Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,
Chief Prevention and Control Expert of the National Grassland Nocturnal Moth,
Wu Kongming, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
"Grassland Nightcrawler Prevention and Control Manual"
Officially published on April 9, 2020!
Wu Kongming
Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, chief scientist of the national grassland nightcrawler prevention and control, currently deputy secretary of the party group of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vice president, and secretary of the party committee of the directly subordinate organs.
Academician Wu Kongming has long been engaged in the research of agricultural pest monitoring, early warning and control technology, ecological safety and risk management technology of genetically modified plants. He has won 2 second prizes and 1 third prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. He has published more than 200 research papers in international SCI source journals such as Science and Nature. In 1998, he was awarded the special government allowance of the State Council, in 1999 he was awarded the honorary title of young and middle-aged experts with outstanding contributions by the Ministry of Agriculture, in 2006 he was awarded the Ninth China Youth Science and Technology Award and the National Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund, in 2007 he was selected as a national candidate for the "New Century Millions of Talents Project", in 2010 he was awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Scientific and Technological Worker", in 2011 he was awarded the He Liang He Li Science and Technology Progress Award, and in 2012 he was awarded the Fourth China Agricultural Excellence Award.
Since 2016, the grassland moth has invaded many countries in Africa, Asia and Oceania, becoming a major pest affecting global food security.
In view of the seriousness of the grassland moth, FAO launched the Global Prevention and Control Campaign in December 2019, aiming to mobilize all parties in the organization and establish a global cooperation mechanism to effectively control the occurrence of the grassland moth and reduce the risk of spread to new areas.
What kind of insect is the meadow moth and where does it come from? How is it spread? Compared with other major agricultural pests, what are the characteristics of the grassland night moth? Which major crops are harmed?
What about hazards abroad?
What is the spread and harm in our country?
With these questions, Xiaobian will answer your questions one by one.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" what are the characteristics of the grass moth >? Where does it come from?
</h1>
The grassland moth is one of the world's top ten plant pests, with 350 host plant species. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, producing 500 to 1500 eggs at a time and flying more than 100 kilometers overnight.
The grassland moth is a totally metamorphic insect, divided into four developmental stages: eggs, larvae, pupae and adult.
Changes in egg color of grass moth eggs and larval hatching processes
Morphological characteristics of larvae of the grassland night moth 1 to 6 instars
Typical identifying features of grassland nightcrawler larvae
Identification characteristics of female and male adults of the grassland moth
The meadow moth is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Its annual breeding area in North America extends north to Florida and southern Texas in the United States, and can undergo seasonal "tile-covering" migrations north in spring and summer, as far as Ontario and Quebec in Canada.
The annual breeding area of the meadow moth in South America can reach as far south as La Pampa in Peru and as far north as Chile and Argentina through migration.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > which major crops are harmed by the grassland moth? </h1>
The grassland moth is an omnivorous pest, and the larvae can feed on 350 species of plants in 76 families, including 106 species of grasses such as corn, sorghum, wheat, rice, sugarcane, barley, barley grass, early maturing grass, rye grass and red hair grass, 31 kinds of legumes such as sunflower, herb thistle, calendula, pyrethrum, safflower, garlic Brahmin ginseng, small fly, ghost needle grass, peanuts, peas, alfalfa, black wattle, knife bean, beard, yellow vanilla wood and wisteria, amaranth, spinach, beet, Quinoa and other 13 species of Amaranthaceae, Quinoa family of plants.
After the invasion of China, it mainly harmed plants such as corn, sugarcane, sorghum, millet, wheat, barley, peanuts, soybeans, sunflowers, curcuma, aromatherapy, ginger, arrowroot, potatoes, rapeseed, peppers and kale, as well as grasses such as imperial bamboo grass, matang, cow tendon grass and sudan grass.
The grassland moth can be divided into "corn type" and "rice type".
The grass moth is a symptom of maize infestation
1. The feeding of young larvae causes translucent "window spots";
2. Elderly larvae drilling moth rhizomes to cause "dry heart seedlings";
3~4. The larvae drill the center of the moth trumpet, and the leaves are stretched and perforated in rows;
5. The larvae nibble on the filament; 6. The larva nibble on the male spike;
7. Elderly larvae drilling borer fruit spikes;
8. Elderly larvae feed on corn grains;
9. The ear of borer fruit indirectly causes panicle rot
The grass moth is a symptom of wheat infestation
1. The larvae feed on the leaves; 2. Translucent "window spots" leaves;
3. The whole plant suffered from the tillering stage; 4. The leaves are nibbled;
5. Lack of seedlings and ridges; 6. Wheat at the panicle extraction stage
The grass moth is a symptom of peanut pests
1. Young larvae are pest growth points; 2. Translucent window holes;
3. Elderly larvae feed on leaves; Blades are missing and hollow;
5. Old mature larvae on the surface of the soil
The grass moth is a symptom of the pest of cattle tendon grass
1~2. Young larvae feed on leaves to form transparent "window spots" and perforations; 3-4. Older larvae nibble on leaves, causing them to break
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the migration of the grassland moth</h1>
According to the research results of the investigation of the cold resistance and wintering ability of the grassland nightcrawler and the analysis of China's climatic characteristics, the annual breeding area of the grassland nightcrawler in China should be in the tropical and tropical areas of South Asia south of the average temperature of 10 °C isotherm in January, and the direction of this line is from Nanping in Fujian, Shaoguan in Guangdong, Hechi in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Guangxi in the whole book), and from Guizhou Qianxi Southwest Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture to Baoshan in Yunnan, basically covering Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Fujian and south-central Yunnan.
The grassland night moth indicates the migration route in Our country
The overwintering areas of the old mature larvae and pupae are located between the Isothermal and Annual Breeding Areas at 7°C in January, and roughly include southern Zhejiang, central and southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and southern Guizhou.
Judging from the source of migration, the grassland night moth is divided into foreign insect sources and domestic insect sources.
There are four migration paths for the foreign grassland moth to enter China.
First, from northeast India, Myanmar and other places to follow the southwest monsoon from May to June into the southern Nyingchi and Qamdo regions of China's Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibet referred to as Tibet);
Second, Myanmar and Laos moved into Yunnan and other places with the southwestern air current;
The third is that the Indochina Peninsula moved into Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan with the southwest wind in late winter and early spring;
Fourth, the Philippines moved into the southeast coast and Taiwan with typhoons or tropical cyclones in July and August.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > integrated control technique for the grassland moth</h1>
The process of occurrence and development of alien pests includes three stages: invasion, colonization and outbreak. In 2019, the grassland moth completed the invasion and colonization process in China, and will enter the outbreak stage in 2020.
As far as the general law of the dynamics of alien pests is concerned, when the natural ecological control effect of the native area is removed and entered into a new suitable habitat, the population occurrence rate is 5 to 10 times that of the native habitat.
chemical control
The application period of chemical control originates from the time when the density of the insect population reaches the control target.
Application methods include spraying and seed mixing. The agricultural dosage forms used for spraying include emulsion, wettable powder, suspension agent, microemulsion and so on. The smaller the diameter of the spray droplets, the more conducive to the deposition of agents in the stem and leaf organs, and the more uniform the application.
Chemical control focuses on the spraying of corn horns
Physicochemical booby-traps
The spawning capacity of a female of the grassland moth is 500 to 1500 grains, killing 1 adult worm that has not laid eggs, which is equivalent to protecting the crops of 1 acre of land, and trapping adult insects also has many advantages such as environmental protection.
Adult booby-trap methods include lamp seduction, sexual seduction and food enticing.
Grass moth food trap trap
Biocontrol
At present, the biocontrol products that can be applied to the field to control the grassland nightcrawler mainly include Bacillus thuringiensis, Coccidioides albicans, Breavian bacillus and karyotype polykeratovirus and other biopesticides.
Field efficacy tests have shown that the preparation of Thuiensis is about 60% effective against the field control of the grassland moth. Thuringiensis is more virulent to young grassland nightcrawler larvae, and attention should be paid to observing the oral age of insects in the field when using The preparation of Thuringiensis preparations, and the larvae are administered before 3 years of age.
Agricultural control
Agricultural measures can reduce populations and hazard levels by creating an environment that is not suitable for grassland moths to occur on key crops.
The grassland moth has a strong egg-laying preference for corn, and can plant a certain proportion of corn as a trap belt in the field of wheat, peanuts, millet, kale, sugarcane and other crops to attract the grassland moth to concentrate on spawning.
Corn is planted in the field or field, and the cattle tendon grass is planted to induce the grassland night moth to lay eggs and then use chemical pesticides to concentrate on killing
1. Strip planting of corn shelter wheat; 2. Strip planting corn shelter peanuts; 3. Growing ox tendon grass to shelter peppers in the field; 4. Corn is planted around the edge of the field to shelter a variety of crops
The above content is excerpted from the "Grassland Nightcrawler Prevention and Control Manual"
Wu Kongming | waited
Responsible editor| Yan Qingjian, Ma Weiling, Wang Siwen
Cover design | Sun Baolin
Original | Chen Ying
Contents
The main contents of the book include the morphological characteristics, living habits, occurrence rules, monitoring and reporting techniques and prevention and control measures of the grassland moth.
The book is a popular science book, the whole book is more than 30,000 words, more than 30 color pictures, the content is informative, the pictures and texts are rich, easy to understand, full color printing.
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