperor's count. "The Western Oil and West Compound were originally integrated with the old Qianjin village, and it was this place left behind when the old Qianjin village was relocated. At the end of the 50th of the last life, all were relocated, and the open pit mines had been excavated to the boundary. The remaining coal resources, with the dismantling of the east and west large volume lifting systems of the west open pit mine, the mine implemented the "Zonal Mining, Combined Transportation, Internal Drainage Scheme", and the exposed coal seam in the northwest has long been buried in the internal backfill through the inner sub-drainage.
On July 14, 1976, during the Cultural Revolution, the two factions of mass organizations in the West Open Pit Mine clashed in this "Great White Building", causing a "armed struggle", and nearly a thousand people fought and injured more than 60 people. Provoked the beginning of the so-called "7.14" citywide armed struggle.
In 2007, when the Shantytown of Fushun was renovated, on the east side of Xishan, which was under the jurisdiction of Xinfuhuashan Subdistrict, there were 13 old green brick residential areas left, all of which were included in the scope of shantytown reform, and relocated to the new shantytowns such as Beihou, Guchengzi, and Gebu New Village. Nothing remains.
Text/Zang Yuzhong
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